大学英语三级B考试复习资料.doc

短语： a large amount of 大量的 tell sb how to do sth 告诉某人怎么做某事 operate the machine操作机器 sell out 卖光 take off 起飞、脱掉 put up 举起、张贴 get off 从下来，离开，出发 be (am is are was were) need of 需要 as long as 只要、和一样长 ； as well as 既又.、和一样、也as soon as 一就.; as far as 就而言、和一样远 let sb do sth让某人做某事； rent a car 租车; credit card信用卡 in ones opinion在某人看来；depend on依赖、依靠；insist on doing sth坚持做某事； spend time on sth在某件事上花时间；spend time (in) doing sth花时间做某事 by the end of +将来时间 到将来某个时间为止已经做完某事 常与will have +动词分词连用by the end of +过去时间 到过去某个时间为止已经做完某事 常与 had +动词过去分词 available 可利用的、可得到的、有用的； natural自然的； relative （形容词）-相关的、相对的 、（名词）-亲戚 强调句型 it was/is +被强调的部分+that +剩余部分特点：一个完整的句子可以强调任何成分（除谓语动词）判断方法：将it was/is 和that去掉，看剩下的部分能否组成一个完整的句子，如何可以，可判定为强调句型。如：1） it was in Johnsons hotel_ the business meeting was held last year. this B. that C. what D. which该题我们首先考虑B项，然后判断是否是强调句型，根据方法我们得出原句为： The business meeting was held last year in Johnsons hotel. 意思和结构都完成。确定为强调句型。 副词的构成一般为形容词后加ly。如clear-clearly; slow-slowly; successful-successfully;So that如此。以致于。 分词的用法 主动用ing, 被动用-ed之类的分词形式Be responsible for 对。负责 Manage（动词：设法，管理）manage to do sth设法做某事名词：manager 经理； GM=general manager 总经理 secretary秘书 Should 情态动词+动词原形Should have done本应该做某事（而事实上没做） Look forward to doing sth 期待做某事 Person 个人 （n）； personal (adj.) 个人的；in person 亲自 Go up 上涨; change ones mind改变某人的想法；sign a contract签合同 Job interview 工作面试；application （名）申请； apply（动词）申请；apply for 申请； apply for 运用，应用；offer a position提供一个职位；inform 告知，inform sb of sth告知某人某事 tell the truth告诉真相；depend on 依赖，依靠；deal with 处理，相处 poor management不当的管理； break up 打碎、结束、分手；take in接受、理解、欺骗；lead to 导致； put off 延期 非谓语动词做状语做状语的非谓语东西主要是不定式和分词。过去分词和现在分词（包括一些形容词）短语皆能作状语，其作用相当于状语从句，充当何种状语从句要根据句子的内容而定。非谓语形式含义例句to do表示目的或结果，相当于in order to do, so as to do, too to do, enough to do等句型。I got up early to catch the early bus.为了赶头班车我起得很早。He is too old to learn computers.他太老了，学不会电脑。He said that he was good enough to be a qualified secretary.他说他可以成为一名合格的秘书。Doing表示时间、原因、让步等状语。分词与主句主语是主动进行的关系。Being sick, he didnt go to work.由于生病，他没来上班。Having no money, I borrowed some from John.因为没有钱，我向约翰借了些。Seeking from the top of tower, I saw a beautiful city ofParis.从塔顶看，我看到了美丽的巴黎。Done表示时间、原因、让步等状语。分词与主句主语是被动完成的关系Given another chance, Im sure I will be successful.如果再有机会，我相信我会成功的。Seen from the top of the tower,Parislooks really beautiful.从塔上看，巴黎看上去确实漂亮。Require 要求; leave 离开; pay 付款；offer提供 in case of 假如，如果发生；as a result of 作为的结果；in addition to 除。之外还有。；on the basis of 在。的基础上； put forward=come up with提出 generally speaking 总体来说；vary from A. toB. A和B不同；let sb do sth让某人做某事；move（动）-movement(名)运动；nature（n）-natural（自然的）；as+形/副+as.和。一样，形容词和副词用原形；enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事；impress(给。留下印象)-impression(印象)；order订购；goods货物；deliver发出；cooperate（v）/ cooperation; 结构：现在完成时 + since+过去时间Turn to转向，求助于；bring about 带来，引起； go over 检查； put up 张贴； focus on集中； set up建立；as far as 就。而言、和。一样远； in addition to 除。之外；in spite of 不顾，不管； Youd better=you had better 后面加动词原形。 Organize（动）组织organization（名词）组织； improve(动)-improvement(名) Expect sb to do sth期待某人做某事；get up 起床；look into调查；see off为。送行；put on 穿上； The reason why+句子 。的原因； the reason for +名词短语 。的原因； Put away 1.把。收好，放好 2.储存；take over 接受、接管；work out做出、设计出、计算出；make up 弥补、编造；develop(动)-development（名） Spend的用法: spend +时间/金钱+(in) doing sth花时间做某事; spend +时间/金钱+on sth 在某件事情上花时间；spend作为“花费”意思时，主语是人cost作为“花费”用法cost sb +金钱,主语是物it takes/took sb +时间+to do sth花某人多长时间做某事 Nature（自然）-natural（自然的）； It is/was +形容词 for sb/ of sb + to do sth做某事对某人来讲。 Contact （动词）联系 contact by telephone or email通过电话或邮件联系，by 在英语中表方式，如I go home by bus. Be used to doing sth习惯做某事；look forward to doing sth期待做某事；Used to do sth过去常常做某事；Immediately 立即地； roughly 粗略地，大约地； heavily重地、厉害地；completely 完全地、十分地； As .as和。一样，中间为形容词或副词的原级；如：as well as 和。一样好，也； as early as 和。一样早； as far as 和一样远； as soon as 和。一样快，一。就。； Share分享，共用；share sth with sb 和某人分享某物； Unless 除非=if .not Keep doing sth持续做某事 由what, how引导的感叹句型：可用句型：“what+ a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！”What a nice present it is! 它是一件多好的礼物啊！What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！可用句型:“what +形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语！”What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！可用句型：what +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！What important news it is！多重要的新闻啊！由how引导的感叹句： 可用句型：how +形/副 +主+ 谓How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！ 可用句型： how +形+an/a +可数名词单数+主语+谓语！How beautiful a girl she is! 她是多么漂亮的姑娘啊！可用句型：“how +主语+谓语！”How time flies! 光阴似箭！ turn out to be 结果是、原来是、证实是；successful 成功的 比较级是more successful; allow to do sth允许做某事; means of 。的方式、手段； communicate （动词）-communication（名）；disappoint(动)：使失望-disappointed（失望的）； firstly首先地； naturally自然地；efficiently有效地；generally大体地；hardly几乎不； put down 记下、镇压；take in 接受、理解、欺骗；turn out 结果是、生产；ask for 要求，咨询； difference between A and B： A与B之间的不同； give up 放弃；pick up 捡起；drew up 拟定，起草；get up起床 right person合适的人；in person亲自；passenger 乘客； tourist 旅行者； customer 顾客； Hardly.when .No sooner.than一。就。考点：1.搭配2时态：when 和than 后面接一般过去时 Hardly 和No sooner后面加过去完成时 Hardly 和no 放句首时后面需要部分倒装，将助动词had提到hardly的后面。如：Hardly_ at the office when the telephone rang.I arrived B. I had arrived C. did I arrive D. had I arrived根据考点1、2、3判断答案为D项。 Confirm 证实、批准、确认；insure 保险、确保； 虚拟语气：与现在事实相反的假设If 条件句中谓语动词did/were, 主句 would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反的假设If 条件句中谓语动词had done, 主句would/should/could /might have done将来渺茫的愿望If条件句中1.should+动词原形 2. were+to do 3. did/ were 主句 would/should/ could/might +动词原形当if 条件句中含had, were, should等词时，可将If省略，将这三个词提到句首，构成倒装结构；英语中that从句用(should)+ 动词原形（should可以省略）的情况： 当that 从句前出现了insist(坚持)、suggest（建议）、recommend (建议)、order（命令）、propose（建议）、demand（要求）、require(要求)、request(要求) 巧记口诀：一坚持，一命令，三建议，三要求 或者出现以前词的各种变形，that从句后动词用动词原形。 Its +形容词+that 的情况：当形容词为necessary, strange, important, surprising等词时, that后面的动词用原形。 如：The adviser recommended that Mary (start)_ the training program as soon as possible.That从句前出现recommend，所有that后面的动词填原形，该题答案为start. Attract (动词)吸引attractive(形容词) 引人注目的；announce （动词）宣布；Addition名词（附加物，增加）-additional（额外的，附加的）；practice (名、动词，练习)practical 实践的 You d better=you had better 后加动词原形。 报纸、新闻说。 一般用say Set up 建立； get up 起床；break up 破碎、破坏、解散、分手；turn up 出现，调高（音量） Introduce sb to sb 把某人介绍给某人 Come up to 达到、符合； run out of 用光、耗尽； get along with sb与某人相处；take charge of 负责、照管； Nation（国家、民族）-national （国家的）；difficult 困难的more difficult （比较困难的）；build(建造)built( 过去分词)； Want to do sth想做某事；experience (经验)-experienced（有经验的）； To ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是。；in part局部地；in turn轮流地，依次地； in place在恰当的位置； keep a detailed record作详细的记录；take away 拿走；put forward提出；look after照顾；get on上车，有进展； Make decision作决定；success（名）-succeed（动）；effect(名)：影响effective有效的；the number of。的数字 Ask sb for help 向某人寻求帮助；provide sb with sth向某人提供某物；run into偶遇；put on 穿上；shut down：关闭，使停工；常用句式1.Recently,the problem of . has aroused peoples concern.最近，.的问题引起了人们的关注。2.Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网在我们的生活中起到了越来越重要的作用，它带来了很多便利，但也引起了很多问题。3.Nowadays, . has become a problem we have to face.如今，.已经成为我们必须面对的问题。4.It is commonly believe that.人们一般认为. 5.Many people insist that.很多人坚持认为.6.With the development of science and technology more and more people believe that.随着科学的发展，越来越多的人认为.引出不同观点：1.Peoples views on . vary from person Some person. hold that . However,others believe that.人们对.的观点因人而异，有些人认为.，然而其他人却认为.。2.Attitudes towards . vary from person to person.人们对待.的态度因人而异。3.There are different opinions among people as to.关于.人们的观点大不相同。4.Different people hold different attitudes towards failure.对（失败），人们的态度各不相同。得出结论：1.Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that.把这些因素都考虑进去，我们自然地就得出结论。2.Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that.把所有的因素都考虑进去，我们可能会得出合理的结论。3.There is no doubt that（job-hopping）has its draw backs，as well as merits.毫无疑问，（跳槽）既有缺点，又有有点。4.All in all，we cant live with out.，but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.总之，我们没有.是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决方法来对付可能出现的新问题。提出建议：1.It is high time that we put an end to the trend.该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。2.It is time to take the advice of . and to put special emphasis on the improvement of .该是采纳.的建议，并对.的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。3.Theres no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of .毫无疑问，对.问题应予以重视。4.Obviously, . if we want to do something . ,it is essential that.显然，如果我们想做某事，很重要的是.5.Only in this way can we .只有这样，我们才能.6.It must be realized that . 常用句型1. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。2. Nothing is too difficult in the world if you set your mind into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。3. Every coin has two sides. 每枚硬币都有两面；凡事皆有好坏。4. Dont troubles trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。5. No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。6. Night had fallen before we knew it. 不知不觉夜幕就降临了。7. Im looking forward to hearing from you soon. 希望早日收到你的来信。8. You are always throwing things about. Look, what a mess in your room! 你总是乱扔东西。瞧，你的房间乱成什么样了！9. Not until yesterday did I get to know that. 直到昨天我才知道那件事。10. It was not until yesterday that I got to know that. 直到昨天我才知道那件事。11. No sooner had he left home than it began to rain. 他一离开家天就开始下雨了。12. Hardly had he left home when it began to rain. 他一离家天就开始下雨了。13. It is obvious that China is getting more and more powerful. 显然，中国正变得越来越强大。14. It is reported that a terrible accident happened on Highway 22. 据报道，在22号公路上发生了严重的交通事故。15. It is said that another earthquake will hit this island. 据说，这个岛还会发生地震。16. It suddenly occurred to me that I could ask Mr. Li for help. 我突然想到可以请李老师帮忙。17. A bright idea suddenly came to my mind. 我突然想到一个办法。18. Its never too late to learn. 活到老学到老。19. The moment I left home, it began to rain. 我一离开就开始下雨了。20. As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China. 众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。21. He preferred to stay home rather than see the film. 他宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影。22. We two share the same opinion. 我们两人有着相同的看法。 、23. Now many people still hold the belief that girls are not so valuable as boys. 许多人还认为女孩没有男孩珍贵。24. When the old man came to, he found himself lying in hospital. 老人醒过来的时候，发现自己躺在医院。25. The result of the competition will be made known to the public soon. 考试结果会很快就公布。26. Though he failed three times, he was determined to have a fourth try. 尽管他失败了三次，他还决心再试一次。27. As long as you work hard, you will succeed. 只要你努力，你一定会成功。28. You neednt ask; just make yourself at home. 你不必问，不要客气。29. When he was walking in the street when suddenly he saw two cars run into each other. 他在街上散步时，突然看到两辆车相撞了。30. He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁就笑得最好。31. On one hand, Bungee is interesting. On the other hand, it is very dangerous. 一方面蹦极就有趣，另一方面，它也很危险。32. So devoted in his work that Mr. Smith didnt know it was already dark. Smith先生太投入自己的工作了，天黑了还不知道。33. You wont succeed unless you work hard. 除非你努力，否则是不会成功的。34. It is important that we students should learn English well. 学生学好英语是很重要的。35. As time went by, the boy came to realize his mistakes. 随着时间的推移，这个孩子慢慢地认识到了自己的错误。36. The meeting came to an end at four oclock yesterday afternoon. 会议在昨天下午四点结束了。37. He was in such a hurry that he almost knocked into the headmaster. 他太匆忙了，一头撞在了校长身上。38. He hurried to the theatre without supper only to be told that the singer hadnt arrived yet. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到剧院，却发现歌唱家已经走了。39. No matter what you do, you should put your heart into it. 无论你做什么，你都必须用心去做。40.There is no doubt that you are sure to win the game. 毫无疑问，你一定会赢这场比赛。41. She was so angry at all that he was doing that she walked out without saying a word. 她对他所说的一切感到非常生气，什么没说就走了出去。42. It was in the park where the boy used to play that we found the boy at last. 正是在这个孩子经常玩的那个公园，我们终于找了到了那个孩子。43. As is often the case, the boy came to school late again. 这个孩子又迟到了。情况总是这样的。44. She is in a poor state of health, which worries her mother much. 她的身体不好，这使母亲很担心。45. Many girls are very particular about their clothes. 许多女孩子对衣服都很挑剔。46. Dont speak in such a manner, or youll get into trouble. 不要这样讲话，否则会惹事生非的。47. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health remains poor. 尽管他吃了很多药，他的身体还是很弱。49. The thing that matters is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not. 重要的不是你是否会失败，而是你是否去尝试。50. I will spare no efforts to help you in your work. 在你的工作中，我将不遗余力地帮助你作文：考点要求：主要考察应用性段落或短文的写作。要求考生能运用所学的词汇和语法写出简短的短文：能用英语填写表格，套写便函。简历等。出题形式：题目中会给出一段汉语说明，要求根据说明书写、套写或填写一篇符合某种应用文体或实用性的段落或短文，包括：名片 贺卡 通知 便条 邀请函及回函 个人简历 私人信函 招聘广告等。应用文格式1. 便条：便条是一种简单的书信形式，内容简要，文字紧凑，称呼格式化。便条多数为本人留言，或托人转交，常用便条有请假条和留言条两种。便条包括的内容：收条人，留条人，目的，时间。Sample 8th AugestDear Mary,I came here to see you because I have something urgent to consult with you, but youve happened to be out. I shall be grateful if you can find time to contact me with a call as soon as possible. Richard译文：玛丽，我来看你，恰遇你外出。我有急事和你商量。请尽快找个时间和我联系。谢谢你。理查德8月8日2. 通知(告示) (Notice) 布告式通知要注意的几点内容： 上方居中写上Notice或NOTICE以引人注意。 正文的下面右下角写通知单位名称或人名。 发出通知的日期放在中文的左下角。 正文内容简洁，说清通知内容以及进行活动的时间地点以及参加活动的对象。 通知时间地点可运用“There be” 句型 eg. There will be a sales meeting in Room 302 ,at 4:00p.m. on 15th January.或 A sales meeting will be held 尽可能不用第一人称 We shall hold a sales meeting(误)Sample通 知 应广大学生的要求，学生会邀请著名公司（BSCompany）中国公司的人力资源部Human Resources Department 经理Mrs Tailor来校为全体学生讲座。内容：如何为应聘面试做准备时间：5月22日晚 7：00-8：30地点：多媒体（Muti-media）教学大楼320教室希望广大学生，特别是即将毕业求职的学生前往听讲 Notice Mrs Tailor, manager of Human Resources Department of Human Resoures Department of BSC Company,the famous multinational company in the world, will give a lecture on Preparation for an Interview at 7:00 p.m. on May 22. The lecture that will last one and a half hours will be held in Room 320 of the Multi-media Building. All of the students, especially those who will graduate and apply for jobs are invited to attend the lecture. The StudentsUnion提示：关于书信格式，重点看3中的 其它内容参看例文。3. 书信 英文书信通常由6个部分组成： 信头：位于信笺的右上角，一般从信笺中间或稍右落笔，先写寄信人的地址，后写日期。（一般公函或商业信函的信纸上都印有单位或公司的名称、地址、电话号码等，因此就只需在信头下面的右边写上写信日期就可以了。） 信内地址，即收信人地址：在一般的社交信中，信内收信人的通常省略，但是在公务信函中不能。将收信人的姓名、地址等写在信头日期下方的左下角上。 称呼：是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方，从该行的顶格写起，称呼后面一般用逗号(英式)。 写给亲人、亲戚和朋友时，用Dear 加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直呼其名(这里指名字，不是姓氏)。例如：My dear Father, Dear Tom等。 写给公务上的信函用 Dear Sir , Dear Madam 或 Dear Madam or Sir 写给收信人的信，也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加上姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如，Dear Prof. Robert White, Dear Dr. John Smith. 正文位置在下面称呼隔一行，是信的核心部分。和中文信不同的是，正文中一般不用Hello！正文部分应开门见山，说明写信的目的，如果是回信，要先提及对方的来函，答复对方提出的问题和事情，然后再写自己要谈的事情。 正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍稍向右缩进些，通常以五个字母为宜，每段第二行从左面顶格写起，这就是缩进式。但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式，用齐头式，即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。 结束语：在正文下面的一、二行处，从信纸的中间偏右处开始，第一个词开头要大写，句末用逗号。不同的对象，结束语的写法也不同。 写业务信函用Truly yours(Yours truly), FaithfullySincerely yours (Yours faithfully)等。 署名：低于结束语一至二行行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始，在结束语的正下方，在签完名字的下面还要有用打字机打出的名字，以便识别。职务、职称可打在名字的下面。写给亲朋好友的信，就不必再打了。注意：在三级B的写作考题中，不加信头、信内地址的书信居多，但考生需了解信头的写法(参看下面所附例文)Sample:请以重庆应用技术学院建筑系主任王勇的名义给美国的著名建筑学专家Dr. Robert White先生写一封邀请函，邀请他于今年十月光临该校讲学，并诚恳地希望他能接受邀请。收信人地址：State University of New York, 685 Baldy Hall,New York 14260Chongqing College of Applied Tech PR. China May 10, 2003Dr. Robert White State University of New York 685 Baldy Hall, New York 14260U.S.A. Dear Dr. White,We are pleased to learn that your work in the field of architecture is well known, and I would like to invite you to our college to give us a lecture in October this year. Architecture has always been the top priority in the Chongqing College of Applied Technology, and we would be honoured to have you speak to us. I sincerely hope that you could give us a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. We look forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely yours Wang yong Dean of the Architecture Department信体一：邀请信写邀请信开头段的常用语句和套话I am writing to invite you toI wonder if could come .I would like you to come .How would you like to join us in ?写邀请信结尾段的常用语句和套话My family and I would feel honored if you could come We would be looking forward to your presence in the party.I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision.I really hope you can make it.例文Dear Mr. And Mrs. Smith, We havent seen each other for months. Kate and I would be very happy if you could come to dinner with us on Friday May 2 at six oclock. Several other old friends will join us. It will be at our house, and there will be a party afterwards, starting at about 8 p.m. You are welcome to stay the night as there is plenty of room, though it would help if you could, let me know in advance. Hope to see you then.Yours,Li Ming信体二：感谢信感谢信开头段常用句式和套语I am writing to express my thanks forI am writing to show my sincere appreciation forI would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you forI am very grateful to you for感谢信结尾段常用句式和套语I must thank you again for your help and kindness.I am most grateful for yourPlease accept my gratitude(感激) ,now and always.例文Dear Mr. Jackson,I am writing this letter to thank you for thehospitality