英语单词的音节及读音规则.doc

英语单词的音节及读音规则1. 音节概念 在英语单词中元音特别响亮，一个发音的元音就可以构成一个音节，所以英语单词的音节是以发音的元音来确定的。只有一个发音的元音构成的单词称为单音节词，有两个发音的元音构成的单词称为双音节词，三个以上发音的元音构成的单词称为多音节词。例：双音节词：go, he, stand, think, please, take, some, what, glad, smoke, child, taught双音节词：teacher, brother, Sunday, neighbor, darkness, breakfast, comment , open多音节词：exercise, holiday, separate, celebrate, institute, opportunity modernization注：一个单词音节数的多少并不是按组成单词字母的多少来划分的。2. 单词重音在英语的双音节以上的单词中，有一个或两个读得特别响亮的音节，我们称为重读音节，国际音标上标有“”这样的重读符号。一般说来一个单词只有一个重音。例：Sunday sndi begin biin3. 开音节开音节一共有两种：一种叫绝对开音节，即直接以发音的元音字母结尾的单词。例：go , he hi:, no n, we wi:, who hu:另一种叫做相对开音节，即发音的元音字母后有一个辅音字母（r 除外）再加一个不发音的字母e。例：make meik, note nt, these i:z, like laik, use ju:z4. 闭音节 发音的元音字母后面有一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）时，这个元音字母构成的音节叫闭音节。如果单词重音在这个音节上，该闭音节就叫做重读闭音节。例：bad bd, thank k, desk desk, sit sit, stick stik, fog f, shop p; sun sn, must mst5. 元音字母在开音节中的一般发音 A a ei, Ee i:, Ii ai, Oo , Uu ju:例：take teik, late leit, he hi:, theme i:m, time taim, nice nais, no n; joke jk, tune tju:n, cute kju:t;6. 元音字母在重读闭音节中的一般发音 A a , Ee e, Ii i, Oo , Uu 例：lamp lmp, plan pln, well wel, best best, mill mil, wish wi, hot ht; drop drp, club clb, but bt7. 各元音在开音节和闭音节的读音规则1）A a 开音节中多读 ei 字母本身的音。 词例：name, plane, cake, take; 但have中却发 重读闭音节中多读 。 词例：bad, lamp, tank, cat, mapa 的前面是辅音w时读作。 词例：want, wash, what, qualitya 的后面是 ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n 时常读作a:。 词例：class, fast, grasp, ask, bath, staff, dance, command2) E e开音节中多读 i: 字母本身的音 词例：he, she, be, these 重读闭音节中多读 e。词例：pen, yes, well, desk, best3) I i (y)开音节中多读 ai 字母本身的音 词例：like, time, bike, why, 但give和 live中却发 i重读闭音节中多读 i。词例：stick, ship, big, mill词尾是-nd和 -ld时，i 可读作ai 词例：kind, find, child4) O o开音节中多读 字母本身的音 词例：no, home, joke, smoke, joke但to, do, who, move, shoe中却发 u:重读闭音节中多读 。词例：hot, fog, shop, long, drop词尾是-st和 -ld时，o 可读作 词例：most, post, bold, cold, 例外both, comb o的后面是 m, n, v, th 时，可读作 词例：son, some, come, one, done, love, glove, mother, brother5）U u 开音节中多读 字母本身的音 词例：use, tune, cute, mule u 在辅音字母l, r, j后面时读作u: 词例：blue, rule, true, June重读闭音节中多读 或u。词例：sun, but, club, must, full, put但truth, busy中却发 u:8. -r 音节-re音节的读音规则ar 常读作a: 词例：car, park, large, star; 但war, warm, ward却读: er常读作: 词例：verb, term, serve, stern; ir常读作: 词例：girl, first, shirt, birdor常读作: 词例：horse, short, north, sport; 但word, work, world却读:ur常读作: 词例：burn, nurse, hurt, furare常读作e 词例：care, dare, stare, rareere常读作i或e 词例：mere, here, there, were; 但were 却读:ore常读作: 词例：more, wore, sore, storeire常读作ai 词例：fire, tire, hire, mireure常读作ju或u 词例：pure, cure, manure, sure9. 元音字母组合的读音规则1）a+其它字母al 常读作: 词例：ball, walk, talk, walk, also, 其后有f 或m 时可读a: 例：half, calm, palmau 和augh 常读作: 词例：cause, fault, launch; taught, daughter 例外：laugh a:aw常读作: 词例：law, saw, claw, awful ai 和ay常读作ei 词例：wait, main; day, playair 和are常读作e 词例：hair, pair, chair; fare, care, dare, stare, share2）e+其它字母ea常读作i: 或e 词例：meat, please, peace, clean; head, dead, lead, bread例外：great, break读作 ei ee常读作i: 词例：meet, three, steel, green, tree, street,needei和 ie常读作i: 词例：field, piece, ceiling, receive有时ei 和ey一样。读作ei 词例：eight, neighbor; prey, grey例外：friend, 读作e height读作ai, review读作 ju:ew常读作ju: 词例：new, few, dew. ew在辅音字母l, r, j后面读作u: 词例：blew, crew, Jewear常读作i 词例：hear, dear, tear; 有时读e 词例：bear, wear, pear 后面有辅音字母时读作: 词例：learn, pearl, early, earth例外：heart, 读作a: year读作j eer常读作i 词例：deer, cheer, beer, pioneer, engineer3）o+其它字母oa常读作 词例：coat, boat, soap, floatoi和oy常读作i 词例：oil, voice, point; boy, joyoul 常读作 词例：could, would, shouldoo 常读作u: 词例：food, tooth, spoon, school, moon例外：foot, good, stood, 读作 ; blood, flood读作oo 后面是k时读作 词例：book, look, cook, brookoor和 oar 常读作: 词例：door, floor; board, coarse 例外：poor, 读作uou 常读作au或 词例：loud, house, mouth; young, touch, country, trouble例外：group, 读作u:, youth 读作ju:, soul, 读作ough 常读作: 词例：bouught, fought, thought例外：though, 读作, through 读作u:our 常读作: 或 au 词例：four, course, pour; our, hour, sour, flourow 常读作au 或 词例：now, how, town, down; slow, show, grow, snowowe 或ower 常读作au 词例：towel, vowel; power, flower4）i+其它字母ig或igh常读作ai 词例：sign, design; sigh, light, night, bright, eightia, ie或io常读作ai 词例：dialogue, reliable; quiet, science; violet, violence5）u+其它字母 ui 常读作ju: 词例：suit, nuisanceui的前面有辅音字母l, r, j 时，读作u: 词例：sluice, fruit, juice 例外：build读作i注：以上都是元音字母、-r音节和元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音规则。在非重读音节中基本上所有都弱化成短元音。10.辅音字母在单词中的读音规则1）B e 常读作b 或位于词尾不发音。词例：bed, book, bright; comb, lamb, tomb, climb2）C c 常读作k, s 词例：cold, clean cat; nice, city, decide 有时读作 词例：social, musician, precious3）D d 常读作d 词例：day, desk, add, 动词加-ed 时 -ed 的读法 -ed前是清辅音时（t除外）,读作 t词例：walked -kt, jumped -pt, missed -st, washed -t-ed前是浊辅音时（d除外）,读作 d词例：played -eid, robbed -bd, closed -zd, begged -d-ed前是 t 和 d 时, 读作 id词例：wanted -tid, needed -did 4) F f常读作 f 词例：five, wife, four, leaf有时读作 词例：social, musician, precious 个别情况读作v 词例：of v 或 v5) G g常读作 词例：girl, game, give, big, ago有时读作d 尤其是在元音字母 e前时此时词尾的ge 读作d，词例：large, page, college, village6) H h常读作h 词例：hot, house, head, hand h 有时不发音。词例：hour, honor, exhibit, rhyme7) J j常读作d 词例：jam, joke, June, judge8) K k常读作k 词例：cake, week, kite, sky9) L l常读作l 词例：land, milk, belt, schooll 有时不发音。词例：walk wk, calm ka:m10) M m常读作m 词例：name, meet, mother, come11) Nn常读作n 词例：line, nine, nice n 在辅音音素k 和 之前读作。词例：bank, think, uncle, finger, language12) P p常读作p 词例：pen, sleep, spring, picture13)Q q该字母一般很少单独出现，它常和元音字母 u组成qu字母组合。常读作kw 词例：question, quite, queen14)Rr常读作r 词例：road, right, read 其次是构成r音节或re 音节。15) Ss在词首时常读作s 词例：sit, soap, sky s 在两个元音字母间常读作z 词例：music, season, prisons 在两个元音字母和不发音的e之间有两种读法动词常读作z 词例：close, lose, raise名词或形容词词常读作s 词例：base, case, close, coarses 前或后是清辅音时常读作s 词例：lamps, looks, waits; list, desk, husband s 在辅音字母t之后常读作ts 词例：students, streets s 在辅音字母d之后常读作ds 词例：beds, comrades, prides注s 的读音规则较复杂，还得在具体的学习中去把握。16) T t常读作t 词例：tell, meet, ten, letter17) V v常读作v 词例：voice, love, vote, leave18) W w常读作w 词例：wait, sweet, wall, twin. 有时不发音。词例：sword, answer19) X x常读作ks 词例：box, exercise, text, excellentx后面是元音,而且又是重读音节时，常读作z 词例：exam, exist, exact20) Y y出现在单词开头时常读作j 词例：yes, year, yellow 但出现在词尾时可能发ai 或i的音，词例：satisfy, beautify, country。与元音字母构成组合时可能发元音 ei 词例：day, play 21) Z z常读作z 词例：zoo, maze, doze, zone 11. 辅音字母组合的读音1）ch, tch 读作t词例：child, chart, teach, match, catch, watch ch 有时读作 k 词例：school, chemistry, character, stomach2）ck 常读作k词例：neck, black, stick, pocket3）cc 常读作k词例：accept, accident, success; according, accuse4）ce 常读作s词例：nice, accept, rice, piece 5）dge 常读作d词例：bridge, judge, lodge6）gu, gue 常读作词例：guide, league, guess, dialogue7）ng, 常读作