翻译1题库.doc

中国是一个农业大国，同时也是世界上农业发展历史最悠久的国家之一，水稻等主要农作物都起源于中国。中国各种农产品的产量增长很快，谷物、肉类、棉花、油菜（rape）、花生、水果的总产量均居世界第一位。秦岭淮河线，是南北地域分异的重要地理界线。秦岭淮河线以北的北方，作物多为旱作（dry crops），秦岭淮河线以南的南方，全年都有作物生长。China is a great agricultural country. It is also one of the countries with the longest history of agricultural development in the world. Crops like rice originate from China. The production of various crops in China has a high growth rate. The output of grains, meat, cotton, rape, peanuts and fruit rank first in the world. The Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River serve as an important demarcation line of north-south boundary in China. North to this line is the northern region which mainly grows dry crops. South to the line is the southern region which grows crops all year round. 长城以其宏伟的建筑和悠久的历史享誉世界，是世界七大奇观之一，1987年被联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）列为世界文化遗产。长城宛若一条巨龙，蜿蜒曲折，横跨沙漠、草原（grassland）、群山、高原（plateau），从东至西绵延约6700公里。长城是古代中国在不同时期为抵御塞北游牧（nomadic）民族侵袭而修筑的军事工程，体现了中国古代人民的智慧，也是中华民族坚毅、勤奋的象征。The Great Wall is internationally known for its magnificent architecture and long history. As one of the seven wonders in the world, it was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO in1987. Just like a huge dragon, the Great Wall winds up and down across deserts, grasslands, mountains and plateaus, stretching approximately 6700 kilometers from east to west. The Great Wall is a military project built to defend against northern nomadic invaders during different periods of time in ancient China. It embodies the wisdom of ancient Chinese people and serves as a symbol of their persistence and diligence as well. 中国方言（dialect）是汉语在不同地域的分支。它的形成是由于我国是一个地域辽阔(vast territory)、多民族、多文化的国家。汉语的方言非常复杂。方言之间的差异表现在发音、词汇、语法三个方面，其中语音方面的差异最明显。大体来说，北方方言和普通话（mandarin）很接近，而南方方言和普通话差异很大。尽管方言给不同地区的人们交际带来困扰，但它对保留本土的(indigenous)文化精神做出了贡献。Chinese dialects are branches of the Chinese language in different regions. Its formation is due to Chinas vast territory, varieties of nationalities and cultures. The dialects of the Chinese language are very complicated. Various dialects differ from each other in three aspects: pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. And the most prominent difference is in pronunciation. Generally speaking, most of northern dialects are similar to Mandarin, while southern dialects are vastly different from Mandarin. Although local dialects have brought much trouble in the communication of people in different areas, they have made contribution to retaining the indigenous culture. 几千年来，中国人民不但对诚实守信的美德大加赞赏，而且努力地身体力行。旧时中国店铺的门口，一般都写有“货真价实，童叟无欺”八个大字。这说明，中国自古在商品买卖中，就提倡诚实守信。人们在学习中也高度重视诚实守信，孔子（Confucius）早在2 000多年前就教育他的弟子（disciple），在学习中知道的就说知道，不知道的就说不知道。For thousands of years, the quality of integrity and credit has been honored and practiced diligently in China. In the past, there was always a sign at the entrance of the store, saying “genuine goods at a fair price, equally honest with aged and child customers”, which shows that during trade transactions since ancient times, it has been honorable to be honest. Integrity has also been highly valued in study. About 2 000 years ago, Confucius taught his disciples that when you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to admit that you do not know it. 中国的饮食文化博大精深(profound)。长期以来，各地由于物产、气候、生活习惯不同，渐渐形成了各具地方特色的菜系，其中最为著名的有鲁菜、川菜、淮扬菜、粤菜“四大菜系”（Grand Four Categories of Chinese Cuisine）。这些菜系的选料、口味、烹饪方法各有不同。一般说来，中国北方寒冷，菜肴以浓厚、咸味为主；华东地区气候温和，菜肴则以甜味和咸味为主；西南地区多雨潮湿，菜肴多用麻辣。Chinese cuisine culture is profound. For a long time, owing to the difference in resources, climate, and living habit, many different cuisines unique to certain areas are gradually formed. The most renowned branches of Lu, Chuan, Huaiyang and Yue are called the “Grand Four Categories of Chinese Cuisine”. In these cuisines, the ingredients, tastes, cooking methods differ from each other. Generally speaking, in the cold northern areas, dishes taste strong and salty; in the southeastern areas with mild climate, the dishes are mainly sweet and salty; in southwestern areas with rainy and damp climate, the dishes tend to be spicy. 书法是中国传统的汉字书写艺术，经过千百年的创作和发展，已成为一门风格独特的艺术。中国历史上出现了许多著名的书法家，如：王羲之、欧阳询、颜真卿、柳公权、赵孟頫等。他们经过多年的勤学苦练，形成了不同的风格和流派，使中国的书法艺术达到了很高的水平。书法的书写工具，是被人们称为“文房四宝”（“Four Treasures of the Study”）的笔、墨、纸、砚。Calligraphy is the traditional art of writing Chinese characters. After centuries of production and evolution, calligraphy has become a unique form of art. There have been many famous calligraphers, such as Wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and Zhao Mengfu, to name but a few. After years of hard practice, each had formed a unique calligraphic style, elevating the Chinese calligraphy to a higher level. Chinese brush, ink stick, paper and ink stone are the necessary tools and materials for writing and painting and have always been named collectively as the “Four Treasures of the Study”.佛教（Buddhism）发源于古印度，早在汉代（the Han Dynasty）就已经传入中国。佛教在中国的发展过程中不断中国化，逐渐发展成中国的重要宗教之一，深刻影响中国人思想和生活习惯。佛教中国化的重要时期是在隋唐时期（the Sui and Tang dynasties），在这一时期随着国家的统一、经济的发展和文化交流的日益频繁，佛学获得了空前的繁荣发展。Buddhism originated from ancient India and had been introduced to China as early as the Han Dynasty. During its development in China, Buddhism constantly adapted itself to the local context in China so as to gradually become one of the most important religions in China and to deeply influence the thoughts and living habits of Chinese. The localization of Buddhism in China was most significant in the Sui and Tang dynasties. During this period, with the unity of the country, the development of the economy and the more and more frequent cultural exchanges, Buddhism gained unprecedented development. 北京四合院（the Beijing courtyard houses）是典型的老北京民居，有着悠久的历史。在汉语里，它被称为“四合院”（Siheyuan）。这里“四”指东、西、南、北四面。整个词指院子四面都建有房屋。由于其特殊布局，它也被比作中间有花园的盒子。因为四合院只有一个门通向胡同，所以当门关闭时它与外界隔离开来。因此，一家人可以充分享受宁静，共享家庭团聚的幸福。 Being a typical ancient Beijings residence, the Beijing courtyard houses have a long history. It is called “Siheyuan” in Chinese. Here “Si” means “Four”, which refers to the four sides: east, west, north and south. The term “Siheyuan” refers to acourtyardsurrounded by buildings onall four sides. Due to its special layout, it is also compared to a box with a garden in the center. There is only one gate leading to a hutong, so when the gate is closed it loses touch with the outside world. Therefore family members can fully enjoy tranquility and share the happiness of a family union.端午节（the Dragon Boat Festival）据说源于战国时期（the Warring States period），据现在有2000多年的悠久历史。关于它的起源有很多传说，其中最为人熟知的版本跟屈原有关。屈原是战国时期楚国（the state of Chu）的诗人和政客，当他听说楚国被秦国（the state of Qin）打败后，投河自杀。在这个日子里，人们举办很多活动来纪念屈原，例如举行龙舟赛、吃粽子、系五彩丝线等等。The Dragon Boat Festival, with a long history of more than 2,000 years, is believed to have originated during the Warring States period. A number of legends attempt to explain its origins. The best-known story is the legend of Qu Yuan, a poet and statesman of the state of Chu during the Warring States period. When Qu Yuan learned that Chu was conquered by the state of Qin, he committed suicide by drowning himself in a river. Many traditional activities are held on this special day to commemorate Qu Yuan. Among these customs are dragon boat racing, eating zongzi, tying five-colour silk thread, etc.中国