湖南省新田县第一中学高中英语 Unit1 The world of our senses Grammar and usage课件 牛津译林版必修3.ppt

unit1grammarandusagenounclauses 1 thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy a thatb whatc whyd if 主语从句 practice 2 iwonder youwillgoshoppingorstayathome a thatb ifc whetherd what 宾语从句 3 thisis hewasoftenlateforschool a whatb thatc whyd whether 表语从句 4 weallknowthetruth theearth aroundthesun a if movedb that movesc why moved whether move 同位语从句 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 nounclauses 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组 它在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语 介词宾语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 名词从句 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词 hisjobisimportant whathedoesisimportant 主语 thisishisjob thisiswhathedoeseveryday 表语 idon tlikehisjob idon tlikewhathedoeseveryday 宾语 idon tknowabouttheman mr white idon tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher 同位语 1 wecanuseanounclauseasthesubjectofasentence e g thaticanpaybackthehelppeoplegivememakesmehappy whytheyhavenotleftyetisnotclearsofar nounclauses wecanuseitasapreparatorysubject e g itwasgoodnewsthateveryonegotbacksafely 2 wecanuseanounclauseastheobjectofaverb preposition e g iwonderif whetherthat sagoodidea i minterestedinwhothattallmanis wecanuseitasapreparatorysubject e g weallthoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone theconductorhasmadeitclearthatnobuseswillberunning 3 wecanuseanounclauseasthepredicativeofbe e g thetruthisthatit stoofoggyforthebustorunthatfar myquestioniswhetherpollycanfindherwayhome 4 wecanuseanounclauseinappositiontoanoun e g shehadafeelingthatshewasbeingwatched thenewsthathecouldn tcomemadeusupset 5 weusethat if whetheroraquestionwordtobeginanounclause e g nooneknewif whetherhelosthissightbecauseofanaccident shecouldn timaginehowtheblindmanhadfoundher readthearticleonpage9anddescribethemainideainyourownwords whilereading underlineallthenounclausesyoucanfindinthisarticle 名词性从句考点归纳 一 名词性从句的语序 1 名词性从句构成有两种 a that 陈述句e g thathediditrightisknowntoall b 疑问词 句子的剩余成分e g thisiswhatwearelookingfor 2 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序 不能用一般疑问句语序 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜 howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle f t 你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗 couldyoutellmewherehelives couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive t f 二 名词性从句连接词的选用 1 that和what的选用 that和what都可引导所有的名词从句 但是 what除起连接作用外 还在名词性从句中充当成分 可做从句的主语 宾语 或表语 而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分 只起连接作用 1 hewantsisabook 2 hewantstogothereisobvious 3 theresultis wewonthegame 4 thisis wewanttoknow 5 is hetoldustrue what that that what thatorwhat what 6 weshouldpayattentionto theteacherissaying 7 ihavenodoubt hewillcome 8 ihavenoidea hedidthatafternoon what that what 2 if和whether的选用 whether和if都可以使用的情况 1 引导动词的宾语从句时 2 在be adj 之后时 3 在主语从句中 it用作形式主语时 只能用whether的情况 1 在非正式文体中 if ornot也是正确的 但与ornot直接连用时 只能用whether 即whetherornot 而不能用if 即ifornot 2 引导表语从句和同位语从句时 3 引导主语从句 且位于句首时 4 引导介词后的宾语从句时 5 后面直接跟动词不定式时 6 if引起歧义时 1 iaskedher shehadabike 2 wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather if whether whether iforwhether 3 we reworriedabout heissafe 4 idon tknow heiswellornot 5 idon tknow ornotheiswell whether whether if whether 6 thequestionis heshoulddoit 7 thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion theoldmanwillrecoversoon 8 idon tknow togo whether whether whether 9 iwonder thenewsistrue 10 hewasnotsure itwasright 11 ithasn tbeendecided weshallattendthemeeting if whether if whether if whether 12 wehaven tdecided toattendthemeetingornot 13 idon tknow hefinallyfoundhismissingbikeornot 14 idon tknow ornothefinallyfoundhismissingbike whether if whether whether 15 thequestionis thefilmisworthseeing 16 theproblem weshouldcontinuetheexperimentremainsunsolved whether whether 17 ourteamhaswonthematchisunknown 18 italldependson hewillsupportus 19 pleaseletmeknow youlikeit whether whether whether 其它连接代词和副词的连用 主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义 正确的选择who which when where why how等连接词 这些连接词既具有疑问含义 又起连接作用 同时在从句中充当各种成分 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定 weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃 idon tknow broketheglassyesterday when who 我不知道他长的什么样子 ihavenoidea helookslike 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方 thisis ileftmyglasses what where 引导词that的省略 that引导主语从句 并且主语从句后置 由it作形式主语时 that不可省略 2 that引导宾语从句时 可以省略 但如果有两个that引导的宾语从句 则第二个宾语从句中的that不可省略 3 介词后的宾语从句中的that不可省略 4 如果that连接的宾语从句中紧接着一个由其他连词引导的状语从句 that不能省略 5 引导同位语从句的连词that在句中不充当成分 且不可省略 下列名词性从句中的that是否可以省略 1 itwasreportedthatthefootballteamwaswarmlyreceivedbythequeen 2 idon tbelievethathehaseverreadanyofshakespeare sworksorthathehaseverheardofhim 3 hiscompositionisverygoodexceptthattherearesomespellingmistakes 4 thecauseoftheaccidentliesinthatthedriverwascareless 5 hesaidthat ifididnothavetime imightchoosenottogo 6 thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue 只有第2题第一个that可以省略 其他名词性从句中 that不可以省略 that that 1 idon tthink sheiscoming 2 itisapity hehasmadesuchamistake 3 thereasonis heiscareless 4 thenews ourteamwonthematchinspiredus that that that that 5 idon tthinkitnecessary youshouldreadenglishaloud 6 hetoldme hisfatherhaddiedand hehadtomakealivingalone that that that 三 同位语从句的引导和辨别 1 同位语从句的格式 n 连接词 从句2 能接同位语从句的名词有 fact idea news information order belief advicesuggestion 等3 连接词通常是that 也可根据含义选用whether what when where等来引导同位语从句 ihavenoidea hecomesfrom 2 hecan tanswerthequestion hegotthemoney 3 hegaveusmanysuggestions weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise that whether where how where how that 4 ihavenodoubt hewillwin 5 ihavesomedoubt hewillwin that whether 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 1 定语从句是先行词的修饰语 它不涉及先行词的具体内容 定语从句中that不但起连接作用 而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分 充当从句的宾语成分时可省略 2 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明 表明中心词的具体内容 引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分 只起连接作用 无具体含义 且不可省略 1 weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed 2 weexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometochinaagain at ap attributiveorappositive 1 theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity 2 theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue at ap 名词demand suggestion proposal advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气 结构为should do should可省略 e g hegavemeasuggestionthati should becalmnow 宾语从句的时态呼应 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时 从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态 a 他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的 hebelieves hisdreamwillcometruesomeday b 请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么 pleasetellme whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday 2 如果主句谓语是过去时 从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态 但从句表达的是客观事实 真理 自然规律等时 从句谓语通常用一般现在时 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备 hetoldme 他说他已离开家乡十年了 hetoldme hewaspreparingfortheexamination hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的 theteachertellus lighttravelsinastraightline readthearticleaboutoursensesonpage11andcircletherightwords answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 if that that that whether that completethestoryonpage11usingthat whetherorif answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 that that that if whether that if whether that that 考点点拨考例回顾 1 theradioannouncedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfog p10 考点 that引导名词性从句时 在从句中不充当成分 在动词后面的宾语从句中可以省略 在介词后面的宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句中均不可省略 考例1 withhisworkcompleted thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat feelingpleased hewasamanofaction 湖南2006 a whichb thatc whatd whether 解析 根据句子结构 pleased后面应接宾语从句 hewasamanofaction是个完整的句子 从句中不缺成分 故选that 考例2 oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure 上海2006 a howb whyc thatd when 解析 is后面是表语从句 从句中不缺成分 故选that 考例3 awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother sbirthday 安徽2006 a ifb whenc thatd which 解析 此句是同位语从句 thought与从句thatimight 被谓语suddenlycametome隔开 同位语从句中的引导词that不充当成分 只起一个连接的作用 2 sheisnotcertainaboutwhethershehasdoneanythingwrong p10 考点 在介词后面的宾语从句中表示 是否 时 只用whether 不用if 考例 wehaven tsettledthequestionof itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad 江苏2006 a ifb wherec whetherd that 句意 我们还没有解决他是否有必要去国外学习这一问题 根据句意 可排除b和d两项 介词of后面接宾语从句时 只用whether 不用if 故选c项 3 hesaid that helikedrainverymuchandthathewouldn tuseanumbrellawhenitwasraining p10 考点 当一个句子有两个或多个宾语从句时 引导第一个从句的that可以省略 而引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略 且最后两个从句之间要用and but或or连接 考例 havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed and allthelightswereoff theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom 湖南2007 a whyb thatc whend where 解析 动词checked后接两个宾语从句 第一个是thedoorswereclosed 引导从句的that被省略 第二个是allthelightswereoff 从句中不缺成分 故选that 且that不可省略 1 itnowappears theyareinneedofhelp a thatb whichc whatd how2 itisgoodnews theywillarriveinafewdays a whichb whatc thatd how 3 it joedrivesbadly a thoughtthatb thinksthatc isthinkthatd isthoughtthat4 it heislateforclass a m