高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 The Olympic Games单元知识（含解析）新人教版必修2.doc

unit2 the olympic games1. competevi. 比赛；竞争。常见搭配：compete in参加的比赛 compete with/against 与比赛/竞争compete for为争取/得到而比赛/竞争how many countries competed in the ancient olympic games？古代奥运会有多少国家参加比赛？we cant compete with them on price. 我们在价格上无法与他们竞争。young children will usually compete for their mothers attention. 小孩子们往往会在妈妈面前争宠。【拓展延伸】competition n. 比赛 in competition with与竞争competitive adj. 有竞争力的 competitor n. 比赛者；竞争对手【巧学妙记】一言巧辨competeas the youngest competitor, i had to compete in the writing contest against/with 20 other top students for the writing award. i must be very competitive to be the winner. 作为最年轻的参赛者，我必须和另外20名顶尖的学生在写作比赛中竞争以取得这次的写作奖。要成为获胜者，我必须有很强的竞争力。【跟踪典例】 语法填空1. he is hoping to compete _ the london marathon. 2. tom competed _ five other athletes _ the first prize in a race. 3. in the _, about twenty _ _ for the prize, which was quite _. (compete)【答案】1. in 2. with/against; for 3. competition; competitors; competed; competitive2. take part in参加；参与。who could not take part in the ancient olympic games？谁不能参加古代奥林匹克运动会？a lively and caring girl, anna, takes an active part in social activities. 安娜是一个活泼又有爱心的女孩，她积极参与社会活动。【特别提醒】(1)take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但是当part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词，如take an active part in 积极参加某项活动。(2)take part意为参加时，为不及物动词短语，后不跟宾语。they organized a discussion, but i didnt take part. 他们组织了一次讨论，但我没参加。【易混辨析】take part in/join in/join/attendtake part in指参加有组织的、严肃的、重大的活动join in指参加正在进行的活动或游戏等，有时可与take part in换用join指参加团体、党派和组织，成为其中的一个成员，也可用于join sb in (doing) sth (与某人一起做某事)attend相当于be present at，意为出席，参加。后常跟meeting, wedding(婚礼), course(课程), class, funeral(葬礼)等。不强调参加者在其中的作用【巧学妙记】图记各种参加 【跟踪典例】选词填空(join/join. . . in/take part in/attend)1. i tried to _ the army but was rejected because of poor health. 2. why doesnt tom _ us _ the conversation?3. unfortunately, i wont be able to _ the meeting. 4. people who _ sports must be in condition. 【答案】1. join 2. join; in 3. attend 4. take part in3.stand for代表；象征；表示。常见搭配：stand for代表；象征；表示；容忍stand by袖手旁观stand by sb支持某人stand up站起来stand out显眼；突出she is the sort of person who stands out in a crowd. 她是那种在人群中很显眼的人。how can you stand by and let him treat his dog like that? 他那样对待他的狗，你怎么能袖手旁观呢？【跟踪典例】完成句子1. 美国国旗代表自由与公平。the american flag _ freedom and justice. 2. 无论如何，我都支持你。ill _ you whatever happens. zx*x&k3. 他身材高大，因此在人群中很显眼。his height makes him _ in the crowd. 【答案】1. stands for 2. stand by 3. stand out4. admit vi. & vt. 容许；承认；接纳。常见搭配：(1)admit sb to/into 准许某人进入(或加入)be admitted as 作为被接受be admitted to/into 被录取，被接收(2)admit+ n. /doing (having done)/that-clause 承认某事/(已经)做了某事admit to sth /to doing sth 承认某事/(已经)做了某事admit sb/sth to be 承认某人/某物是it is admitted that 人们公认only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. 只有达到该比赛项目规定水平的运动员才被允许参加比赛。study hard and youll be admitted to beijing university. 努力学习，你会被北京大学录取的。the theater admits 1, 000 people. 这剧院可容纳一千人。 breaking the window. she admitted having broken the window. 她承认打破了窗户。 that she had broken the window. 【跟踪典例】1. 语法填空he was _ to beijing university and the _ made the whole village proud. (admit)2. 我承认犯错误了。(一句多译)i admitted _. i admitted _. i admitted that _. 【答案】1. admitted; admission 2. my mistake making a mistake i made a mistake.5. as well也；又；还。可单独使用，也常用于：as well as和一样好；和；也may/might as well还是为好just as well不必遗憾；无妨；没关系of course, ill do some reading for fun, and for knowledge as well. 当然，我会读些书，为了消遣，也为了获取知识。i wish i could speak english as well as he can. 我希望自己的英语讲得跟他一样好。the teacher as well as his students is going to plant trees tomorrow. 这位老师和他的学生们明天去植树。【名师点津】巧识as well as的假象当as well as连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词必须和as well as前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。since you have started the job, you might as well finish it. 既然你开始了这个工作，不妨把它做完吧。【易混辨析】as well/also/too/eitheras well多用于口语，常用在句末，一般不用逗号与句子隔开。also比较正式，通常位于实义动词的前面或系动词的后面，一般不位于句末。tootoo多用于口语中，常位于句末，前面常用逗号隔开；也可用于句中，前后用逗号隔开。either一般用于否定句中。【跟踪典例】1. he sent me a letter and some money _. 他寄给我一封信，外加一些钱。2. his wife and his children were invited to the party. his wife _ his children _ invited to the party. 3. he gave me money as well as advice. he gave me money, and advice _. 【答案】1. as well 2. as well as; was 3. as well6. replace vt. 取代；替换；代替。常用搭配：replace a with b用b替换atake sbs place=take the place of sb 代替某人；取代某人in place of sb= in ones place 代替某人so even the olive wreath has been replaced! 那就连橄榄花环都被取代了！im going to replace my old car with a new one. 我打算买辆新车来取代我那辆旧车。【跟踪典例】一句多译他不适合这项工作，我们另雇了一个人代替他。he is not fit for the job. weve hired a new one_. =he is not fit for the job. weve hired a new one _. = he is not fit for the job. weve hired a new one _. 【答案】to replace him; in place of him/in his place; to take the place of him/to take his place7. chargevt. & vi. 收费；控诉；指控；充电 n.费用；主管guests must check out before noon, or they will be charged for the day. 旅客必须于中午前办清手续离开，否则将收取全日费用。the young man is charged with robbery. 那个年轻人被指控犯有抢劫罪。what is the charge for a day at the hilton hotel? 希尔顿饭店每天收费多少?i want to see the man in charge. 我想见主管。the company is in the charge of mr. smith. 公司由史密斯先生负责。【拓展延伸】(1)charge sb for sth 为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb with (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事(2)take charge of掌管/负责 in charge of控制/管理in/under the charge of受的管理 free of charge免费【典例跟踪】they had to leave their 3-year-old daughter _ their parents when they were busy with their business. a. in the charge of b. in favour ofc. in charge of d. take charge of【答案】a。考查固定短语辨析。句意：当他们忙于他们的生意时，他们不得不让他们的父母照看3岁的女儿。in the charge of由负责；in favour of赞成，支持；in charge of管理；take charge of负责，管理，此处应用被动语态。故选a。8. bargain vi. 讨价还价；讲条件n. 便宜货；协议。常用表达：bargain with sb over/about sth 就某事与某人讨价还价make a bargain with sb 和某人达成协议get a bargain买到便宜货its a bargain. 真便宜。he asked me not to bargain with my boss. 他让我不要和我的老板讲条件。i think i have got a bargain. 我认为我买到便宜货了。【典例跟踪】语法填空1. i made a bargain _ him. 2. she bargained _ the speaker _ the price. 3. these toys are _ real bargain at such low prices. 【答案】1. with 2. with; about/over 3. a9. pick up 拾起；捡起the children picked up many sea shells at the seashore. 孩子们在海边捡到许多贝壳。【拓展延伸】pick up学会；见到；收听；搭载；恢复，好转；取，拿pick out挑出；挑选；辨别出【典例跟踪】写出pick up的词义。1. well send the ambulance to pick him up. ( )2. if you go to england youll soon pick up english. ( )3. we picked up the harbor lights as we sailed along. ( )4. industrial production is beginning to pick up. ( )5. we sent a truck to pick up the goods. ( )【答案】1. 搭载 2. 学会 3. 见到 4. 好转 5. 取，拿；装载10. deservevi. & vt. 应受(报答或惩罚)；值得。常见搭配：deserve consideration/attention值得考虑/注意deserve doing = deserve to be done值得被做deserve to do值得做be deserving of值得you deserve it. 自作自受。there are some top players, so the team deserves to win the match. 由于有一些顶级球员，所以这个队应该赢。【名师点津】 深究deserve的主动表被动deserve后接名词或doing sth，动名词常用主动形式表示被动意义，即deserve doing=deserve to be done。有此用法的动词还有want，need，require等。your suggestion deserves considering. =your suggestion deserves to be considered. 你的建议值得考虑。【典例跟踪】1. 一句多译他做了这样的事，应受到惩罚。he deserves to _ for what he did. =he deserves _ for what he did. =he deserves _ for what he did. 2. after all that hard work, you really _ a three-day holiday. a. replace b. describe c. respect d. deserve11. apart from 除了以外(还有)；除了以外。apart from playing football at school i go to sports school every weekend. 除了在学校踢足球，我每个周末都去体校。【拓展延伸】除了以外表达法荟萃besides/in addition to 除了以外(还有)except除了以外except for表示的是在整体上给以定论后，从局部上加以修正except that 除了以外，that引导从句apart from english, he has a good command of russian and french. 除英语外，他还精通俄语和法语。(=besides)he has no interests, apart from his work. 他除了自己的工作外，没什么兴趣爱好。(=except)its a good paper, apart from a few spelling mistakes. 这是一篇好论文，除了有几处拼写错误。 (=except for)【典例跟踪】_its low price, the advantage of this car lies in its good quality. z，xxka. according tob. different fromc. apart fromd. due to1. 每隔表达法p: how often do you hold your games? 帕萨尼亚斯：你们的奥运会多久举行一次？l: every four years. 李燕：每4年一次。(教材p10)【句式分析】(1)how often表示多长时间一次/每隔多久一次。how often does mary go to visit the museum? 玛丽多久去参观一次博物馆？ twice a year. 一年两次。 【易混辨析】how often/how long/how soonhow often表示多长时间一次或者每隔多久一次how long表示多长或多久, 多长时间how soon通常用于一般将来时, 意为再等多长时间/多长时间才 (2)每隔表达法：every基数词复数名词every序数词单数名词everyother单数名词everyfew复数名词the american people elect a president every four years. 美国人民每4年选举一任总统。he comes to see his uncle every third week. 他每3个星期来看望他叔叔一次。【跟踪典例】完成句子1. _ were you away last year?about two weeks. 2. _ will you be ready? in five minutes. 3. _ do you watch tv?three times a week. 4. (多久一次) do you go to the movies with your child? (每两周一次).【答案】1. how long 2. how soon 3. how often4. how often; every other week/two weeks2. nor/neither助动词/be/情态动词主语no other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！(教材p10)【句式分析】nor/neither助动词/be/情态动词主语构成倒装句型，表示也不这样，表示前面说的情况(否定情况)也适用于后者。i havent seen the film, nor/neither has mary. 我没看过这部电影，玛丽也没看过。【拓展延伸】1. so助动词/be/情态动词主语，意为也是如此，表示前面说过的情况(肯定情况)也适用于后者。he went to yaan as a volunteer, and so did his brother. 他作为志愿者去了雅安，他哥哥也是。2. so主语助动词/be/情态动词，表示说话人同意对方的观点或对前文内容加以强调或肯定，意为的确如此。it was very cold yesterday. 昨天很冷。so it was. 确实如此。3. 如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型so it is with /it is the same with。the girl is very clever, but she doesnt study hard. 这个女孩很聪明，但是她不认真学习。it is the same with her brother. 她哥哥也是如此。【跟踪典例】i would never come to this restaurant again. the food is terrible!_.a. nor am ib. neither would ic. same with med. so do i3. the+比较级，the+比较级this is important because the more you speak english, the better your english will become. 这很重要，因为你英语说得越多，你的英语就会越好。(教材p16)【句式分析】句中含有the+比较级(+主语+谓语)，the+比较级(+主语+谓语)。 此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为越就越，前者相当于一个条件句，因此，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。the more a man knows, the more he is inclined to be modest. 谚大智若愚。【典例跟踪】完成句子1. 我越了解他就越喜欢他。the better i knew him, _. 2. 题目越难我越答不出。the more difficult the questions are, _. 【答案】1. the more i liked him2. the less likely ill be able to answer them一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，且动作发生在将来某一时刻或阶段。1. 一般将来时的被动语态的四种句式肯定式 will/shall主语+ be going to +be done be to否定式 will/shall not主语+ be not going to +be done be not to一般疑问式will/shall+主语be+主语+going to +be done?be+主语+to特殊疑问式 will/shall+主语特殊疑问词+ be+主语+going to +be done? be+主语+tothe building will be built next month. 这栋楼下个月将开工。(肯定式)he will not be punished by his mother even if he breaks the cup. 即使当他打碎杯子时，他也不会被他妈妈惩罚。(否定式)will the new plan be discussed at the meeting this afternoon? 在今天下午的会议上会讨论这项新计划吗？(一般疑问式)when will the new plan be discussed? 这项新计划将何时讨论？(特殊疑问式)2. 一般将来时的被动语态运用中的几个需要注意的问题(1)含双宾语的情况。my aunt will buy me a shirt as my birthday present. i will be bought a shirt (by my aunt) as my birthday present. a shirt will be bought for me (by my aunt) as my birthday present. 【名师点睛】含有双宾语的主动语态在变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语改为主语，另一个不变。习惯上把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。如果把直接宾语改为主语，则在间接宾语前加to或for。(2)含复合宾语的情况。well ask him to help you tomorrow. he will be asked to help you (by us) tomorrow. the boss will make him work late to finish the work. he will be made to work late (by the boss) to finish the work. 【特别提醒】主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语成为主语补足语)。但如果主动句的宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，在变成被动句时，则需加上to。(3)含短语动词的情况。the little dog will be taken care of by their neighbor while they are away. 他们不在家的时候，小狗将由他们的邻居代为照顾。heated to 100 , water will be turned into steam. 加热到100摄氏度时，水将会变成蒸汽。the old temple will be pulled down next month. 下个月那座古庙将被拆除。【特别提醒】短语动词变被动语态时不能漏掉介词或副词。(4)被动语态与系动词表语的区别。the car was locked by jack. (被动语态)车被杰克锁上了。the car is locked now. (系动词表语)现在车是锁着的。【易混辨析】被动语态系动词+表语意义表示动作表示状态主语与动词的关系句子的主语是动作的对象过去分词相当于形容词, 说明主语的状态如何写关于最喜欢的运动的文章首先明确题目要求。向别人描述你最喜欢的一项运动，主要写出你对这项运动的热爱，并列举出令人信服的理由。其次确定时态。该体裁常用一般现在时态，但在介绍你喜欢上这项运动的经历时，应用一般过去时态。最后应注意以下几个步骤：第一部分：开门见山，指出你所喜欢的运动，并简单介绍基本情况。第二部分：说明你喜欢这项运动的原因。第三部分：谈谈自己最喜欢的运动员，说说将来的希望。【亮点句式】1. sports benefit me in many ways. 2. i can learn that on the playground i not only struggle for myself but also fight for my team. 3. my favourite sport is. . . 4. the reason why. . . is that. . . 5. in a word, i love. . . most. 6. i started to play. . . when i was. . . 7. now do you see why everyone wants to be like ?【典例】根据下面的提示写一篇短文，介绍你最喜欢的体育运动。1. 你最喜欢的体育运动是足球；2. 父亲是个足球运动员，参加过各种比赛；正是在他的影响下，你才对足球显现出了兴趣；1998年的法国世界杯(world cup)对你也产生了影响，至今仍记得其主题曲(theme song)，于是喜欢上了足球；3. 去年被一支足球队吸收成为一员，现在担任队长(captain)、前锋(forward)；每天写完作业后你跟朋友一起踢球；足球值得你的投入和热爱；4. 最喜爱的球员是阿根廷(argentina)的梅西(messi)，最大的愿望是能成为像他那样的巨星，希望能代表国家在世界杯的舞台上踢球。要求：包括所有要点，可适当发挥。词数：120左右。【审题谋篇】体裁描述性说明文话题介绍你喜欢的体育运动时态以一般现在时为主人称以第一人称为主【参考范文】of all the sports, i like playing football best.my father is a footballer and has taken part in all kinds of competitions. it was under his influence that i began to show an interest in it. besides, i was deeply influenced by the 1998 world cup in france, whose theme song i still remember. last year, i was admitted into a football team, in which i play as a forward as well as being its captain. i play football with my friends every day after finishing my homework. it deserves my devotion and love. my favorite player is messi from argentina. my greatest