冠词用法.doc

冠词用法复习高中英语冠词用法一 冠词的种类 类别形式用法说明举例不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前a heroa workeran用在以元音音素开头的单词或字母前an orangean apple定冠词the用在名词前表特指the girlthe boy注意： 判断一个词是以元音开头还是辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母 a useful tool an old man a university an uncle a European an hour a one-day trip an honest boy a “ u ” in the word “bus” an honor a united family an x-ray二 不定冠词的用法 1）泛指一个 There is a book on the table. “相当于one ” 2) 表示一类人或东西 A (The) tiger can be dangerous. Tigers can be dangerous. 3）指初次提到的某人或某物，泛指某人的职业，阶级，宗教等。 A thief was caught by a policewoman. Freddy became a successful singer at last. 4) 用在名词前或Mr. / Mrs. / Miss / Ms. + 姓氏前，表示“某位”，有不肯定的意味，也可以表示“一位”，指某家庭的成员即：指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.A Mr. Li called you.5) 抽象名词具体化 (抽象名词表示具体事物时，其前要用不定冠词)此类名词有： honor beauty failure success pity surprise pleasure concernIts a great pleasure to meet you here.Our boss has a wide knowledge of his history.His new book was a great success.What a pleasant surprise you gave us! 不可数名词前一般不加不定冠词。但某些物质名词和抽象名词如： rain, snow, ,soup, coffee，surprise, pity, pleasure, joy, history, love, success, failure, knowledge等前常加不定冠词用来表示”一种”、”一类”、“一场”、”一阵”、”一番”、“具体的人或事”等意。如：What a big supper he had! He was really hungry 6）表示“某一”，相当于any/ every A square has four sides. Take the medicine three times a day.7）用在某些固定词组或习惯用语中 all of a sudden take an interest in in a word in a hurry in a wy have a cold have a good time take / have a rest(break) a great number/ deal of pay a visit to go for a walk make a living with a smile as a matter of fact have a try as a rule have a walk have a gift for on a diet have a word with sb. an hour or two once upon a time 例1. - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?- Sorry, wrong number. There isnt _ Mr. Smith here.A. / B. a C. the D. one 例2. - How about _ Christmas evening party? - I should say it was _ success. A. a; a B. The; a C. a; / D. the; / 例3. I wanted to catch _ early train, but I couldnt get _ ride to the station. A. an; the B. /; the C. an; / D. the; a 例4. - I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. - You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer. A. the; / B. the; a C. a; / D. a; a 例5. In _ film Cast Away. Tom Hanks plays _ man named Chuck Noland. A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a 例6. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for painting- she has won two national prizes. A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a 三 定冠词用法 特指双熟悉，上文已提及;世上独无二，序数最高级; 某些专有名，习语及乐器。1）特指的人，物，常译为“这”“那” 在被修饰限定的名词前常加定冠词 the 前文提到的事物，再度提到时，其前要用定冠词 the 表示双方皆知的人或事物 I have bought a book. The book is very useful I lost the book that I borrowed from the library. I went to a book store. But the bookstore has only few books. How do you like the movie? Will you please pass me the calculator? 2) 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前： the earth the moon the sky the sun the stars the world the universe the milky way the Internet the west the left 注：某些这类名词前若因阴、晴、雨、雪等而表现出不同的状貌，前有形容词修饰时 亦可用不定冠词。 a starry sky 星光灿烂的夜空 a full moon 满月 a red sun 一轮红日 a rough sea 波涛汹涌的大海3） 用于序数词或形容词的最高级前 Autumn is the best season in Beijing. (最高级) I can do the first question. （序数词） 注：序数词前也可加不定冠词，表示“又一，再一” a second / third / fourth +n Id like a third coffee. 我想再来一杯咖啡。 形容词最高级前也可加不定冠词，意为“非常” a most + adj. It is a most important meeting. 这是一次非常重要的会议。4) 表示“年代”的数词和比较级的特殊句型中 in the 1990s （年代） He is the taller of the two brothers. (比较级的特殊句型中)5) “ 定冠词+姓氏复数” 表示“夫妇”，“一家人”；“定冠词+姓氏所有格” 表示“的住所”The Brown are on vacation. 布朗一家正在度假。The children are at the Browns. 孩子们在布朗家。6）用于某些形容词或分词前表示一类人 the blind the rich the poor the old the young the aged the wounded the injured the learned the disabled7）用于西洋乐器前 play the piano play the violin play the guitar8) 用于普通名词构成的专有名词前 the United States the United Nations the Peoples Republic of China9) 用于“by + the + 计量单位名词”结构中，意为 “按来计算” by the ton / pound / yard / meter / kilo / kilogram by the hour / day / month 按小时，按天，按月来计算 by the dozen 按打来计算 注： 笼统的说“ 按重量/ 长度/ 大小 / 时间等”时，不用冠词， 具体地说 “按公斤/米/ 小时等”时，须用定冠词 by weight / length / depth / width eg. The waiters are paid by the hour. 对比下面两句：Eggs are sold by the dozen. Apples are sold by weight.10）用于固定搭配中 in the evening 在晚上 by the way 顺便问一下 at the moment 此时 in the end 最后 on the whole 总的来说 on the contrary 正相反 in the distance 在远处 in the habit of 有做的习惯 the whole + 名词 全部 break the ice/ silence 打破沉默 break the law 触犯法律 on the spot 当场 Ex. 1. If you grow up in _ large family, you are more likely to develop _ ability to get on well with _others. A. / ; an; the B. a; the; / C. the; an; the D. a; the; the 2. Everywhere man has cut down _ forests in order to grow crops, or to use _ wood as fuel or as building material. A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; / 3. I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _ city. I only remember it was _ Monday. A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a 4. - Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please. - Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /5. The cakes are delicious. He d like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small. A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a 6. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _Airport. A. the; a B. a; the C. / ; a D. /; the7. Of all _ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was _ most important one. A. the; a B. /; a C. /; the D. the; the8. For a long time they walked without saying _ word. Jim was the first to break _ silence. A. the; a B. a; the C. a; / D. the; /四 不用冠词的情况 1. 使用口诀 月，季，星期，节，假，洲； 呼语， 头衔， 职务前 三餐，球类，惯用语； 学科，棋类名词前 2. 用法1） 在专有名词，抽象名词，物质名词前； 泛指的复数名词前 Failure is the mother of success. Antelopes are wild animals. All roads lead to Rome. Books are the stepping stones to human progress.注：牢记英语中常见的纯不可数名词，它们永远不能与不定冠词连用 weather fun space advice word news progress information furniture 2) 星期、月份、季节、节日等名词前 Wednesday January Spring National Day New years Day Christmas Day 注： 当谈论某一具体的、特定的季节、日期、和中国传统节日时常用定冠词。 “a / an + 星期、月份”表示不确切的“某一个星期或月份” Spring is the best season of the year. I dont like the spring of Beijing. Its too sandy. The spring Festival is the most important traditional Chinese festival. I only remember that happened on a Monday. 3) 三餐前不用冠词，球类，棋牌类体育运动前 play football / basketball / volleyball / cards have breakfast / lunch / supper / dinner 注：三餐是不可数名词，但当被形容词等修饰表示具体的“一顿餐”时，其前要加不定冠词 He gave us a good lunch. 4) 语言，学科，某些疾病等名称前 English Chinese Japanese Physics Chemistry Mathematics flu liver trouble high blood pressure 例外：have a cold / cough / fever 感冒/ 咳嗽/ 发烧 5）家庭成员、头衔、呼语、职位名称前 chairman manager father 6) 名词前若有名词所有格、物主代词、指示代词或不定代词修饰时，不用冠词My phone was out of order.That pie tastes good. Come to see me any day this week.7) 与by 连用的交通工具名称之前；turn 作“变成”时; man, society, nature前不加冠词He went there by bus / bike / car / taxiMan will conquer nature (人定胜天)He was a farmer before he turned writerHe was a farmer before he became a writer8）“n. + as + 主 + 谓 ”的让步状语从句中，名词前不用冠词 Child as he is, he knows a lot. Hero as he is, he is modest. 9) 在某些固定搭配中 day and night 日夜 from morning till night 从早到晚 at best 最多 go to school 去上学 face to face 面对面 step by step 逐渐地 in short简而言之 at first 起初 by heart 牢记 lose heart 失去信心 by chance 偶然地 come to power 当权，执政 at table 就餐 at noon / dawn / daybreak / night / dusk / midnight be in bed / church / class / hospital 卧床，祈祷、上课、住院五：有无冠词意义不同at table 进餐 at church 做礼拜 at school 上学 in hospital/prison 住院/坐牢at the table 在桌子旁 at the church 在教堂里 at the school 去学校 in the hospital/prison 在医院/监狱in office 执政 by sea 乘船in the office 在办公室 the sea 在海边go to church / school / hospitalgo to the church / the school / the hospitalin charge of 负责，管理 in possession of 拥有in the charge of 由负责 in the possession of 由所拥有out of question 毫无疑问，一定 out of the question 不可能 two of us 我们中的两人the two of us 就我们两人in front of 在 的前面in the front of 在的前部a number of 许多the number of 大量的for a moment 一会儿for the moment 目前，暂时on earth 究竟on the earth 在地球上1. _ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _ packed lunch.A. A; a B. The; / C. The; a D. A; /2. Tom owns _ larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class. A. the; / B. a; / C. a; the D. /; the3. George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a4. If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _ fast one. A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. /; /5. I like _ color of you skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the6. Christmas is _ special holiday when _ whole family are supposed to get together. A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the7. We have every reason to believe that _ 08 Beijing Olympic Games wi