初中英语时态总结一览表.doc

语法项目构 成用 法象 征 词例 句一般现在时主语+动词原形或者第三人称单数-s / es表示经常性的动作或状态Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。He goes to school every day.I often have lunch at home.一般过去时主语+动词过去式（did 或者bewas/ were表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态Ago / just now / In 1998 / last week / yesterday 等He wrote a letter yesterday.I was born in 1979.一般将来时主语+be going to动词原形will / shall + 动词原形在将来某个时间或某段时要做的事tomorrow / afternext / tonight in 2010Are you going to read?He will come tomorrow.现在进行时主语+be(am/is/are)doing 表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态listenlooknowall the timeDontTom is writing now.They are lying on the bed.现在完成时现在完成进行主语+have / has +动词过去分词主语+have/has been+ doing发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等含糊的频率副词alreadyjustnever ever He has slept for two days. I have been teaching for 8 years.过去进行时主语+was / were +doing多用于复合句中表在过去某时间正在进行的动作at this time yesterdaylast Sunday eveningHe was reading at that time last Friday过去完成时主语+had+动过去分词多用于复合句中该动作发生在过去的过去by the time过去时whenafterbeforeWe had learnt 2000 wordsby the end oflast year.过去将来时主语+would + 动词 原形多用宾语从句中过去看来将要发生的动作或状态He said that he the next day .He said that he would come here the next day .主句从句对过去或将来的假设过去式would+动词原形对过去情况进行假设时had+donewould+have+doneEg:1.if i were you ,i would wear a skirt2. what would you do if you had a million dollars ?3. If i had come a few minutes earlier , you would have met him.1、S(主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓语） 主动结构例如：Time flies. 1）S + V + 副词（状语） 例如：Birds sing beautifully.2）S + Vi + 介词短语（状语） 例如：He went on holiday. 3）S + Vi + 不定式（状语） 例如：We stopped to have a rest. 4）S + Vi + 分词（状语） 例如：Ill go swimming. 2、 S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓语）+ O（宾语）主动宾结构 例如：We like English. 3、 1）S + Vt + 名词/代词 例如：I like music. 2）S + Vt + 不定式 例如：I want to help him. 说明 常用于这句型的动词有：decide, hope, learn, need, promise, want, 等。 3）S + Vt + 疑问词 + 不定式 例如：I dont know what to do. 说明 常用于这句型的动词有：ask, decide, find out, forget, know等。 4）S + Vt + 动名词 例如：I enjoy living here. 说明 常用于这句型的动词有： advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise等。 5）S + Vt + 宾语从句 例如：I dont think (that) he is right. 说明 常用于这句型的动词有： hope, know, notice, think, wonder等。 3、S (主）+ V（谓语）( 系动词）+ P（表语）主系表结构 例如：We are Chinese. 说明 .除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, seem 等。表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 表延续的动词 keep, seem等。表瞬时的动词 come, fall等。 .表语也就是主语的补足语。1）S + V + 名词/代词 例如：He is a boy. 2）S + V + 形容词 例如：She is beautiful. 3）S + V + Adv 副词 例如：Class is over. 4）S + V + 介词短语 例如：He is in good health. 5）S + V+ 分词 例如：He is excited. 4、S (主）+ Vt（谓语）+ In O（间接宾语）+ D O（直接宾语）主动双宾结构 例如：I give you help. 1）S + Vt + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 例如：I sent him a book. 2）S + Vt + 直接宾语+ To/for + 间接宾语 例如：He sent a book to me. 说明 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有： bring, give, lend, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。 间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有： buy, get, make 等。 5、S (主）+ Vt（谓语）+ O（宾语） + O C（宾语补足语）主动宾补结构例如：I make you clear. 强调宾语和宾语补足语之间通常具有逻辑主谓关系。1）S + Vt + 宾语 + 名词 例如：We named our baby Tom. 说明 常用于这句型的动词有：call, find, make, name等。 2）S + Vt + 宾语 + 形容词 例如：He painted the wall white. 说明 常用于这句型的动词有：cut, find, keep, leave, make, see, wash等。 3）S + Vt + 宾语 + 介词短语 例如：She always keeps everything in good order. 4）S + Vt + 宾语 + 不定 例如：I wish you to stay. 说明 常用于这句型的动词有：不定式带to的词： ask, invite, tell, want, warn, wish等。不定式不带to的词：have, know, let, make, notice, see, watch等。 5）S + Vt + 宾语 + 分词 例如：I heard my name called（表示被动）.