初中形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳.doc

形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 规则变化单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加-er , -est原级比较级最高级talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest特别提醒：以-y,-er, -ow, le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er和est。如：healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。以不发音的e结尾只加-r，-st原级比较级最高级nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i，再加-er, -est原级比较级最高级easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiest以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词（即重读闭音节词），双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est原级比较级最高级slimslimmerslimmestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestbigbiggerbiggest特别提醒：new, few, slow, clean等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写。大部分双音节词和多音节的词(即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词)，要在前面加 more，most原级比较级最高级beautiful more beautifulmost beautifulimportantmore importantmost importantinterestingmore interesting most interesting expensivemore expensive most expensivepopularmore popularmost popular特别提醒：以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest 以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more，most原级比较级最高级slowlymore slowly most slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyangrilymore angrily most angrilysoftly more softly most softlynoisilymore noisily most noisily特别提醒：early -earlier-earliest由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如knowknown)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。原级比较级最高级interestingmore interestingmost interestingexcited more excitedmost excitingtiredmore tired mosttiredboringmore boringmost boring不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest特别提醒：further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。elder仅用于同辈之间的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐)elder brother (哥哥)less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。少数单音节词前面加 more, most 构成比较级和最高级，这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词。afraid - more afraid, most afraidtired - more tired , most tired fond - more fond , most f