高考英语一轮复习 每日一题（第13周）同位语从句和定语从句的区别（含解析）.doc

同位语从句和定语从句的区别高考频度： 难易程度： is it true that mike refused an offer from yale university yesterday? yeah, but i have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities. a. when b. whyc. that d. how【答案】b 【解析】此处_ he did it对名词idea解释说明，是同位语从句。答句句意：我不知道mike为什么放弃了耶鲁大学，那是他最喜欢的大学之一。a项表时间，d项表方式，均不合题意。have no idea = do not know，后面的从句应该表示疑问，排除表确定事实的c项。故本题选择b项。why表示原因。【应试必备】 如何区别定语从句与同位语从句同位语从句和定语从句从表面来看十分相似，但实质上是截然不同的两种从句：（3）引导词that在同位语从句中不作句子成分；而在定语从句中必作句子成分，是从句所修饰的词的替代词。试比较：thefactthatthechinesepeopleinventedthecompassisknowntoall.中国人发明指南针这个事实是众所周知的。（同位语从句）thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.我们谈论的这个事实很重要。（定语从句）如何区别同位语从句和定语从句同位语从句和定语从句在形式上基本相同，都是跟在名词或代词之后，且又常由that引导。但它们的句法功能却是不同的，我们可以从三个方面来加以区别。（1）根据that来区别。引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除了起连接主句和从句的作用外，还代替先行词在从句中充当一个成分。而且这个that还常可以用which来代替。引导同位语从句的that是个连词，只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也不能用which来代替。例如：thefactthat（which）wetalkedaboutisveryimportant.我们所谈论的那个事实很重要。（that在从句中作about的宾语）thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。（that只起连接作用）herecomesthenewsthatsometouristsfromamericawillcometoourvillage.消息传来，说一些美国旅游者要来我们村。（that只起连接作用）（2）根据先行词来区别。体内容）（3）根据引导词来区别。如果引导从句的词为when，where，why或者how，而其前面的名词又分别表示时间、地点、原因或方式方法等意义，则它们为关系副词，引导的是定语从句。例如：illneverforgetthedaywhenisawthegreatwall.我永远不会忘记我见到长城的那一天。thisistheroomwhereluxunoncelived.这是鲁迅曾住过的屋子。而这些连接副词与前面的名词意义不相关时，这些词便是连接副词，引导同位语从句前面的名词往往也是idea，truth，news等。如：thequestionwhenwewillstarttheworkisnotdecided.我们何时开始工作的问题尚未决定。youhavenoideahowworriediwas.你不知道我是多么担心。1.the belief,as is a commonly accepted saying _ practice makes perfect fails to work wonders if repeated without action.a.whatb.whichc.thatd.where2.it is the promise _ the government will ban students from using mobile phones at school _ excites the teachers and parents.a.that, thatb.which, thatc.不填 ; thatd.that, which3.the information sent by the robots from mars has offered a scientific proof _ there existed water on mars.a.ifb.whetherc.whered.that4.the news spread quickly through the village_the war had ended, _made villagers wild with joy.a.which; thatb.that; whatc.that; whichd.what; which5.there is hard evidence_george has something to do with the murder.a.whichb.what