高考英语一轮复习 专题01 Friendship（押题专练）（含解析）.doc

专题01 friendship第一节阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中选出最佳选项。you probably know who marie curie was，but you may not have heard of rachel carson.of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?jane addams(18601935)anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has jane addams to thank.addams helped the poor and worked for peace.she encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.in 1931, addams became the first american woman to win the nobel peace prize.rachel carson (19071964)if it werent for rachel carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.her popular 1962 book silent spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.sandra day oconnor (1930present)when sandra day oconnor finished third in her class at stanford law school, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.she became an arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981, the first woman to join the us.supreme court.oconnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.rosa parks (19132005)on december 1，1955, in montgomery, alabama, rosa parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.her simple act landed parks in prison.but it also set off the montgomery bus boycott.it lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement.“the only tired i was，was tired of giving in，” said parks.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了不同领域的四位女性先驱。1what is jane addams noted for in history?aher social work.bher teaching skills.cher efforts to win a prize.dher community background.答案：a2what was the reason for oconnors being rejected by the law firm?aher lack of proper training in law.bher little work experience in court.cthe discrimination against women.dthe poor financial conditions.解析：细节理解题。根据sandra day oconnor下的第一句when sandra day oconnor finished third in her class at stanford law school.可知，她在斯坦福大学法学院受过教育，并非缺少正规的法律培训，故a项错误；文中未提及她在法庭上的工作经验少，故b项错误；根据.she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是因为她是一名女性，这与c项“对于女性的歧视”相符，故选c项；文中未提及她的经济状况，故d项错误。答案：c3who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the us.?ajane addams.brachel carson.csandra day oconnor. drosa parks.解析：细节理解题。根据rosa parks下的.it also set off the montgomery bus boycott.it lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civilrights movement.可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运动，故选d项，是rosa parks对美国的民权运动做出了很大贡献。答案：d4what can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?athey are highly educated. bthey are truly creative.cthey are pioneers. dthey are peacelovers.答案：c第二节七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。secret codes(密码) keep messages private.banks，companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.people have used secret codes for thousands of years._1_ code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.the science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.there are three main types of cryptography._2_ for example, the first letters of “my elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “meet me.”_3_ you might represent each letter with a number, for example.lets number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.if we substitute a number for each letter, the message “meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”a code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.to read the message of a real code, you must have a code book._4_ for example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” the message “bridge out” would actually mean “meet me.”_5_ however，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.so codes must be changed frequently.ait is very hard to break a code without the code book.bin any language，some letters are used more than others.conly people who know the keyword can read the message.das long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.eyou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.fwith a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.ganother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.答案：15degfa第三节完形填空阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从120题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。a heroic driver(2016全国卷)larry works with transport drivers, inc.one morning in 2009, larry was _1_ along 165 north after delivering to one of his _2_suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on._3_ he got closer，he found _4_ vehicle upside down on the road.one more look and he noticed _5_ shooting out from under the _6_ vehicle.larry pulled over, set the brake and _7_ the fire extinguisher(灭火器)two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.the man who had his bright lights on _8_ and told larry he had _9_ an emergency call.they _10_ heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked(毁坏的) vehicle._11_ the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.they told her to stay _12_ until the emergency personnel arrived，_13_ she thought the car was going to _14_larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move _15_ she injured her neck.once fire and emergency people arrived, larry and the other man _16_ and let them go to work.then, larry asked the _17_ if he was needed or _18_ to go.they let him and the other man go.one thing is _19_larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle！his _20_ most likely saved the womans life.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了运输司机拉里在路上冒险救人的故事。你想知道他的英勇事迹吗？快读一下文章吧！1a.walkingbtouringctraveling drushing解析：上下文语境题。根据文章的第一句话可知，拉里是一名运输司机，2009年的一天上午，他在运送完他的一个客户的货物后，在公路上行进(travel)。walk走，步行；tour旅游，观光；travel旅行，行进；rush急速行进。答案：c2a.passengers bcolleaguescemployers dcustomers答案：d3a.since balthoughcas dif解析：下文语境题。根据下文的he found.(他发现)知，此处是指当(as)他靠近时。since既然，自以来；although虽然，尽管；as当的时候；if如果，假如。答案：c4a.each banothercthat dhis解析：下文语境题。前文提到了一辆亮着汽车大灯的车，下文又提到了另一(another)辆车。答案：b5a.flames bsmokecwater dsteam解析：下文语境题。根据空格后的shooting out from under.(从下面冒出)以及下文的the fire extinguisher知是火焰(flame)。flame火焰；smoke烟；water水；steam蒸汽。答案：a6a.used bdisabledcremoved dabandoned解析：下文语境题。下文的wrecked(毁坏的)与disabled(有障碍的，残疾的)一致。汽车在事故中受了损害，应该用disabled来修饰，disabled vehicle失去行驶能力的车辆。used用过的；disabled有障碍的，残疾的；abandoned被抛弃的，被遗弃的；removed是remove的过去分词，意为“被移走的，被清除的”。答案：b7a.got hold of bpreparedctook charge of dcontrolled解析：上下文语境题。根据上文的pulled over，set the brake and.和下文的the fire extinguisher可知，拉里先向路边停靠，然后踩刹车，最后抓住(get hold of)灭火器。get hold of抓住；prepare准备；take charge of负责；control控制。答案：a8a.came down bcame throughccame in dcame over解析：下文语境题。根据空格后的told larry知是走过来(come over)。come down下降，降低；come through收到，传来，获批准；come in进来；come over过来。答案：d9a.returned breceivedcmade dconfirmed解析：固定搭配题。make an emergency call打紧急呼救电话。return回来，归还；receive收到；make进行，制造；confirm确认，证实，认可。答案：c10a.then bagaincfinally deven答案：a11a.starting bparkingcpassing dapproaching解析：下文语境题。根据下文的saw(看见)知是靠近(approach)汽车。start开动，开始； park停车；pass通过；approach接近，靠近。答案：d12a.quiet bstillcaway dcalm解析：词义辨析题。根据下文的until the emergency personnel arrived可知，他们告诉她在紧急救援人员来之前不要动(stay still)。quiet静静的，常表示一个人的性情稳定或外表安静；still静止的，不动的；away离开；calm平静的，镇静的。答案：b13a.for bsocand dbut答案：d14a.explode bslip awaycfall apart dcrash解析：上下文语境题。根据下文的put out the fire(扑灭了火)知，此处是指车里的女士担心汽车会因起火而爆炸(explode)。explode爆炸；slip away逃走；fall apart破裂，崩溃；crash碰撞，坠毁。答案：a15a.as if bunlesscin case dafter解析：上文语境题。她不应该动，以免(in case)伤了脖子。as if好像，似乎；unless除非，如果不；in case以防万一；after在之后。答案：c16a.stepped forward bbacked offcmoved on dset out解析：下文语境题。根据空格后的let them go to work(让他们去工作)知，空格处是指拉里和另一个人往后退(back off)了。step forward往前走；back off往后退；move on继续往前；set out出发，动身。答案：b17a.woman bpolicecman ddriver解析：下文语境题。根据下文的they let him知，空格处是表示复数的名词，有此用法的是集合名词police。woman女人；police警察；man男人；driver司机。答案：b18a.forbidden breadycasked dfree解析：下文语境题。根据下文的let him and the other man go可知，拉里应该是问警察是否还需要他还是没什么事他可以走了。forbid禁止；ready准备好的；ask要求，请求；free自由的，空闲的。答案：d19a.for certain bfor considerationcreported dchecked答案：a20a.patience bskillscefforts dpromise解析：上文语境题。根据上文发生的事情知，拉里的努力(effort)挽救了那位女士的性命。patience耐心；skill技巧；effort努力；promise承诺，诺言。答案：c第四节语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。(2015广东卷)mr.johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.he owned 1._ farm，which looked almost abandoned.2._ (lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.he sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 3._ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 4._ (leave)the cow was their only means of support，in fact.one day，the cow was eating grass 5._ it began to rain heavily.while making great efforts to run away，she 6._ (fall) over the hill and died.then the johnsons had to make a living 7._ the cow.in order to support his family，mr.johnson began to plant