英语学习ppt Chspter3 Government and the Commonwealth.ppt

chapter3governmentandthecommonwealth constitutionalmonarchyparliamentarydemocracy politicalparties constitution government election thecommonwealth content 1 politicalsystem 1 whatisthepoliticalsystemintheunitedkingdom constitutionalmonarchy 2 whoistheheadofstate akingoraqueen2 constitutionalmonarchy 1 whatismeantbyconstitutionalmonarchy thesovereignreigns butdoesnotrule 统而不治 2 couldyouexplainitindetail a hisorhermajesty spowerislimitedbytheconstitution aformality b therealpowerisinvestedwithelectivegovernment politicalsysteminbritain britishconstitutionismadeupof statutelaw 成文法 madebyparliamentcommonlaw 判例法 decidedbyjudges theirdecisionsincasesbeingarrivedatafterconsideringthecustomsandpracticesofthepeopleinvolved conventions 习惯法 hasevolvedthroughdecisionsinactualtrialseuropeanunionlaw whataretheprimarysourcesofbritishlaw nowrittenconstitution constitution i basicstructureofukcentralgovernment legislature buckinghampalace queen queen queenelizabethiiborn april21 1926queensincejune2 1953queenelizabethiiisa constitutionalmonarch althoughsheisofficiallytheheadofstate thecountryisactuallyrunbythegovernmentandledbytheprimeminister officialtitles elizabethii bythegraceofgod oftheunitedkingdomofgreatbritainandnorthernirelandandofherotherrealmsandterritoriesqueen headofthecommonwealth defenderofthefaith上帝神佑 大布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领土和领地的女王 英联邦元首 国教保护者伊莉莎白二世 whydothebritishpeoplestillhaveagreataffectionforthequeen theroleofthemonarch headoftheexecutive thejudiciary anintegralpartofthelegislature thecommander in chiefofallthearmedforcesandthe supremegovernor ofthechurchofenglandsummons proroguesanddissolvesparliament givesroyalassenttobillspassedbyparliament appointstheprimeminister ministers andimportantofficialsandofficers presidesthegreatstatefunctionsgivesmanyimportanthonorsandawards concludestreatiesanddeclareswar remits freesomeonefromapunishment allorpartofthesentencepassedonacriminalbygrantinga royalpardon frombuckinghamtowestminster thestateopeningofparliamentwednesdaynovember26 2003 queen readpages33 38whatistheroleofthehouseoflords whatistheroleofthehouseofcommons compositionofparliament houseoflordstheupperhouse houseofcommonsthelowerhouse members 695lordslordsspirituallordstemporal lifepeershereditarypeers president thelordchancellor 659mpsuniversalsuffrageconstituency mp sseat fiveyearschairman speaker thehouseoflordsthehouseofcommons thetitleofnobility 公爵duke duchess侯爵marquis marchioness伯爵earl count countess子爵viscount viscountess男爵baron baroness lrolesc receivingnosalarybutenjoyasmallallowancenon electedfewattendingtheparliamentsittingsrepresentingtheirowninterest receivingsalaryelectedrepresentingthepublicinterestoftheelectoratemostmpsbelongtoaparticularparty theupperhousereformsreducethenumberofseatsfrom705to666 mar 1 2004 finalcourtofappeal supremecourt thehouseoflordsmeetsinalavishlydecoratedchamberinthepalaceofwestminster whatgoesoninthehouse threemajorfunctionstopasslaws billsandactsofparliamenttoscrutinize criticizeandrestraintheactionsofthegovernmenttoinfluencethefuturegovernmentpolicy 646membersofparliament knownas mps forshort whorepresentthe646geographicalareas constituencies thehouseofcommons makingnewlaws through3 readings theexecutive theprimeminister privycouncil theprimeminister theprimeminister powerfulleadertheleaderofthemajoritypartyheadofthegovernmentdecidesministers ministerofdefense theforeignsecretary andthechancelloroftheexchequer reorganizethegovernmentofficialresidence no 10downingstreet supremedecision makingbody1 whopresidesoverthecabinet theprimeminister 2 whocomposethecabinet themostseniorministerscomposethecabinet 3 whatprincipledoesthecabinetfollowindecisionmaking ministersareresponsiblecollectivelytoparliamentforallcabinetdecisions thecabinet thecabinet meetsweeklyatno 10downingstreetcollectiveresponsibility resignation ministersresponsible accountable fortheirparticulardepartmenttheofficialopposition shadowcabinet thelargestminoritypartyinthehouseofcommons privycouncil枢密院 abodyofadvisors theking sadvisoryinstitutioninhistory currentandformercabinetmembersandimportantpublicfiguresitsmaindutyistogiveadvice governmentdepartment thecivilservice ministerialresponsibilityscottishofficeministerforscottishaffairstheministryofdefenseministerofdefensethetreasurychancelloroftheexchequer civilservants 1 civilservantsarerecruitedmainlybycompetitiveexamination 2 changeofgovernmentdonotinvolvechangesindepartmentstaff whocontinuetocarryoutthedutieswhicheverpartisinpower governmentdepartment thecivilservice twobranchesoflawcivillaw definesandenforcesthedutiesorobligationsofpersonstooneanothercriminallaw definesandenforcestheobligationsofpersonstosocietyasawhole englishjudges thejudiciary thecourtsystem civilbranch criminalbranch thejudiciary lordchancellor kennethclarke criminalproceedings trialsbyjurywhatdoyouknowaboutthejurysysteminuk 1 whatistheroleofthejury incriminaltrialsbyjury thejudgepassessentence butthejurydecidestheissueofguiltyorinnocence 2 whomakesupofthejuryandhowisthejuryformed a ordinary independentcitizenssummonedbythecourt 12inengland walesandnorthernireland and15inscotland b peoplebetweentheageof18and70 65inscotland whosenamesappearontheelectoralregisterareliableforjuryserviceandtheirnamesarechosenatrandom thejurysystem 12ordinarypeopleaverdict lawyers barristerssolicitors police london smetropolitanpoliceforceisdirectlyunderthecontrolofhomesecretary scotlandyardbobby politicalparties theconservativeparty thelaborparty theliberaldemocrats overallintroduction whatarethemajorbritishpoliticalparties whoseinterestsdotheyrepresent comparativedescriptiononthetwomajorparties mainparties theconservativepartythelabourpartytheliberaldemacrats rightwingparty c vs l longerhistoryholdingmoretraditionalcapitalistideasemphasizesonprivateinterestsupper middleclassespolicies privatisation basedontradeunionsmiddle lowerclassestookpowerafterwwiipoliticalconception policy socialequality socialwelfare nationalisation leftwingparty margaretthatcher 1979 1990 theironladyprivatizedstate ownedindustriesandpromotedamorecompetitivespiritinbritain seconomyreducedoldagepensions shortenedtheperiodofunemploymentbenefits andcutchildbenefitscurbedthepowerofthetradeunions theconservativeparty recentprimeministersfromthelefttonyblair 1997 2006 thirdway madethebankofenglandindependent separatepoliticsandeconomicpolicy putanemphasisontheminimumwageandsupplementinglowincomes thelaborparty gordonbrown june27 2007 every5yearsconstituenciesvoteofnoconfidence election theprocedureofgeneralelections hungparliament inatwo partyparliamentarysystemofgovernment ahungparliamentoccurswhenneithermajorpoliticalpartyhasanabsolutemajorityofseatsintheparliament legislature oneorbothmainpartiesmayseektoformacoalitiongo