Second Language Acquisition期末论文.doc

The Learner Motivation Influences of SLAName:范紫薇Class:A1352Number:11306010146The Learner Motivation Influences of SLAIntroduction:There are lots of differences in learning achievements and learning speed about the process of SLA while learners run essentially the same learning environment. The research that aims at this phenomenon is known as The Research of Individual Differences. The individual differences mainly investigative aspects are followings character、motivation、learning strategies、cognitive styles and so on. Learning motivation plays a important role in SLA.Adequately motivation will arouse learner supreme potential,at the same time,learner achievements acquire from the proccess of SLA also as an impetus.Actually,positive motivation will promote learners language learning,and enhances the learning efficiency. This text is mainly talk about the learner motivation influences the achievements of SLA,and includes the updated modes of language learning motivation in SLA,and different views of motivates theory at home and abroad. In order to discover the defect in SLA and advance my own learning efficiency. The methodology used in this paper are dive examples and quote.The result is Adequately motivation will arouse learner supreme potential and according to my own learning experiences that positive learning motivation will help me get a wonderful achievement while learning a second language.Literather review:There are lots of theories researched by specialists and scholars:In the1960s,Gardner and Lambert speared foreign language learning motivation into integrative motivation and instrumental motivation according to the social psychology. Instrumental motivation refers to the positive and affirmative attitude to target languages population and culture which present by learners,and expect to integrate into target phylum.Instrument motivation refers to learners in order to aspire the practical value and advantages that could acquire from learning a foreign language,such as entertainment ,work,go abroad etc.i.e. regard a language as a tool that in order to attain some kind of purpose.Usually integrative motivation learner are more successful than instrrumental motivation learners.Gardner think the foreign language motivation includes four parts:a goal,effortful behavior,a desire to attain the goal and attitude.In foreign language learning,motivation leads to favorable efficiency.Without motivation,learning is just like a burden.Therefore,its very important to inspire learner learning motivation.Dornye put forward three levels modes of motivation:language level,learner level,learning situation.Learning motivation refers to the ingenerate factor of advancing learners learning activities.English learning motivation is English language power factor and the immanent power to achieve the English learning purpose of learners arouse themselves.This paper aims at analysis the factors of influence foreign language by combine my own experience.Research of the author:The motivation of SLA is also the motivation of human behavior.It assumes the strong desire and thirst for knowledge in eager for SLA,and its an initiative and positive mentality of learners language learning.The research of Gardner&Lambert is a landmark in the history of SLA after the integratetive motivation and instrutment motivation.Most of researchers and scholars have accepted the dichotomy of two kinds of motivations.Instrument motivation is regard as the important factor of SLA at present,and the task that researched most widely.There are lots of research provides that the integrative motivation is more important especially Gardner&Lamberts research.But there are some exception.Although scholars opinion about the classification of learning motivation inSLA are varies from each other.They are agreed the importance of learning motivation toSLA.Learning motivation is also concerned by foreign language workers.Clark pointed that its important to find methods to arouse learners learning motivation,because of the group of learners are whitout being forthcoming.As English education students,its exactly a significant focus on us,were supposed to consider about it.Some learners do bad in learning foreign language,the basically reason is without a strong learning motivation is related to individual differences,SLA is a kind of new things accepting,introverts may less acceptable than extrovert personality.Gui Shichun points out that the major reasons of resulting Chinese learners learning motivation downcast is:lack of interest,or other lessons burden is too heavy to give consideration toSLA;and foreign language learning is too difficult so that learner lose self-confidence;and have conflict mentality about target language country;the last reason is thought that foreign language have nothing to do with personal major.According to those analysises,foreign language learning motivation is able to arouse.Because interest is able to arouse;condition is able to enchance;cognize is able to change.The most important point is to find the effective methods which can inspire learners learning motivation.First,learners should take great advantage of personal immanent learning motivation.Such as:curiosity,achievability,sele-confidence,active and so on.Second,foreign language teaching conditions should be advanced,and enchance its worth.Clark suggests that take advantage of personal immanent learning motivation will acquire efficiency result in SLA.For myself,as a foreign language learner,my personal immanent learning motivation is achievability.Ill fee that Im a outstanding one if I get a great score in foreign language test.This kinds of achievability will be the power that enchance my unceasingly learning motivation.Humanistic views of moyivations basic opinion about about language learning motivation theory emphasize on research human immanent motivation.According to Maslows hierarchy of needs theory.The humanistic motivation is individuals needs,value theory and the dynamic of understanding power influence to human behavior.It emphasize on every individual have immanent growth principle,and it lead every individuals behavior,motiveless individual is non-existaviourism and cognitivism theory,the most obvious feature is that it exaime the whole quality of human-how are the intelligence,emotion,and interpersonal relation influence the learning motivation;it from the most basic physiological needs to self affirmation to reflect that humans growth is by means of unceasignly satisfy dificiency motivation to achieve individuals improve and perfect.As follows:Self-actualization Needsrelizing ones full potential as a productive,creative personEsteem Needsself-esteem,esteem from othersBelongingness and Love Needsacceptance,friendshipSafety Needs,Security Needsfood,water,sex,shelterCognitive psychology cosider that human were born with distinct individual difference,and it will expand with age increasing.This is also embody in SLA,SLA learners individual differences are widely performanced in proccess of learning.Such as:cognize style,learning motivation,learning attitude,age and so on.Thereinto,age;intelligence;language learning ability,and personality characteristics are uncontrollable factors,and cognize style;learning motivation;learning perception are controllable factors.The results of many studies show that those uncontrollable factors in individual differences definite influence,but controllable factors determine the learners learning efficiency in great extant.Come back to the Gardner&Lamberts theory.Instrumental motivation refers to a learning motivation that learners aims to attain some learning purpose.Such as pass the foreign language capabilities University English Test;apply for a job and so on.In our country,this kind of learning motivation is not only commonly exist,but also the mainly factor that determine whether foreign language learners successful about each level.Its a typical example that college students attend the CET four and CET six.In order to find a great job after graduation,those who are not English major students will search for related data bu internet or library,as soon as them get into university,and extravagant hope to find a shortcut to pass the exam early.When asked the purpose to learn English,most of them will answer that in order to pass the exam.It seems that pass the exam is the mainly and only motivation about learning English.Integrative motivation refers to the motivation that learners expect to know the target language countrys culture or manners and customs,expect to know the history culture and social knowledge,learners hold a positive attitude to learn its language.For example,I have a great favor in Japanese anime,and generally its pronunciation is Japanese,I have brought many Japanese learning meterials,and take a Japanese class to learn Japanese.Integrative motivation is better promote SLA,because it plant in learners personality.On the contrary,upset attitude may lead harmful influence.Foe example,lots of learners hold conflict mentality about English learning,either vocabulary nor grammar.To them,learning a foreign language is very tough except mother tongue.According to the above analysis,a conclusion could be concluded that positive motivation play a determine role in SLA.Its very important to arouse learners learning motivation.Conclusion:In SLA,learners efforts,input of energy,spend of time are depend on their learning motivation.Therefore,the learning motivation more intense,learners will more positive and active to devote to preview before class,attentive in class,review after class in SLA learning,Learners who are not motivated to learn SLA may hold a passive learning attitude,and learning effect will greatly reduced.Learning motivation should be from lots of aspects,such as personal charactristic that learners born with language talent and have sustained interest in