山西省忻州市五寨光明中学高中英语 Module6 Animals in Danger Grammar课件 外研版必修5.ppt

grammartheattributiveclause 1 定义 又称形容词性从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词 起定语作用 2 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 3 关系代词 关系副词 引导定语从句的词 关系代词 关系副词 who whom whose which that when where why 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 定语 在定语从句中作状语 adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords 句子主干 定语从句 先行词 关系代词 adictionaryisabook whichgivesthemeaningofwords book which 4 分类 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分 使先行词区别于同类其他事物 主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开 非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 引导词 关系代词和关系副词 作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略 引导词 as who whom whose which ofwhich when where等 不用that或why 不能省略 限制性定语从句举例 1 theteachertoldmethattomwastheonlypersonthaticoulddependon 2 chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory 3 inthestreetisawamanwhowasfromafrica 非限制性定语从句举例 1 hismother wholoveshimverymuch isstrictwithhim 2 china whichwasfoundedin1949 isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful 3 lastsummerivisitedthepeople sgreathall inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear 1 herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege herbrother whoisnowasoldier alwaysencourageshertogotocollege 她还有其他哥哥 她只有一个哥哥 2 allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten allthebooks whichhavepicturesinthem arewellwritten 带插图的书写得好 所有的书都写的很好 所有的书都带插图 关系代词的用法 1 who指人 作主语或宾语 作宾语可略 theboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromclassone apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief 2 whom指人 作宾语 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省 theman whom who italkedtoismr li themantowhomitalkedismr li 3 whose在定语从句中作定语 与后面的名词为所属关系 whose多指人 也可指物 指物时可与ofwhich互换使用 1 hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor 2 theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired 3 doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass heisthestudentwhosepencilibrokeyesterday 4 which指物 在定语从句中做主语或宾语 做宾语时常可省略 1 footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys 2 thefilm which theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall 5 that指人时 相当于who或whom 指物时 相当于which 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时常可省略 1 whereisthemanthat whomisawthismorning 2 theseasonthat whichcomesafterspringissummer that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 但在下列情况下 一般用that而不用which haveyoutakendowneverythingthatmr lisaid thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld 1 限制性定语从句中先行词为all few everything anything nothing none little some等不定代词指物时 something用that或which均可 2 therebe句型中用that thereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstotom 3 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰 thisisthefirstbook that hehasread thisisthebestfilm that ihaveeverseen thisisthefirsttime that iaminbeijing 4 先行词是who或which引导的主句 whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar whichisthet shirtthatfitsmemost 5 当先行词既有人又有物 theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool 6 先行词被all every no some any little much theonly thevery thelast just right等修饰 i vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim 1 紧跟介词作宾语thosearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest 2 在非限制性定语从句中football whichisaverypopulargame isplayedallovertheworld 3 作定语hemaybelate inwhichcase weshouldwaitforhim 在下列情况下 一般用which而不that as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which引导的从句只能放在主句之后 as引导的从句 可放在句首 句中或句尾 which既可代指先行词 又可代指整个主句的内容 相当于 andthis 或 andthat 译为 这一点 as只能代指整个主句的内容 常带有 正如 之意 且已形成固定结构 asisknown asisreported asissaid asisexpected asweknow etc 1 einstein asisknown isafamousscientist 2 asisreported chinahasbecomeanimportantcountryintheworld 3 taiwanbelongstochina asisknowntoall 4 bambooishollow whichmakesitverylight 5 hedidn tcometoattendthemeeting asisexpected 3 as在从句中作主语 从句中的谓语必须是系动词 而which则不一定 heisverystrict asisshowninhiswork 4 先行词前有thesame such限定时 关系词只能用as ihavethesameopinionasyou have don treadsuchbooksasarebeyondyourability 当先行词受thesame修饰时 有时也用that引导定语从句 但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别 sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore sheworethesamedressthatsheworeatmary swedding 5 主从之间存在逻辑上的因果关系时 关系词往往用which tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain whichmadehisteacherveryangry 关系副词的用法 i llneverforgetthedaywhenijoinedtheleague onwhich i llneverforgetthetimewhich thatwasspentwithyou when在定语从句中作时间状语 先行词往往是表示时间的名词 相当于介词 which若定语从句缺主语或宾语 需用which或that引导定语从句 thisisthehousewhereilivedtwoyearsago inwhich thelibrary which that youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990 where在定语从句中作地点状语 先行词往往是表示地点的名词 相当于 介词 which 若定语从句缺主语或宾语 用which或that引导定语从句 where引导的定语从句也可以修饰case condition situation instance 等先行词 therearecaseswherethisruledoesnotholdgood canyouthinkofasituationwherethiswordcanbeused doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate thereasonwhy forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear why在定语从句中作原因状语 常位于reason之后 相当于forwhich thereasonwhy isthat 的原因是 他辞职的原因是他和老板吵架了 thereasonwhyheresignedwasthathequarreledwithhisboss menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood 在thereasonwhy 结构中 why引导定语从句 它也可以换为forwhich或者省略 在从句中作原因状语 如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从句中作主语 宾语 表语等时 则用that或which 3 thereasonisthat 结构中 只能用that引导表语从句 不要受汉语的影响 误用because 例1 ishallneverforgetthoseyears ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers hasagreateffectonmylife a that whichb when whichc which thatd when who 解析 本题的第一个空格处应填入表示时间的关系副词when 在从句中作状语 答案 b 例2 carolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyoctober personallyidoubtverymuch a itb thatc whend which 解析 我个人所怀疑的 是 到十月份这工作能否被完成 而不是 十月份 由此判定非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是october 而是前面整个主句的内容 答案 d 例3 johnsaidhe dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour wastrue a heb thisc whichd who 解析 john说他在办公室工作一个小时了 这件事情是真的 所以要用关系代词which指代这件事情并引导非限制性定语从句 答案 c 例4 alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss cameasasurprise a itb thatc whichd he 答案c 此为非限定性从句 不能用that修饰 而用which it和he都使后句成为句子 两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接 况且选he句意不通 例5 theweatherturnedouttobeverygood wasmorethanwecouldexpect a whatb whichc thatd it 答案b which可代替句子 用于非限定性定语从句 而what不可 that不能用于非限定性定语从句 it不为连词 使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通 例6 theenglishplay mystudentsactedatthenewyear spartywasagreatsuccess a forwhichb atwhichc inwhichd onwhich 本句属于 介词 关系代词 引导定语从句这一情况 通过拆分我们可以得mystudentsactedintheenglishplayatthenewyear sparty 所以答案为c 例7 isreportedinthenewspapers talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress a itb asc thatd what 例8 iworkinabusiness almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance a howb whichc whered that 例9 isthismuseum youvisitedafewdaysago a whereb thatc onwhichd theone 在该句中 主句中所缺部分为表语 从句中缺少宾语 只有theone既做了主句的表语 又可做从句的宾语 可以省略关系代词 相当于 theonethat which所以应选d 例10 isthisthemuseum theexhibitionwasheld a whereb thatc onwhichd theone 该句中 主 谓 宾俱全 从句部分为句子的状语表地点 既可用副词where 又因inthemuseum词组 可用介词in which引导地点状语 而此题中 介词on用的不对 所以选a 例11 thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths thesailingtimewas226days a ofwhichb duringwhichc fromwhichd forwhich a关系代词which指代thejourney 定语从句恢复为独立句子应该是 thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days i 从a b c d四个选项中 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 1 aperson e mailaccountisfullwon tbeabletosendorreceiveanye mails a whob whomc whosed whoever 2 thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors arebeyondourcontrol a mostofthemb mostofwhichc mostofwhatd mostofthat 3 occasionsarequiterare ihavetheti