商业英语词汇.doc

商业英语词汇 - 第一期 earning per share 每股盈利(EPS)A calculation of a companys financial condition in which annual earnings are divided by the total number of stock shares issued (also, EPS)Examples: A prudent stock market investor always checks a companys EPS before investing in the companys stock.谨慎的股市投资者在投资一家公司的股票前总是会先查看这家公司的每股盈利。merit pay 绩效评估系统A system for the evaluation of employees performance that provides financial rewards for the achievement of predetermined individual goalsExample: When XYZ Company adopted a merit pay system, employees who worked harder were able to be paid for their contribution to the success of the company.XYZ公司采用绩效评估系统后，工作更努力的员工就可以根据他们对公司的贡献获取报酬。across-the-board 一视同仁的Influencing or affecting everyone equallyExample: The company adopts an across-the-board policy on employees annual outing, regardless of their positions or seniority.公司采取一视同仁的员工年度郊游政策，不管职位或资历如何。dime-a-dozen 便宜的、普通的Common, cheap, nothing special (adjective phrase)Example: Our products were special, and so our customers loved them, while our competitors merely produced dime-a-dozen products that looked poorly designed and unreliable.我们的产品很特别，因此深受顾客的喜爱，而我们的竞争对手只生产看上去设计较差，无法信赖的便宜货。do things by the book 严格按规矩办事To do anything in the proper, exact way it is to be doneExample: The new CEO wants everything done by the book so now all employees must be on time, dress well, and make daily reports to their managers.新的首席执行官希望每件事按规矩做，因此现在所有员工都必须准时上班，着装得体，并且每天向经理汇报工作。商业英语词汇 - 第二期close the books 结帐The accounting activities that occur at the end of a period, usually a year or month, in order to prepare the financial statements Example: Our accounting department worked quite late last night closing the books for this month.我们的会计部门昨晚为结清本月的帐目工作到很晚。waiver 放弃(名词)(noun) An exemption or a release; permission not to do something normally requiredExample: We requested a waiver from responsibility for damages to our products sent by sea during typhoon season.对于在台风季节海运我们的产品所造成的损坏, 我们要求免于负责。viable 可行的(adjective) Capable of working, succeeding or developing in a positive way Example: We need a viable program for training young, unskilled workers quickly and cheaply.我们需要一个迅速并经济地培训年轻的不熟练工人的可行计划。span of management 管理的员工或部门的数量Common, cheap, nothing special (adjective phrase)Example: Six employees is the optimal span of management in many traditional corporations; increasing the span of management will hurt efficiency.在许多传统的公司里, 六名员工是最理想的团队组合; 增加管理的人数将会影响效率。to have an issue 有疑问的谨慎委婉的表达方式An overly cautious, somewhat euphemistic expression meaning to have a problemExample: At our planning meeting this morning the chief accountant said he had an issue about the new marketing program, so we knew nothing would be decided or move forward today.在今年早上的规划会上, 首席会计师说他对新营销计划有疑问, 因此我们知道今天不会有任何决定或进展。商业英语词汇 - 第三期resilience 从不良状态中恢复的能力 (名词)(noun) The ability to return or recover from negative experiencesExample: Despite the economic difficulties of recent years, our company has shown great resilience and we have been able to learn from our mistakes while profiting from our challenges.虽然近年来经济不景气, 我们公司还是显示出了良好的适应力. 我们能从错误中吸取教训, 并且从挑战中得益。rigorous 严厉的, 严格的(形容词)(adjective) Strict; strenuous; detailedExample:The young companys rigorous attention to generally accepted accounting practices impressed potential investors who could easily assess the companys potential.这家新公司严格遵守通用会计准则的做法给潜在的投资者留下了深刻的印象, 他们可以轻而易举地评估公司的潜力。whereas 1. 虽然， 但是（连词，正式用法） 2. 鉴于（用于法律文件开头）1. FORMAL although; while on the contrary Example: Mr. Jones thinks we should seek additional financing and expand our inventory, whereas Mr. Smith thinks we should not incur additional debt at this time.琼斯先生认为我们应该寻求更多的融资并扩充库存, 而史密斯先生则认为我们目前不应该背负更多的债务。2. FORMAL since (used to start a legal document); in view of the factExample: The contract began with the words Whereas the XYZ company seeks to acquire the ABC company. and continued by describing the terms of the acquisition in detail.合同以“鉴于XYZ公司寻求收购ABC公司.开头, 接下来详细描述了收购的条件。to start the ball rolling 开始新的讨论或调查To begin a new discussion, venture, or inquiry, especially one that may later involve a long and complicated process Example: Although he knew the merger agreement with our competitor would take many months, our company president decided to contact our rival and start the ball rolling.尽管我们的公司总裁知道与竞争对手签署合并协议的过程会历时数月, 他还是决定与对手联系, 开始讨论相关事宜。to get a picture 大致理解 (俚语)SLANG to understand the general idea of somethingExample: When the problem occurred, the smart young manager spoke with her office staff for a couple minutes, immediately got the picture and started to take appropriate actions.当问题出现时, 聪明的年轻经理和她的员工们交谈了几分钟, 立即就了解了大致情况, 并开始采取适当的措施。商业英语词汇 - 第四期摘自财富中文版retrofit 翻新 (动词)(verb) To remodel or te equip older machiner, buildings or systems with new, modern equipment so they will function as well as present-day onesExample: We learned that it was more expensive than we thought to retrofit our old production facility with new equipment and retrain our employees to operate it.我们发现用新设备改造旧生产厂以及对员工进行再培训的花费比我们预先想象的要昂贵。contravene 反对(动词)(verb) To oppose; to go againstExample: The company officials feared that the corrupt accountant might destroy company records, an act which would contravene policy.公司的管理者担心腐败的会计会毁掉公司记录， 而这一做法与公司的政策相抵触。as plain as day 明显， 无疑Obvious; unmistakeableExample: When the new employee started to speak with customers, his natural abilities as a sales man were as plain as day.当新员工开始与顾客谈话时， 他作为推销员的本能充分显露出来。to be stressed out 由于压力和忧虑导致疲倦、急躁To be exhausted and irritated by tension and anxietyExample: After three monhts of working under pressure seven days a week and getting little sleep, we were rather stressed out and started quarreling with each other.由于连续三个月每周在压力下工作七天以及睡眠严重不足， 我们变得相当疲倦和急躁， 开始互相争吵。to suffer financial reverses 大幅亏损 (正式用法)FORMAL to lose money, especailly to lose large amounts of money in many different aspects of ones business activitiesExample: Teh formerly wealth old family had suffered financial reverses due to bad investments and the dismal economic conditions of the local economy.那个曾经富有的古老家族由于投资失败以及当地的经济不景气而遭受了重大的财务损失。商业英语词汇 - 第五期- 摘自财富中文版a meeting of the minds 达成共识(短语)A phrase referring to agreement, especially a mutual understanding that has been achieved between two or more parties to a legal contract, joint ventures, or solution to a common problem (NOTE: requires the article a)Example: The Chinese firm and its Swedish partner company had many conflicting differences of opinion, but the managers of both companies worked together to achieve a meeting of the minds, and the joint venture project started successfully. 这家中国公司和它的瑞典合作伙伴在许多观点上相互冲突, 但是两家公司的经理经过共同协商达成共识, 从而使合资企业项目开始成功地运作起来。price leader 决定价格的公司A company that dominates a large enough share of a market to be a major factor in the pricing of goods and services in that market.Example: As a price leader with sixty percent of the television market, the giant electronics company tired to set prices according to its own internal needs, rather than market demand. 由于这家大型电子产品公司占有电视机市场60%份额， 是决定市场价格的大户， 它努力根据内部需求而不是市场需求定价。on a day-to-day basis 暂时打算An expression meaning daily, used only to describe a procedure or agreement that may be changes or stopped tomorrow.Example: Because they had so little money, they had to operate our business on a day-to-day basis. 因为钱很少， 这家公司在运营上只能走一步看一步。to make a name for oneself 出名To become well-known or famous in an area such as ones work, usually as a result of serious effort.Example: After ten years as a consultant in a big consulting company, she had made a name for herself and decided to start her own consulting firm.在一家大型咨询公司做了十年咨询师后， 她已经颇有名气， 于是她决定自己开一家咨询公司。white collar crime 白领犯罪Illegal act or acts committed by business executives or professionals. Example: Mild penalties, poor enforcement and the difficulties of identifying illegal actions have contributed to the growth of white collar crime in recent years. 处罚不严、执法不力以及难于认定违法行为造成了近来白领犯罪率的上升。商业英语词汇 - 第六期- 摘自财富中文版quality circle 负责提高质量的团队A small group of workers who meet regularly to discuss improvements in the quality of their work.Example: The ten people in our departments quality circle met last Tuesday as usual and developed a new way of handling several common problems.上星期二， 我们质量部门的十名工作人员同往常一样会面， 找到了解决几种常见问题的新方法。to mount up 增加To increase greatly.Example: The new project was bigger and more expensive than we had first thought, and the boss looked worried when our expenses started to mount up.新的项目比原来预想的规模要大得多、花费也高得多。 老板看到费用不断增加， 忧心忡忡。 to take out insurance against something 上保险To buy an insurance policy for financial protection in case of a possible future problem.Example: Because our warehouse was near the river, we decided to take out insurance against floods.因为我们的仓库靠近河流， 我们决定上洪涝险。sundry 各式各样的（形容词）(adjective) Describing various unimportant, miscellaneous items of little value.Example: In planning our yearly budget we allowed a five per cent margin for sundry expenses that could not be predicted.在计划年度预算时， 我们为不可预知的各项支出留出5%的余地。divulge 泄露 （动词， 正式用语）(verb) FORMAL to reveal openly something that previously was hidden; to discloseExample: The inventor refused to divulge his method for making the secret chemical compound.发明者拒绝泄露他合成这种神秘化合物的方法。商业英语词汇 - 第七期在日常工作中, 你经常会遇到一些ABB专用的词汇或缩写, 清晰、准确地掌握这些词汇的内容, 有助于你的工作。 自本期开始, 商业英语词汇栏目将分五期，分别介绍一些与大家工作密切相关的ABB专用词汇或缩写。 ABB公司词汇 （第一部分） Automation Technologies 自动化技术总部 (AT)Control Platform & Enterprise Products ( ATCE)控制平台及企业产品部Drives, Motors & Machines (ATDM)传动及电动机部Low Voltage Products & Instrumentation (ATLV)低压产品及仪器仪表部Petroleum, Chemical & Consumer Industries (ATPC)石油, 化工及消费工业部Paper, Minerals, Marine & Turbocharger (ATPM)造纸, 金属, 船舶系统及涡轮增器部Robotics, Automotive & Manufacturing Industries (ATRM)机器人, 汽车及制造工业部Power Technologies 电力技术总部 (PT)High Voltage Products (PTHV)高压设备部Power Systems (PTPS)电力系统部Utility Automation Systems (PTUA)公用事业自动化系统部Distribution Transformers (PTDT)配电变压器部Power Transformers (PTPT)电力变压器部Medium Voltage Products (PTMV)中压设备部商业英语词汇 - 第八期在日常工作中, 你经常会遇到一些ABB专用的词汇或缩写, 清晰、准确地掌握这些词汇的内容, 有助于你的工作。 自第七期开始, 商业英语词汇栏目将分五期，分别介绍一些与大家工作密切相关的ABB专用词汇或缩写。 ABB公司词汇 (第二部分)- ABB在中国生产制造公司名称及缩写词汇Power Technologies 电力技术部 (PT) 北京ABB贝利控制有限公司 ABB Bailey Beijing Controls Co., Ltd. (CNBBC) 北京ABB高压开关设备有限公司 ABB High Voltage Switchgear Co., Ltd., Beijing (CNTHB) 厦门ABB华电高压开关有限公司 ABB Huadian High Voltage Switchgear (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. (CNHHS) 厦门ABB开关有限公司 ABB Xiamen Switchgear Co., Ltd. (CNDMX) 厦门ABB电器控制设备有限公司 ABB Xiamen Electrical Controlgear Co., Ltd. (CNXEC) 上海ABB变压器有限公司 ABB Shanghai Transformer Co., Ltd. (CNTDS) 西安ABB电力电容器有限公司 ABB Xian Power Capacitor Co., Ltd. (CNTXC) 合肥ABB变压器有限公司 ABB Hefei Transformer Co., Ltd. (CNTPH) ABB配电变压器(合肥)有限公司 ABB Distribution Transformer (Hefei) Limited (CNDIS) 重庆ABB变压器有限公司 ABB Chongqing Transformer Co., Ltd. (CNCTC) 中山ABB变压器有限公司 ABB Zhongshan Transformer Co., Ltd. (CNZTC) Automation Technologies 自动化技术部 (AT) 北京ABB低压电器有限公司 ABB LV Installation Materials Co., Ltd., Beijing (CNIIB) 北京ABB电气传动系统有限公司 ABB Beijing Drive Systems Co., Ltd. (CNIAB) ABB跃进电机有限公司 ABB Yuejin Motors (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (CNMOT) 厦门ABB低压电器设备有限公司 ABB Xiamen Low Voltage Equipment Co., Ltd. (CNILX) 新会ABB低压开关有限公司 ABB Xinhui Low Voltage Switchgear Co., Ltd. (CNILG) 商业英语词汇 - 第九期在日常工作中, 你经常会遇到一些ABB专用的词汇或缩写, 清晰、准确地掌握这些词汇的内容, 有助于你的工作。 自第七期开始, 商业英语词汇栏目将分五期，分别介绍一些与大家工作密切相关的ABB专用词汇或缩写。 ABB公司词汇 (第三部分)执行委员会EC - Executive CommitteeABB 集团/总部管理层。业务领域BA - Business Area 在统一的管理下，一组紧密相关产品或服务的组合。负责相关产品和业务的全球管理。职责包括: 制定全球战略；全球业务的业绩和利润；研发和产品发展，包括国际协调和外部协议；集团内部市场划分方案；集团内部价格策略和各国家之间的价格协调；采购协调；产品和生产分配；设计、生产和质量等方面专业技术的转移。业务单位BU - Business Unit 从市场营销的角度，业务单位是业务领域的细分，例如：基于产品/分类，等。业务单位是业务领域的分区，大多由一名业务单位经理协调全球事务。在相对应的业务领域之中，业务单位的框架是：以市场为导向的计划、产品分配、设计协调、协调研发、预算和监控业务活动。当地业务单位BAU - Business Area Unit 在一个国家内的某一业务领域的当地运作单位。商业英语词汇 - 第十期在日常工作中, 你经常会遇到一些ABB专用的词汇或缩写, 清晰、准确地掌握这些词汇的内容, 有助于你的工作。 自第七期开始, 商业英语词汇栏目将分五期，分别介绍一些与大家工作密切相关的ABB专用词汇或缩写。 ABB公司词汇 (第四部分)_Channel partners 销售渠道伙伴:包括批发商、分销商、原装设备生产商、系统集成商和与ABB协作共同为客户服务的价值链中的其他成员。These include wholesalers, distributors, original equipment manufacturers, systems integrators and other members of the value chain that ABB collaborates with to serve its customers. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)企业资源计划: 业务管理系统，整合业务的各个方面，包括计划、生产、销售/营销和财务。大量的应用软件帮助业务经理完成企业资源计划。A business management system that integrates all facets of the business, including planning, manufacturing, sales/marketing and accounting. A number of software applications are available to help business managers implement ERP.Solution 解决方案: 针对回答客户的提问或解决他们问题的一个产品、系统、服务或三者的结合。通过与客户合作产生的解决方案涵盖商业、运作、技术、财务和社会关系的所有方面。许多公司正在寻找解决方案的提供者来接管那些若靠公司自身进行成本高昂的、以专业知识为基础的活动 - 这对ABB来说无疑是很好的机遇。A product, system, service or combination of all three aimed at answering customer questions or solving customer problems. Solutions are created through collaboration with the customer and span all aspects of the relationship: commercial, operational, technical, financial and social. Many companies are looking for solutions providers to take over some of the knowledge-based activities that are so costly to do in house - a big opportunity for ABB.Supply Chain Management 供应链管理: 对从供应商， 到生产商、批发商、 零售商， 最终到客户这整个过程当中的原料、信息和财务的管理。供应链管理涉及公司内部和公司之间的原料、信息和财务的协调和整合。通过与“上游”（与供应商）和“下游“（与客户）分享数据，一个公司可以适时改进营销时机，降低成本，从而使处于供应链中的所有伙伴能更好地管理现有资源和规划将来的需要。The management of materials, information and finances as they move from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows within and among companies. By sharing data upstream (with suppliers) and downstream (with customers), a company can improve time to market, reduce costs and allow all partners in the supply chain to better manage current resources and plan for future needs.Value chain 价值链： 为设计、生产、市场、交货和某一产品或服务提供的支持而必须进行的活动、业务过程和必须发挥的作用。ABB 为客户提供从电厂到业务系统、从供货商到客户的贯穿整个价值链的整体解决方案。The activities, functions and business processes that must be performed in order to design, produce, market, deliver and support a product or service. ABB offers its customers total solutions across the entire value chain, from the power plant through business systems, from suppliers to customers.商业英语词汇 - 第十一期在日常工作中, 你经常会遇到一些ABB专用的词汇或缩写, 清晰、准确地掌握这些词汇的内容, 有助于你的工作。 自第七期开始, 商业英语词汇栏目将分五期，分别介绍一些与大家工作密切相关的ABB专用词汇或缩写。 ABB公司词汇 (第五部分)ABACUS: ABB 在全球范围内使用的一个集中财务汇报系统，用于合并数字报表和跟踪财务信息。 Industrial IT 工业信息技术: 这是ABB公司的远见和新的整合解决方案用于应对当今自动化行业用户在电子商务环境中所面临的挑战。这些产品是ABB在网络上可实现的、可联接整个企业的、整合的过程解决方案方面持续承诺的最新进展。ABB的综合性工业信息技术可兼容产品的组合，外加全球范围内2万多名软件、应用和专业服务人员，专注于为自动化客户带来生产力和利润。Think Global - Act Local “全球考虑-当地行动”： 这是ABB公司在其早期广泛用于描述其商业活动的一个短语。ABB为在全球拥有制造、服务、技术、研究和财务资源从而能够满足客户的复杂要求而感到自豪。与此同时，为服务于客户需求，ABB在100多个国家中开展业务，这样使ABB在当地市场具有强劲的竞争优势。Turnkey 交钥匙项目： 承担一个项目从工程设计、建设至调试的所有责任。对ABB来说，交钥匙工程通常是在HVDC（高压直流）或化工厂设施， 以及在任何一个合同中，公司承担全部责任，最后把“钥匙”交给操作者。在公用水事业方面，典型的交钥匙项目涉及计量表和替代读表系统的管理。Vertical Markets 垂直市场: ABB向，例如纸浆、钢材、化学制品和汽车市场等垂直市场销售产品。 越来越多的处于垂直市场的客户要求ABB将几种产品或服务结合，提供集成的产品或服务。商业英语词汇 - 第十二期collateral 抵押品 （名词）(noun) A borrowers property or other assets that can be claimed and possessed by a lender if a loan is not repaid. Example: If we lack sufficient collateral, the bank may refuse to loan us money we need for expansion.如果我们缺乏足够的抵押品， 银行可以拒绝借给我们扩大规模所需的资金。 flextime 弹性工作制 （名词）(noun) A system allowing employees to select their own start and end times each day, provided they work the required number of hours per week.Example: A flextime policy at our company permitted many working couples to spend more time with their children.我们公司的弹性工作制政策使得许多双职工家庭有更多的时间与孩子在一起。mediation 调解 （名词）（noun) A discussion between disagreeing people that is intended to solve their disagreement outside of court.Example: In our companys argument with a construction firm over the problems encountered while building our new factory we paid a neutral lawyer everyone trusted to provide mediation and try to keep the dispute from going into court.为了解决我们公司与一家建筑公司在建造新工厂时引发的争执， 我们花钱聘请了双方都信任的中立的一位律师进行调解， 并试图庭外和解。perk 福利待遇 （名词）（noun) Special benefit, privilege.Example: Besides a good salary, the sales managers job includes such perks as a new car every two years, membership in a tennis club, and a personal computer for use at home. 除了可观的薪水， 这位销售经理的待遇还包括每两年一部新车， 网球俱乐部会员卡， 以及在家中使用的计算机。reconciliation （名词）1. (noun) 核对帐目The process of balancing accounts by seeking and correcting errors;Example: Our accounting department stayed up late last night doing our monthly reconciliation:昨天晚上， 每月的核对帐目让我们的会计部门工作到很晚。2. (Noun) 和解An adjustment after a problem, especially a new understanding between people who disagreed strongly in the past.Example: After the bitter civil war in the African nation the long period of reconciliation took many painful years, but the result was a more peaceful and more prosperous life for everyone. 在激烈的内战之后， 这个非洲国家又经历了长时间的痛苦才达成和解， 但最终每个人都过上了更为和平、繁荣的生活。商业英语词汇 - 第十三期demographics 人口统计资料 （名词）(noun) Population statistics that show personal characteristics of a particular group, such as their age, gender, income, years of education, etc.; in market research, demographics often show characteristics of prospective customers.Example: Our market research department gathered demographics on all our current customers to improve our advertising plan. 为了改进广告计划，我们的市场调查小组收集了现有客户的统计资料。 double-dealing 特指从为竞争对手服务中获利等不道德的商业行为 （名词）(noun) The unethical practice of conduc