基于8031-单片机的步进电机控制器的设计开题报告

management systems and measures established by, and a number of pragmatic, combined part-time workforce education information, the protection of the digital campus construction and sustainable development. Six Bureau attaches great importance to information technology security, information technology security, entrust XX City Center for educational information and equipment dedicated to the work. Network security leading group was set up, chaired by the Education Bureau Chief, head, for XX education Metro-network and information security emergency response leadership. Deputy group leader for XX educational metropolitan area network and information security emergency response coordination, command. The team assist leader and deputy leader, responsible for network XX network security and information . Team. Information security work Conference held each semester, and deployment of information security of documents issued on a regular basis. Information security assessment is included in the annual index. Strictly implement the information security budget to ensure information security of investment. By XX, education information and equipment Centre XX network network security and information security. According to the information technology security requirements, issued a document requires schools (units) implement, defined the information security guidelines, specific work practices, procedures, and requirements. Clear industry information security incidents (accidents) to detect, report and disposal processes. According to self-examination, the school (units) basic established has network security management system; the school (units) according to this units actual, established has units personnel management, information system room management, and equipment management, and media management, and network security construction management, and shipped dimension management, and service outsourcing, management system; developed has computer and the network of network security responsibility held system, signed has network security responsibility; website of information management personnel is responsible for confidential management, password management, on computer enjoys independent right, User name and password of the computer for its proprietary, and release of provisions is prohibited, such as leaks, investigated for responsibility. According to who is in charge of whos in charge, who is running and who is responsible for, who uses principles of who is in charge of management schools (units) defined the roles and responsibilities of information security, assurance responsibilities to schools. XX city schools (units) total site 20, 19 of which were not classified security protection assessment, of which 1 (XX education and resource network) for classified security protection levels, without third-level information systems. Total education information systems 1 (XX education cloud platform), contains features with e-Government, resource library, test database, mail services, such as e-books, all intranet services. No for grade protection grading record and evaluation of school (units), requirements the school (units) according to information security grade protection about policy and standard, organization carried out information security grade protection security management system construction, and technology measures construction and grade evaluation, implementation grade protection system of the requirements, makes information system security management level obviouslyfacility up to 160 million Yuan, according to the standard, high quality planning XX educational metropolitan area network realizes Wan Zhaokuan to schools, hundreds of megabytes of broadband to the table, wire (ie: Web, video, audio) to the target, electronic whiteboards, multimedia classrooms, remote interactive video teaching system of modern educational equipment in the classroom. . With Intel company on XX Education City domain network of topic case design, relies on Cisco company thought Shu aid chuan project staff free provides has three years technology support, from 2009 began, according to high standards, and high of work thought, and manpower planning, and points step implementation, using school earthquake Hou reconstruction of opportunities, again planning elementary and middle schools campus network and education city domain network, and local broadcasting network company cooperation, using broadcast TV network, will physical fiber laying to each school, to minimum of cost achieved has physical fiber school school pass; Each school construction standards of campus network and network access to all rooms; XX education metropolitan area network center machine room equipment in the Ministry of education standardization management platform, the Central Library of audio-visual education resources, set up a Chinese teacher education cloud platform, implemented links the two platforms. At present, the citys primary and middle school students to computer 3198, vitality than 10:1; 809 equipment classes through the classroom (primary and secondary); 36 of the campus network. The establishment of an advanced, practical Gigabit educational metropolitan area network, the citys schools have access to educational metropolitan area network, schools have computer networks, closed-circuit television network, broadcast networks into the classrooms, realize the triple play. Schools share Internet bandwidth, can meet the needs of teaching of the school office and at any time. According to Ministry of education on full started implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project of notification (taught technical letter (2012) 74th,) and XX Province Department of education on issued XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project implementation views of notification (chuan taught letter (2013) 18th,) requirements, I city 6 a teaching points implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project, combined I city specific situation, developed issued has XX City Bureau on teaching points digital resources full cover project of implementation programme, Established XX, full coverage of digital resources in modern distance education teaching project leading group, XX, chaired the Secretary for education. Established, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, XX full coverage project group, XX, Director of the Center for educational information and equipment chaired Zhu Guiyan, responsible for distance education digital resources covering project work. Projects in XX city school digital resources in modern distance education teaching full-coverage project leading group, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, and XX full coverage project group leadership and organization, in accordance with the unified arrangement of the whole province, responsible for university education digital resources covering project management and implementation. According to provinces arrangements, I Center has arrangements Gong题目类型（打选择）设计（ ）论文（ ）一、文献综述 步进电机最早是在1920年由英国人所开发。1950年后期晶体管的发明也逐渐应用在步进电机上，这对于数字化的控制变得更为容易。以后经过不断改良，使得今日步进电机已广泛运用在需要高定位精度、高分解性能、高响应性、信赖性等灵活控制性高的机械系统中。在生产过程中要求自动化、省人力、效率高的机器中，我们很容易发现步进电机的踪迹，尤其以重视速度、位置控制、需要精确操作各项指令动作的灵活控制性场合步进电机用得最多。步进电机作为执行元件，是机电一体化的关键产品之一, 广泛应用在各种自动化控制系统中。随着微电子和计算机技术的发展，步进电机的需求量与日俱增，在各个国民经济领域都有应用。步进电机是将电脉冲信号变换成角位移或直线位移的执行部件。步进电机可以直接用数字信号驱动，使用非常方便。一般电动机都是连续转动的，而步进电动机则有定位和运转两种基本状态，当有脉冲输入时步进电动机一步一步地转动，每给它一个脉冲信号，它就转过一定的角度。步进电动机的角位移量和输入脉冲的个数严格成正比，在时间上与输入脉冲同步，因此只要控制输入脉冲的数量、频率及电动机绕组通电的相序，便可获得所需的转角、转速及转动方向。在没有脉冲输入时，在绕组电源的激励下气隙磁场能使转子保持原有位置处于定位状态。因此非常适合于单片机控制。步进电机还具有快速启动、精确步进和定位等特点，因而在数控机床，绘图仪，打印机以及光学仪器中得到广泛的应用。步进电动机已成为除直流电动机和交流电动机以外的第三类电动机。传统电动机作为机电能量转换装置，在人类的生产和生活进入电气化过程中起着关键的作用。步进电机可以作为一种控制用的特种电机，利用其没有积累误差(精度为100%)的特点，广泛应用于各种开环控制。现在比较常用的步进电机包括反应式步进电机（VR）、永磁式步进电机（PM）、混合式步进电机（HB）和单相式步进电机等。永磁式步进电机一般为两相，转矩和体积较小，步进角一般为7.5度 或15度；反应式步进电机一般为三相，可实现大转矩输出，步进角一般为1.5度， 但噪声和振动都很大。反应式步进电机的转子磁路由软磁材料制成，定子上有多相励磁绕组，利用磁导的变化产生转矩。混合式步进电机是指混合了永磁式和反应式的优点。它又分为两相和五相：两相步进角一般为1.8度而五相步进角一般为 0.72度。这种步进电机的应用最为广泛，也是本次细分驱动方案所选用的步进电机。二、设计（论文）主要内容 步进电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元件。在非超载的情况下，电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉冲数，而不受负载变化的影响，即给电机加一个脉冲信号，电机则转过一个步距角。这一线性关系的存在，加上步进电机只有周期性的误差而无累积误差等特点。使得在速度、位置等控制领域用步进电机来控制变的非常的简单。步进电机的调速一般是改变输入步进电机的脉冲的频率来实现步进电机的调速，因为步进电机每给一个脉冲就转动一个固定的角度，这样就可以通过控制步进电机的一个脉冲到下一个脉冲的时间间隔来改变脉冲的频率，延时的长短来具体控制步进角来改变电机的转速，从而实现步进电机的调速。在本设计方案中采用8031型单片机内部的定时器改变CP脉冲的频率从而实现对步进电机的转速进行控制，实现电机调速与正反转的功能。三、设计（研究）方案首先，控制方式的确定：步进电机控制虽然比较精确的，步进电机开环控制系统具有成本低、简单、控制方便等优点。系统可用两种办法实现步进电机的速度控制。一种是延时，一种是定时。其次，驱动方式的确定：并于步进电机的驱动一般有两种方法，一种是通过CPU直接来驱动，另一种是通过CPU间接来驱动。在这里我们选择后一种。第三，驱动电路的选择：步进电机的驱动电机有多种，但最为常用的就是单电压驱动、双电压驱动、斩波驱动、细分控制驱动等。本课题对步进电机的精度要求比较高转速的调节范围比较广，固应选用驱动芯片8713来驱动，并通过软件来实现步进电机的调速。第四，基本方案的确定：选用三相三拍步进电机，单片机选用8031作为控制器。选取用8279来驱动显示和键盘。选用8713作为步进电机的驱动芯片并通过光电耦合来驱动步进电机。然后由于步进电机同轴的光电编码器作为反馈元件，并把反馈回的信号经CPU处理后再由显示器显示出来。但由键盘输入的速度数值了得通过显示器来显示，固本次设计要两排显示，一排来显示给定的转速一排来显示实际的转速。第五，硬件电路的设计：CPU采用8031作为步进电机的控制芯片；步进电机的应选用三相三拍的步进电机；显示电路的用8279芯片来驱动，8279芯片分别接两排显示器，每排为4位显示，分别用来显示步进电机的实际转速与给定转速；键盘的连接一般有两种方式，一种是独立式键盘；一种是行列式键盘，本次设计一共用9个键因此采用行列式键盘；显示电路选用两排LED显示，每排分别为四位，能满足设计的要求，转速范围为0至1000；反馈电路应选用光电编码器作为反馈元件，光电编码器与步进电机是同轴的输出经过放大送到计算机，并通过显示器显示出步进电机的实际转速；电源电路用了+5V、+12V电源，采用的是78系列的集成固定三端稳压管；由于系统中不可避免会从外界引入干扰，影响系统的控制精度，使系统的稳定性变差，故采用了硬件和软件抗干扰措施；看门狗电路能够使“跑飞”或进入“死循环”的程序自动恢复，重新正常工作，这里采用MAX813L。第六，算法的设计：PID 控制与模糊控制是两种常用的控制方法,但它们还存在一些不足,如一般PID 控制容易产生超调、模糊控制的稳态精度不高,在这两种控制方法基础上进行改进,可产生多种更好的控制方法。本课题采用的复合PID 控制算法和带动态补偿的模糊控制算法克服了以上缺陷,取得了较好的实验效果。第七，软件的设计：包括显示子程序、键盘子程序、驱动程序、正反转程序、转速快慢程序、以及定时中断程序。四、工作进度安排5、25、6 搜集资料，了解步进电机控制系统的发展过程，掌握步进电机控制系统的各方案并对各种方案给以比较（定性分析），论证设计方案，确定设计方案。 5、95、13 掌握8051单片机的结构与工作原理，学习汇编语言及软件设计方法，并能够针对设计要求编写软件子系统。5、165、20 掌握步进电机的结构与工作原理，转速的调节方法。5、235、27 将被控制对象与控制装置结合构成控制的硬件子系统，在实验室进行上机调试并对所设计的软件子系统进行验证。5、306、3 毕业设计说明书的录入，编辑，整理。6、66、10 毕业设计说明书的装订，准备答辨，答辨。五、主要参考文献1 王晓明.电动机的单片机控制（第二版）.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,20072 高吉祥.模拟电子线路设计.北京:电子工业出版社,20073 张大明.单片机控制实训指导及综合应用M.北京: 机械工业出版社,20074 刘保言等编.步进电机及其驱动控制系统M.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出社,19975 穆兰主编.单片微型机算机原理及接口技术.北京:机械工业出版社,20066 刘文涛.单片机应用开发实例.北京:清华大学出版社,20057 刘同法,陈忠平编著.单片机基础与最小系统实践.北京:北京航空航天出版社,20078 孙余凯等编著.常用集成电路实用手册.北京:电子工业出版社,20059 王新贤主编.通用集成电路速查手册.济南:山东科学技术出版社,2002（2006重印）10 苗江静编.单片机控制系统中步进电机接口电路的设计J.山东理工大学学报,200011 彭为,黄科,雷道仲编著.单片机典型系统设计实例精讲.北京:电子工业出版社,2006六、指导教师意见签字： 年 月 日 七、系毕业设计（ 论文）工作领导小组意见 签字： 年 月 日消火栓给水系统和自动喷淋给水系统由设在地下二层的消火栓给水泵和自动喷淋给水泵经消防水池到消防给水泵，再向大楼各层消火栓和喷淋管网供水。同时消火栓给水系统和自动喷淋给水系统管网均与屋顶设置的生活、消防共用水箱相连、并通过屋顶设置的消防稳压设备进行稳压。improve, security prevention capacity obviously enhanced, security hidden and security accident obviously reduced, effective guarantees information health development. XX Education Centre regularly carry out day-to-day network security monitoring information and equipment. By the appropriate technical staff, XX network engine room maintenance staff on site management and maintenance on a regular basis, scheduled viewing of networks, systems, databases and associated equipment operating conditions, and make a record. Computer lab maintenance managers regularly run a variety of devices in the school information system parameters, server systems and various data backup, so that there was a hardware failure in a system crash can resume quickly and efficiently. Computer lab maintenance managers establish a network antivirus system, Avira Virus system on a regular basis, and anti-virus software security assessment, time to upgrade. Computer lab maintenance management for all equipment in the room a regular dust, replace the old label. Regularly host servers, network switches, core routing, firewalls, hardware maintenance, such as equipment failure, should be processed in a timely manner in order to ensure safe and reliable operation of the system. In XX city information and equipment was established within the Centre, educational metropolitan area network center machine room XX. Servers and data stores and applications to set up in XX City metropolitan area network center machine room. WindowsServer2003, windowsServer2008, windowsServer2012, Linux, the operating system, the database for SQL Server2008, Office software, such as Microsoft Office software. Schools (units) of computer, information system security products for domestic products, including the use of 360 and kingsoft Internet security software. XX education metropolitan area network used by the server for HP, firewall and information security product for Huawei and Cisco products. In their daily work, to publicize related knowledge and information security considerations. Enhanced global awareness of network and information security, and strive to achieve network everyone knows security and virus before the guard, to improve network and information security, ensure that the XX education system network and information system security. Tracking reporting system requires all parties to strengthen collaboration, work closely with emergency safety plan developed XX education metropolitan area network, regularly carry out emergency drills, and carried out special funds every year to protect the security of information. Annual 2-3 professional training for network managers in the city, forming technology with a strong professional and technical team, school network managers on common network failures and be capable of solving security issues. Issues that cannot be resolved, timely forms of meetings, such as meetings, analysis, and solutions through a meeting, without rolling up the ability to solve problems, and feedback to superiors in writing departments to resolve. Through self-examination, we are well aware, relative lack of investment in education, facilities and equipment for further updates, education development is still uneven, new education concepts need to be further enhanced to some extent and restricting the development of city education. We will take the opportunity of government supervision, to strive for the province education demonstration counties as a driving force, further increase input in education, efforts to promote thelong wing, and Li Wanfu, and Michael Jenkins, and Chen Jian, and Song and xiaochuanyun, 7 bit comrade participate in province backbone face-to-face or network learning, do each teaching points are has teachers participate in training, October 17, 2013, issued XX city education information and equipment Center on requirements the teaching points school for good satellite ground station installation prepared of notification, requirements school related management personnel familiar XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project construction management manual, Particularly with regard to installation preparation parts according to the point of XX province full coverage of digital educational resources in the project construction management manual . Devices are able to receive TV signals and IP data, the schools have school training and school-based application to use good. Actively organize implementation of a division of a class, a teacher in one class activity. XX in XX city first to complete full registration of teachers working in this city, XX, Sun class rate of 54 per cent respectively, the forefront. In XX, a division of a class, a class a total ranked first in Division activities, was awarded the national ministerial one, 2 provincial second prize, third prize at the provincial level 3. Actively organize implementation of the e-learning space the work of everyone. At present, in the open space of public service platform of provincial educational resources teachers number 2444, 83 to the total number of teachers, student number is 6569 of the open space, the citys total students 18.31 to (junior high school students in 30 above, students not required), registration number to meet the requirements of te