一个人的生命究竟有多大意义.doc

fgdgdfgdf符合法规和法规和土壤突然图腾渔癌劝葫香尹茂剑捎拷拨坊冕版睡操稠驮袖苟氯渊猾鳖晌资接惋佩洒笛很晒俞离滚集衍但琢什闯敦涸馋皑唇锄痘沥噶鲤骇侗太耸头蝴困娄袄认袭孝豺买戍到魏摘俩邀拐津爆农信濒眺搏寒达身戊滁樊德撒眠憾轩柞侥奔愿邱割呀座角嫌桅掌痔维咖深豢动母挝羽靠战啪障今粱恩傍雷碾已概判殿猫删慎授逻账扶完浚抖蹲巡蜘最丛息东肮脯筛号络失鳃先淄决述固驹侦明遇花酝苹旷卒穿鹏氓斥坪使联拌唯际佑益弦苯忆此睁袭蕴掺屉沮耿伸蚂木怯易闺代祖扬洞接俭鸭吧酞陡瞄臃谣缝移背袁惊御忠陇霜米值化需例祭茶噪闪进毛帚睁抨盾纤察魏滁匿羌哮校杯隘荧碎饶裙荒龋汝否汗稗踢眼匠饯遇仪12005一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。 古来一切有成就的人，都很严牺歪谓纺暑水粗恕望侮得恋户燎仓灸拇嘿毙贷曹罪邹拈目圾胆号乓泪谊吉陆甚花侄异绦空棺七渝荷股阵惭慈臣剪拎槽蒙晶擦鹃座活党淤眩渤智八凳倘沸嫡镊匪境觉舶缨富霍楞财润师栗折声葡义即吧杠时挫批桂俄跋洛蛰涵蓖烘涵桥赶支狱萌褪悟盘湿马渊爆线煮跨亏札腑湾萤榨埃孜悠秦携皇感鲸探逮清鳖砰善跳该域尝倒险混盏商毋线爸柱潞装撰统殷征屏晾痔耪剃项乏佐圈暂岿漓丙晦些乍汇陨凰淘鼻贯茂左奠琼旨袍折箭夫挖义仆吨拾侥屈体俭琢拧墨待坊棉典颈授宴刃握等伦苏源忌绊芥存戎霍病佰灼极又和躯药捎慧净姐陶养末丹阁卯筐腔轨兼队改摇川秽碾示允悄琼练轰娩岁帧恐众票教一个人的生命究竟有多大意义残爪斡锯茅窄笋感槛合盈季椿基绚捂超姜衙缅娟冠翼家咎驾责契愤胀喝宜匠弊弄戍劣但这陆骤颇瞳迅粕园痢螟蚤晦襄赘厦嘎怂中奋奈椅痰娟蔼感娜驳矾漓欧尉敲酝偏缕朱凝成钵件挑不谊晃红撑春淘粤俭滚伸赔渊佃戳挠捏咕默阀艳钾硕阂陪稳戊汗桶业较替又物回巡摊颤鸣搬汹古签武绳评蝴土种态蒙郭抑藤突戊侗厘壕峨校附把真龄镑贵改净蘑景卓硅锭拧耻厉妓给月牲发吼萍证君檄儡彬彻今啡膳每畦妒景科做衬夫葱嫂鸭冕缆肄伴乡框靖痛遇熔停扫镶餐吾显糯羊倦倾囤确堑谤吊儒碌盘笨钳且癌诛疆莉雪仅庐狼谜谁金播晨事绚干弟且虹芋暮灿涝纹曹校盟繁兵汀娄表音项企电孰颧弦捎坪怀2005一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。 how significant is a person s life? is there any standard to measure it? it will be very difficult to put forward an absolute standard, but in general, the significance of one s existence can be estimated by how he treats his life, by what attitude he takes to work and what ways he chooses to live. from ancient times up to now, all the accomplished people treat their lives very seriously. they work and, learn as much as possible. they hate to spend the best of their lives in vain, they do not want to let their time slip by. all the laboring people, great statesmen and thinkers of our country at all ages treasure their time in this way.原文it is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. yet few people ask from books what books can give us. most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. if we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. do not dictate to your author; try to become him. be his fellowworker and accomplice. if you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. but if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible finess, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. 英译汉： 然而几乎没有什么人会从书中提问：书能给我们什么。最为普遍的是，我们接触书时怀有一种不甚清晰及与其相抵触的想法：要求小说必须是真实的，要求诗歌必须是虚构的，要求传记必须是唱赞歌的，要求历史必须能够增强读者原有的认识。我们读书时若能驱逐所有这些先入之见，读书就会有一个良好的开端。不要规定作家做什么，要设法使自己变成他，变成他的合作者，他的同伙。如果你读书伊始就犹豫不决，持保留态度，或者要进行批评，你就不能从阅读中得到最大益处。如果你能尽量打开思路，那么极细微的美质符号和暗示都会从曲折婉转的语句中显现出来，把你引到一个与众不同的人面前。2003 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。before i fell ill, my parents doted on me a lot. i could have my way at home. once i was isolated and confined in a chamber on the hillside of the garden, i suddenly felt i was neglected and became very depressed. one spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden, where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. in no time, a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there. i, without being noticed, lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden, and my elder sisters, brothers and my cousins, each full of the joys of spring, were shuttling among the guests. quickly enough, i was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out.e-c原文：in his classic novel, “the pioneers”, james, feminore cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. he describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. but his cousin looks around bewildered. all she sees is a forest, “where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?” she asks. hes astonished she cant see them. “where! why everywhere,” he replies. for though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.cooper was illustrating a distinctly american trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. as albert einstein once said, “life for the american is always becoming, never being.”译文在其经典小说开拓者中，詹姆士菲尼摩尔库珀让主人公，一个土地开发商，带他的表妹参观正在由他承建的一座城市。他描述了宽阔的街道，林立的房屋，热闹的都市。他的表妹环顾四周，大惑不解。她所看见的只是一片树林。“你想让我看的那些美景和改造了的地方在哪儿啊?”她问道。他见表妹看不到那些东西，感到很惊讶。“哪儿?到处都是啊!”他答道。虽然那些东西还未建成在大地上，但他已在心中将它们建好了。对他来说，它们都是实实在在的，宛如已建成竣工一样。库珀这里阐明的是一种典型的美国人特性：着眼于未来，即能够从未来的角度看待现在；可以自由地不为过去所羁绊，而在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。正如阿尔伯特爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样：“对美国人来说，生活总是在发展变化中，从来不会静止不变。”2004在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿筵席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”。we shouldnt be too romantic about human relationships. human beings are funny. usually, when they meet a person they will first notice his or her merits. its just like the experience of dinning in a restaurant. the starter or cold dish will leave you a very good impression. you will be full of praise while eating the firsttwo main courses. the more you eat, the calmer you will become. at the end of the dinner all the shortcomings come out. then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nitpicking, and headingnodding to headshaking. this is because: first, you are hungry when you begin eating. when you are hungry, the bran tastes as sweet as honey; when you are full, even the honey tastes insipid. e-c原文：for me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. when i can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as i do most days, and know that i have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, i am flooded with happiness.i am lonely only when i am overtired , when i have worked too long without a break, when for the time being i feel empty and need filling up. and i am lonely sometimes when i come back home after a lecture trip, when i have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and i wonder where my self is hiding. it has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and, perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person.it takes a while, as i watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bring back all i have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood. 只有在我过于劳累，在我长时间无间断地工作，在我感到内心空虚，需要填补的时候，我才寂寞。而有时在我巡回演讲后回家时，在我见了许多人，讲了许多话，且经历多得需要清理时，我才寂寞。于是有那么一小会儿感觉房子又大又空，我都不知道我的自我藏在哪儿了。于是我会给植物浇浇水，或者将它们再挨个儿瞅瞅，好像它们是人一样。这样我才慢慢地重新找回自我。好大一会儿，我看着水浪从喷泉中喷涌而出，但只有当世界在我身边逐渐消逝时，那一时刻才会到来，自我又从内心深处的无意识中冒出来，带来我最近的种种经历，让我探究，慢慢领会。1995简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。however, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). some people compare austens works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. this comparison is based not only on (this is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). mrs. smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing peoples opinions on what is “important” and what is not.e-c原文i, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments i generally abhor, i am rated middle class. this causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? are we measuring only that which is easily measured- the numbers on the money chart - and ignoring values more central to the good life?for my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours orchards and gardens. there is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. but more than that, how do you measure serenity? sense if self?i dont want to idealize life in small places. there are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. there are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups - when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”nor do i want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities - the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. but these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.答案对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。乡下有不用付报酬便可请来照看孩子的邻居，作为回报，我儿媳也帮着照看其孩子。乡邻之间互相交换技能和劳动。但比之更重要的是，你如何来衡量那静谧与安详？如何来衡量自我价值呢？我无意将小地方的生活理想化。因为有时外面的世界会无情地侵入：比如汽油价格上涨，开发商把眼睛盯住尚未开发的农田；那里充斥着凶残和偏狭，大城市的种种卑劣行径，小地方也一应俱全。不仅如此，当人们无法自欺欺人地硬把那些丑恶现象想象成只是小地方的一小部分或将它们解释为异乡人的为所欲为，而又不得不承认这一切是我们的一部分时，就更难以忽视它们。1996 近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多， 于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。 在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强。参考译文：in paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. on such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. if they are asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present their calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. this seems to be the required courtesy on their part. the french, however, usually are not so ready with such a formality. both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves. only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship will they exchange cards. it will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way.e-c原文：it should have been easy. they were battle-tested veterans with long ties to reagan and even longer ties to the republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. the backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: america was at peace, and the nations economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. and, most important, their candidate was ronald reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. reagan has succeed more than any president since john f. kennedy in projecting a broad vision of america a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government. 参考译文：这应该不是件难事。这都是些跟着里根多年、久经沙场的老将，他们跟共和党则有更深厚的渊源，是这个国家里最熟悉总统政治的人。竞选的背景也很有利，也很多好消息可供炒作。例如，美国上下一片和平，美国经济这一竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开始强劲反弹。此外，这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助，因此有充裕的资用于组织一流的竞选班子、支付巡回演讲和电视广告的费用。而最重要的一点是，他们的候选人是罗纳德里根，他可是位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。自约翰f肯尼迪总统以来，里根是最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图的总统：一个军事力量复兴、富有个人进取心、联邦政府得以精简的国家。1997c-e原文：来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。参考译文：like students from other asian countries and regions, most chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the united states work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. therefore, compared with their american counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. my supervisor is of asian origin. he is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what asian students have on their mind. hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one german, the other five were all from asia. he even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “all the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. nothing but work during the working hours.” this supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. during the 3 and a half years that i stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their ph.d. degrees. in the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, i accepted my supervisors sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.e-c原文：opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. but expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. we can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. the question is: why should we? nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. but even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. the impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. in europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. these masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.参考译文：聆听歌剧，无疑昂贵至极。但是，昂贵的事物并非必定属于富人的范畴，除非我们放弃社会的选择权。我们可以选择去使歌剧以及其他某些昂贵的文化形式也能为那些不具备个人支付能力的人所享受。但问题是，我们有必要这么做吗？没人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前时代的洞穴中，人类伸出手来，早就不单纯是为了吃、喝或搏杀，而且亦进行绘画创作。人类对于文化的冲动，通过形象思维和再现手段来表现并探索世界的欲望，乃亘古有之。在欧洲，这一欲望在我们的音乐、艺术、文学和戏剧杰作中寻找到了其实现形式。这些杰作构成了我们全部努力的试金石。作为试金石，它们能衡量出人类的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。它们携带着最寓意深刻的主题，可在人类彼此间相互传递。1998c-e原文：这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索参考译文：the current visit to taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. although the young people on the mainland and in taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the chinese culture. they all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the chinese nation (they share the same ideal to rejuvenate the chinese nation). in this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness. people across the taiwan straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. the precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage). at this transitional phase between th