高考英语一轮复习 Unit 24 Society讲义 北师大版选修8.doc

unit 24 society一、刷黑板.阅读词汇(英译汉)第一屏听写 1inequality n 不平等2abortion n. 堕胎，人工流产3*household n. 一个家庭4graph n. 图表5*life expectancy 预期寿命6*consumer n. 消费者7currency n. 货币8signature n. 签名 第二屏听写 9taxpayer n 纳税人10ownership n. 所有权11rag n. 破旧衣服12*resistance n. 反抗，抵制13grill n. 烤架14vice n. 坏习惯，恶习15mutton n. 羊肉16wind sb. up 故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑) 第三屏听写 17brunch n早午餐18buffet n. 自助餐19fingernail n. 手指甲20pension n. 退休金，养老金21pregnant adj. 怀孕的22hydrogen n. 氢23format n. 格式24*leisure n. 闲暇，空闲25framework n. 结构，构架 第四屏听写 26feast n盛宴，宴会27surplus n. 盈余，剩余28sow vt. & vi. 播(种)29roundabout n. 环岛，环形交叉路口30collision n. 相撞31weed n. 杂草，野草32fountain n. 喷泉，喷水池33paddle vi. & vt 划水；涉水34wag vt. 摇摆，摆动 第五屏听写 35packet n 小盒36grocer n. 食品杂货商37league n. 联合会38ministry n. 部39poster n. 海报40edition n. 版本 第六屏听写 41alley n胡同，小巷42rectangular adj. 长方形的43mop n. 拖把44fragrant adj. 有香味的45*preservation n. 维护，保存46arch n. 拱顶47container n. 容器 第七屏听写 48relay vt.转达；传送49spoonful n. 一匙之量50*robbery n. 抢劫51*rape n. 强奸52*shoplifting n. 在商店盗窃53*penalty n. 刑罚，惩罚54*revenge n. 复仇，报复 第八屏听写 55anchor n 锚56*seaweed n. 海草，海藻57swing vi. 摇动58seagull n. 海鸥59spiritual adj. 宗教的，教会的；精神的60prayer n. 祈祷，祷告61merchant n. 商人 第九屏听写 62wax n 蜡63pan n. 锅，平底锅64semicircle n. 半圆(形)65suck vt. 含在嘴里吮食66bare adj. 赤裸的67*utopia n. 乌托邦，理想中的完美社会68buddhism n. 佛教 .高频词汇(汉译英)第十屏听写 1homelessness n无家可归2voluntary adj. 自愿的3abundant adj. 大量的4deposit vt. & vi. 存储，储蓄5govern vt. 统治，管理6accumulate v. 积累7burden n. 重担，负担8diverse_adj. 各种各样的9come_into_being 形成，存在 第十一屏听写 10adjustment n 调整，调节11resign vt. & vi. 辞职12delete vt. 删除13shrink vi. (使)收缩，缩小14show_off 炫耀，夸耀15elect vt. 选举，推选16merciful adj. 宽大的，仁慈的17knock_into_sb. 撞上某人18turning_point_ 转折点 第十二屏听写 19undertake vt. 着手做，从事20squeeze vt. 挤21thirst n. 口渴22break_into_ 闯入23fine n. 罚款24sentence n. 判决25abolish vt. 废除26on_principle_ 根据原则27sentence_sb._to_death 判某人死刑 第十三屏听写 28*furthermore adv.此外，而且29consequently adv. 所以，因此30vacant adj. 未住人的，空置的31choke vi. 窒息，噎住32virtue n. 优点，长处33rot vt. & vi. 腐烂34skip vt. 跳过35cast vt. 投下36*moreover adv. 再者，此外 二、刷清单(一)核心单词阅读单词1.inequality n不平等2.abortion n. 堕胎，人工流产3.household n. 一个家庭4.currency n. 货币5.taxpayer n. 纳税人6.ownership n. 所有权7.rag n. 破旧衣服8.bare adj. 赤裸的9.pension n退休金，养老金10.pregnant adj. 怀孕的11.format n. 格式12.leisure n. 闲暇，空闲13.framework n. 结构，构架14.feast n. 盛宴，宴会15.merchant n. 商人16.collision n. 相撞17.fountain n喷泉，喷水池18.poster n. 海报19.fragrant adj. 有香味的20.spoonful n. 一匙之量21.revenge n. 复仇，报复22.swing vi. 摇动23.spiritual adj. 宗教的；精神的24.prayer n. 祈祷，祷告表达单词1.deposit vt. & vi.存储，储蓄2.burden n. 重担，负担3.vacant adj. 未住人的，空置的4.resign vt. & vi. 辞职5.delete vt. 删除6.choke vi. 窒息，噎住7.shrink vi. (使)收缩，缩小8.virtue n. 优点，长处9.skip vt. 跳过10.cast vt. 投下11.undertake vt. 着手做，从事12.squeeze vt. 挤13.fine n. 罚款14.sentence n. 判决15.abolish vt. 废除16.moreover adv. 再者，此外 17.furthermore adv. 此外，而且18.homelessness n. 无家可归19.accumulate v. 积累20.rot vt. & vi. 腐烂语境活用1.the manager was forced to resign (辞职) his position after that serious accident.2.its reported that this company will undertake (承担) the construction of the new subway.3.the girl is only fifteen years old, but she has to be burdened (负担) with her family.4.due to the heavy rain, there were many vacant (空的) seats in the theatre this evening.5.jack was sentenced (判刑) to six months in prison because of family violence.6.to his disappointment, his name has been deleted (删除) from the list.7.it is said that their government has abolished (废除；取消) income tax for the lowpaid.8.the sad news cast (投射) a shadow over the proceedings.9.my sister tries to squeeze (挤) her feet into shoes that are too small.10.guests can deposit (寄存) their valuables in the hotel safe.11.hobbies offer knowledge and relaxation. furthermore (此外), they help improve ones mental and physical health.拓展单词1.voluntary adj.自愿的volunteer v自愿做n.志愿者2.abundant adj.大量的abundance n大量3.signature n签名sign v签名；打手势n.招牌；迹象；符号4.govern vt.统治，管理governor n统治者，总督government n政府5.adjustment n调整，调节adjust vt.调整，调节vi.使适应6.elect vt.选举，推选election n选举；当选；选择权7.merciful adj.宽大的，仁慈的mercy n宽容，仁慈8.thirst n口渴thirsty adj.口渴的9.consequently adv.所以，因此consequent adj.作为结果的；必然的consequence n结果，后果10.resistance n反抗，抵抗resist vi. & vt. 抵(反)抗，抵制11.robbery n抢劫罪rob vt.抢劫robber n抢劫犯12.diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的diversity n多种多样；多样性语境活用1.several robbers robbed the bank of an enormous sum of money, making the largest robbery of this city in the last decade.(rob)2.with the improvement of environment, diverse plants and animals appear in this area. and the diversity of creatures attracts more and more tourists.(diverse)3.in the latest election,_mary was elected chairwoman of the student union.(elect)4.to adjust herself to the study abroad, she had to make some necessary adjustments to her habits.(adjustment)5.im really thirsty and only ice water can quench (解渴) my thirst.(thirst)6.it is the governor of the city who governs the city. and he is a candidate for central government.(govern)7.being a volunteer can benefit us a lot. so we should play an active part in voluntary activities.(volunteer)(二)常用短语写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.come_into_being 形成，存在2.wind_sb.up_ 故意惹恼某人3.show_off 炫耀，夸耀4.knock_into_sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到5.break_into 闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)6.on_principle 根据原则7.sentence_sb.to_death_ 判某人死刑8.take_.seriously_ 认真对待9.be_well/better_off 过得好/过得更好10.above_all 最重要的是；首先11.do_away_with_ 废除；摆脱，消灭12.contribute_to 促进，有助于13.play_an_important_role_in 在中起重要作用14.to_start_with_ 首先15.take_._into_account 考虑；注意，体谅16.keep_an_eye_on 注意，留意1.i sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into_account.2.research suggests that fast food and soft drink directly contribute_to childhood obesity.3.i knocked_into the star you had talked about in the town this morning.4.perhaps it is true that nobody in the world knows exactly how the earth came_into_being.5.were amazed at the amazing news that he committed a crime and was_sentenced_to_death.6.we must keep_an_eye_on the stranger who is looking back and forth all the time.7.id like to buy a house, which should be modern, comfortable, and above_all_in a quiet neighborhood.8.to_start_with,_we havent enough money, and secondly were too busy.(三)经典句式原句背诵句式解构佳句仿写1.id rather you didnt mention that.我宁愿你没有提及那一点。would rather后跟从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。约翰今天想来看我。我宁愿他明天来。john wants to see me today. i would rather he came tomorrow.2.what if some married people have affairs？要是一些已婚的人有了婚外情怎么办？what if是连词词组，意为“要是怎么办”。如果下周的数学考试我不及格怎么办？what_if i fail the maths exam next week？3.they were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on peoples movements.然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。“make宾语宾语补足语”结构。我记得我向你清楚表示过我不会来。i remember i made_it_quite_clear to you that i was not coming.4.as a society, its high time that we took these issues more seriously.作为整个社会来讲，到了我们应该更加认真地考虑这些问题的时候了。its high time that sb. should do/did sth.“到某人做某事的时候了”。到了我们采取措施保护自然资源的时候了。its high time that we should_take/took_measures to preserve the natural resources.(四)初中考点再回顾高频考查类记熟文化差异类辨清易忘易错类勤览1.take_action行动起来2.take_notes 做笔记3.take a shower 洗淋浴4.take after 与相像5.take ones position 占据某人位置6.the bottom of the river 河底1.have no time to do sth.没有时间做某事2.it takes sb. time to do sth. 做某事花某人多少时间3.spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事4.get dressed 穿上衣服5.get lost 迷路6.be close to doing sth. 差点做某事1.backpack n背包2.clean up 打扫干净3.cleanup n. 大扫除4.pocket money 零花钱5.do a thorough cleaning 进行大扫除6.need repairing/need to be repaired 需要修理一、过重点单词1burden n负担，重担 vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)教材原句instead, they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay for them.相反，它们就像一种负担，因为我们每月都要将挣来的大部分钱拿出来支付贷款。(1)a burden on/to .是的负担bear (take on)/carry/reduce/share the burden 承受/担负/减少/分担重担(2)burden sb./oneself with sth. 装载；使负担be burdened with . 负重；为所累多角练透单句语法填空he insisted on working after retirement, because he didnt want to become a burden to/on his children when he was old.nowadays peasants are no longer burdened (burden) with heavy taxation.why do you burden yourself with your sisters dog? 完成句子/句式升级there will be many challenges ahead, but i have confidence that ill take_on/bear_the_burden.尽管前面有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。some parents complain that their children are_burdened_with_heavy_homework.有些家长抱怨他们孩子的家庭作业繁重。he was burdened with endless paperwork, so he didnt have time to assist you.burdened_with_endless_paperwork,_he_didnt_have_time_to_assist_you.(过去分词作状语)2undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应教材原句conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。undertaken./pron.承担undertake to do . 着手做；答应做undertake that . 答应undertake for . 为负责多角练透单句语法填空well undertake for your security while you are visiting our country.he undertook to_improve (improve) the working conditions and the workers were expecting it. 句型转换/完成句子she undertook that she would finish the job by friday last night.she undertook to finish the job by friday last night.we are supposed to undertake_the_responsibility to lead a lowcarbon lifestyle, which is of great significance.我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。3abundant adj.大量的；丰富的；充裕的经典例句there is an abundant supply of cheap labour.廉价劳动力供应充足。(1)be abundant in be rich in富有；很丰富(2)abundance n. 丰富an abundance of 丰富的，许多的in abundance 大量；富裕题点全练完成句子south africa is a developing country which is_abundant_in_natural resources.南非是一个自然资源丰富的发展中国家。if you travel in the sea, you will see an_abundance_of marine creatures.如果你在海上旅行的话，会看到很多海洋生物。there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in_abundance.我们对于原材料的需求日益增长，而有些荒野中就蕴藏着丰富的资源。4resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；使顺从教材原句his boss insisted that he work longer hours so he resigned.他的老板坚持要他更长时间地工作，所以他辞职了。resign ones job/post/position辞去工作/职位resign from . 从辞职resign oneself to (doing) sth. 顺从；使自己安于(做)某事resign as . 辞去当的职务resign . to . 把托付给多角练透单句语法填空it is reported that more and more parents resign their children to grandparents at hometown while working in the city.two members resigned from the board in protest against the decision.完成句子in order to look after her sick mother, my friend decided to resign_her_position_as_manager.为了照顾生病的母亲，我朋友决定辞去公司经理的职务。the team refused to resign_themselves_to_defeat/being_defeated.该队不甘失败。5elect vt.选举，推选；选择经典例句employees from each department elect a representative.每个部门的员工选举一名代表。(1)elect sb. to .选举某人进入elect sb.as/to be . 选举某人为elect to do sth. 选择做某事(2)election n. 选举；推举；当选run for an election 参加竞选多角练透单句语法填空after she lost the election (elect), her influence on the public was in decline.it is said that only two students will be elected to_take (take) part in the coming english contest. she became the first black woman to be elected to the senate (参议院)完成句子he has already stated his intention to_run_for_the_election.他已声明打算参加竞选。i have such a good command of english that i am_elected_as/to_be_assistant to my english teacher.我精通英语，以至于我被选为英语老师的助手。6sentence n& vt.判决；宣判；判刑教材原句in the usa in the last 100 years, 23 men have been wrongly sentenced to death and there are doubts about 400 other cases.在美国，在过去的100年里，23人已被误判为死刑，还有另外400件案例遭质疑。(1)serve a sentence服刑pass/give sentence on sb.给某人判刑(2)sentence sb.to .给某人判刑(常用被动语态)be sentenced to death/three years in prison 被判死刑/三年徒刑题点全练完成句子the prisoner has served_his_sentence_and will be released tomorrow.犯人已服刑期满，明天将被释放。his brother was_sentenced_to_death_because he was accused of murder.他的哥哥因被指控谋杀而被判处死刑。its reported that the judge passed_sentence_on the murder on may 18.据报道，法官于5月18日宣布了对杀人犯的判决。.单句语法填空1all kinds of flowers grow in abundance in the park and it looks more beautiful.2i will undertake to_feed (feed) your dogs while you are away.3the old man doesnt want to be a burden to/on his children.4they refused to resign themselves to their fate and wanted to try again.5we have not enough money; consequently (consequent) we cannot afford a new car.单句改错1a fierce fire broke out there last night. consequent, most of the building was burnt to the ground.consequentconsequently2he was elected to be a chairman of the students union at school.去掉a3in the evolution of human development and social process, scientific and technological innovation is always burdened to the important role.towith4he failed all his attempts and now he has to resign his fate. resign后加to5the old man was in despair because the judge passed sentence to his son.toon/upon.翻译句子1既然我们身为父母，我们就应该承担起照顾家人的责任。(take on/bear the burden of)since_we_are_parents,_we_should_take_on/bear_the_burden_of_looking_after_all_the_family_members.2她们答应在星期一之前完成任务。(undertake to do sth.)they_undertook_to_finish_the_task_by_monday.3众所周知，中国农产品丰富。(be abundant in)as_is_known_to_us,_china_is_abundant_in_agricultural_produce.4那个年轻人因偷了太多钱而被判了六年徒刑。(sentence)the_young_man_was_sentenced_to_six_years_in_prison_for_stealing_too_much_money.5她怜悯那个孤儿，给了他一些食物和衣服。(show mercy to)she_showed_mercy_to_the_orphan_and_gave_him_some_food_and_clothes.二、过短语、句式1knock into sb.撞上某人教材原句there is a car accident there at least once a week and today i nearly knocked into somebody crossing the road!那里每周至少有一起车祸发生，我今天差点撞上一个正在过马路的人！归纳拓展knock down/over撞倒；打倒；拆除knock at/on 敲(门、窗、墙等)knock out 撞出；敲击knock off 减价；中断，停止应用领悟if you knock into someone, youd better say “im sorry”如果你撞到某人身上，你最好说句“对不起”。he was in hospital for two months after being knocked down/over by a car.他被车撞后住了两个月的院。please knock on/at the door before you come in next time.下次在你进来之前请先敲门。2show off炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示教材原句nobody has any desire to show off and gold and silver have no value unlike in our society.没有人有任何欲望去炫耀，而且金和银没有价值这与我们的社会不同。(1)show sb.(a)round/in/out领某人参观/进来/出去show up 出席，露面；暴露(2)(be) on show(be) on display 在展出题点全练完成句子mike has only driven to the pub to show_off_his_new_car he usually walks.迈克开车来酒吧只是为了向大家炫耀他的新车，他通常是步行的。after the lecture, we_were_shown_around the school by the headmaster.讲座结束后，校长带领我们参观了校园。he promised to attend the meeting, but he hasnt_showed_up yet.他答应出席会议，但是他还没有出现。quite a number of worldfamous paintings are_on_show in this exhibition.有相当多的世界名画在本次展览会上展出。3come into being形成，存在教材原句if laws such as these came into being, a huge adjustment would be required and there would certainly be diverse reactions.如果像这样的法律能够形成的话，社会将需要作巨大的调整，而人们的反应也一定会各有不同。come into existence开始存在，建立，产生come into effect/force 生效come into use 开始使用come into power 掌权come into sight/view 看见；进入视野come into fashion 开始流行多角练透单句语法填空scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)the irish free state came into being (be) in 1922.celebrating valentines day came into fashion many years ago in china, and flower shops can sell dozens of roses at a time.完成句子when did this word come_into_use?这个词是什么时候开始使用的？a bicycle came_into_sight/view on the main road.大路上出现了一辆自行车。the new tax regulation will come_into_effect/force at the beginning of the new year.新税法将在来年年初开始生效。when did the labour government come_into_power in the uk?在美国工党政府什么时候执政的？4make宾语宾语补足语they were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made_it_easier to keep an eye on peoples movements. 然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。(1)句中是“make宾语宾语补足语”结构。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to keep an eye on peoples movements。(2)在“make宾语宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、动词不定式(不带to)等来充当。the purpose of new technologies is to make_life_easier,_not to make_it_more_difficult.新技术的目的是使生活变得更加容易，而不是变得更加困难。people in the west make_it_a_rule_to_buy christmas presents for their relatives and friends.西方国家的人常在圣诞节时给亲属和朋友购买礼物。they didnt know the native language, so they couldnt make_themselves_understood.他们不懂当地的语言，所以他们不能使当地人理解自己的意思。the boy made a face just to make_others_laugh.那个男孩做了个鬼脸，只是想逗别人笑。5what if .?what_if some married people have affairs?要是一些已婚的人有了婚外情怎么办？(1)what if .？意为“如果将怎么办？”可以看作what will happen if .？的省略形式；还可表示“即使又有什么关系”，看作是what does it matter if .的省略形式。(2)how come 意为“是怎么回事，为什么”。可以单独出现在对话的语境中，也可以在how come后接语序完整的陈述句。(3)so what？“那又怎么样？”what_if_it_rains tomorrow? will we still have soccer practice?明天要是下雨怎么办？我们还练足球吗？what if (what_does_it_matter_if) he has much money?即使他很有钱又有什么关系？since