高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题12 特殊句式（含解析）.doc

专题12 特殊句式特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。 热点题型一 倒装句 例1、in front of the farmhouse _ (lie) a peasant boy.【答案】lay【提分秘籍】1全部倒装(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, on the wall, under the tree等置于句首，且主语是名词时。john opened the door.there stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，那儿站着一位他从来没见过的女孩。just in front of the bus lies an injured man, all covered with blood.公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。(2)代词such放在句首，且在句中作表语时。such are the facts; no one can deny them.这些就是事实；没有人可以否认。(3)为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密，常将作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首，引起全部倒装。seated in the first line are some advanced workers.坐在第一排的是一些资深工人。present at the meeting were some scientists from china.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。away they went.他们走了。【举一反三】 _ (sit) under the tree was a charming girl aged about seventeen or eighteen.【解析】考查动词形式变化。根据句式结构可以判断，该句为全部倒装，句子主语是“a charming girl”，用进行时态，故填sitting。句意：在树下坐着一个十七八岁的女孩。【答案】sitting热点题型二 部分倒装例2、 from the picture we know, _ happy do the children feel that they are wild with joy.【答案】so【提分秘籍】 (1)so/neither/nor助动词/情态动词主语(表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物)if joes wife wont go to the party, neither will he.如果joe的妻子不参加晚会，他也不去。she has been to new york. so have i.她去过纽约，我也去过。注意：so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。it is too hot.so it is.天太热了。是啊，的确很热。(2)表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时当not, never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, no, nowhere, not only, not until, at no time, by no means, in no way等词或短语位于句首时。not a single song did she sing at yesterdays party.在昨天的晚会上她一首歌也没有唱。at no time will china be the first to use the nuclear weapon.在任何情况下中国决不会第一个使用核武器。(3)在so/such.that.句型中，若so/such.提到句首时in such a hurry did he leave the office that he forgot to lock the door.他离开办公室时太匆忙了，结果忘了锁门。(4)当“only状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时only after my friend came was the computer repaired.只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。(5)表语、状语或动词原形as/though主语其他时，句子要倒装much as i like it, ill not buy it.尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。pretty as she is, she is not proud.尽管她很漂亮，但她一点也不自负。try as he would, he might fail again.尽管他还会试，但可能还会失败。(6)hardly.when., no sooner.than., not only.but also.等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。hardly/scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.他一听到这个消息就哭了。the computer was used in teaching. as a result, not only was teachers energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons.电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(7)在省略if的虚拟条件句中(当条件从句中有were，had, should时)had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.要是早复习了功课，你有可能就通过考试了。should it not rain, we would go for a picnic tomorrow.要是明天不下雨，我们就可以去野餐了。【举一反三】 only by communicating with each other more frequently _ they clear away the misunderstandings and solve the conflict.【解析】根据句式结构可以看出，该题考查的是倒装句，“only状语”位于句首，主句要部分倒装，结合语意可知答案是can。句意：只有通过经常沟通，他们才能清除误会，解决问题。【答案】can热点题型三 强调句例32017天津卷 it was when i got back to my apartment _ i first came across my new neighbours.awho bwhere cwhich dthat【提分秘籍】1强调句的基本句型是“it is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语或状语等。it is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少而是我们将多少爱投入到我们所从事的事业中。2强调句的特殊句式强调句的特殊句式结构构成例句一般疑问句is/was it被强调部分that/who句子其他部分？was it tom who was to blame？就是汤姆应负责任吗？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词is/was itthat句子其他部分？the patient looks much better.what is it that has made him what he is today？那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？xk.w 强调句的特殊句式结构构成例句not until句式it is/was not until.that句子其他部分 it was not until midnight that we got home because of traffic jams.因为交通阻塞，直到半夜我们才到家。not.but.句式it is not.that.，but./it is not.but.that.it is not quantity but quality that counts.重要的不是数量而是质量。 3用助动词强调谓语如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词，我们在该动词前加助动词do, does或did。many of the films are from the usa, but we do give awards to films from other countries.许多电影来自于美国，但我们的确也给其他国家的影片颁奖。he did come to see you last sunday, but you were out.他上周日的确来看过你，但是你出去了。【举一反三】 it was with great joy _ tom received the news _ his lost son had been found.【解析】第一空考查强调句型，强调的是状语with great joy；第二空考查同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分也不缺少语义，故应填that。句意：tom非常高兴，他收到了他丢失的儿子被找到的消息。【答案】that that热点题型四 省略句例4、im sorry to tell you that you made a mistake in your test.how can that be? i did it as _ (tell) in class.【答案】told【提分秘籍】 1在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。the experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health.实验表明，如果有规律地进行适量运动能强身健体。get up early tomorrow, if not (you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus.明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。2im afraid, i think, i believe, i hope, i guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。do you think it will rain?i hope not (that it will not rain)你认为会下雨吗？我希望不下。do you believe our team will win?i guess so.你相信我们队会赢吗？我猜会赢。3不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等的后边。i asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.我请他去看电影，但他不想去。will you join in the game?id be glad to.你愿意加入做游戏吗？我很高兴加入。(2)如果不定式中含有be, have, have been，通常保留be, have和have been。are you a sailor?no, but i used to be.你是海员吗？不，但我过去是。热点题型五 反意疑问句及其他例5、 a bit more effort, i think, _ you will settle the problem.【答案】and【提分秘籍】 1反意疑问句(1)祈使句式的反意疑问句肯定的祈使句，简短问句用will you/wont you。否定的祈使句，简短问句用will you。lets和let us引导的祈使句：lets表“建议，征询”之意时，含听话者在内，故简短问句用shall we；let us表“建议、征询”之意时，不含听话者在内，故简短问句用will you。lets go out for a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们散散步，好吗？1反意疑问句(1)祈使句式的反意疑问句肯定的祈使句，简短问句用will you/wont you。否定的祈使句，简短问句用will you。lets和let us引导的祈使句：lets表“建议，征询”之意时，含听话者在内，故简短问句用shall we；let us表“建议、征询”之意时，不含听话者在内，故简短问句用will you。lets go out for a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们散散步，好吗？2句型：祈使句and/or/otherwise简单句(多用将来时)(1)祈使句/名词短语and简单句表示“如果，就”“only two centimeters higher，and you will break the world record，” encouraged the coach.“再高两厘米，你将打破世界纪录”，教练鼓励说。bring the flowers into a warm room and theyll soon open.将花放到暖和的房间里，它们将会很快开放。(2)祈使句or/otherwise简单句表示“否则”dont drive so fast or/otherwise youll have an accident.不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。注意：分词作状语结构主句与该句型，如不细心容易弄混，关注有没有连词即可。 1. 2017天津卷 it was when i got back to my apartment _ i first came across my new neighbours.awho bwhere cwhich dthat【答案】d【解析】考查强调句型。本句强调的是when i got back to my apartment。强调句的判断方法是先将it is/was与that去掉，然后检验此句是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断“when i got back to my apartment，i first came across my new neighbours.”句子成分完整，由此可断定本句是强调句，空格处应填that。句意：正是当我回到我的公寓时，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。1.【2015湖南】31.always _ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.a. to keep b. to have keptckeep dhave kept【答案】c 【解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选c。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。2.【2015天津】3. only when lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home. a. she realized b. has she realized c. she has realized d. did she realize【答案】d【解析】句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知选d。3.【2015湖南】21.it was when we were returning home _ i realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.a. whichb. thatc. whered. how【答案】b1(2014大纲全国卷)not only _the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.【答案】do【解析】考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅希望涨工资，还希望减少工时。not only.连接并列分句置于句首时，其后要用倒装。2(2014湖南卷)only when you can find peace in your heart _ good relationships with others.(will you keep, you will keep)【答案】will you keep【解析】考查倒装句式和时态。句意：只有当你能找到内心的安宁时，你才能与他人保持良好的关系。本句以only开头，故主句部分要用部分倒装，且根据句意可知，主句需用一般将来时。3(2014福建卷)it was the culture, rather than the language, _made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.【答案】that4(2014天津卷)give me a chance, _ill give you a wonderful surprise.【答案】and【解析】考查连词。句意：给我一个机会，我会给你一个惊喜。从句子的意思来看，前后两句为顺承关系。“祈使句and陈述句”，两个分句之间是顺承关系，其中祈使句可以是名词短语。5(2014陕西卷)no sooner _ mo yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.【答案】had【解析】本题考查倒装句以及时态。句意：莫言一登上舞台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner.than.“一就”是一个固定搭配，而且主句通常用过去完成时态；no sooner置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。这个句子转化为陈述句为：mo yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.6(2014四川卷)was it because jack came late for school _ mr. smith got angry?【答案】that【解析】考查强调句。句意：史密斯先生生气是因为杰克上学迟到了吗？强调句用来引起他人注意，其结构是：“it is/was被强调的部分that/who. . . ”，可译为：“正是”或“就是”。强调句的一般疑问句结构是：is/was it.that/who.？本题中是对原因状语从句“because jack came late for school”进行强调。7(2014湖南卷)_(make) what youre doing today important, because youre trading a day of your life for it.【答案】make【解析】考查特殊句式。句意：让你今天所做的(变得)重要，因为你是在以付出你生命中的一天来交换的。“because youre trading”是一个原因状语从句，故前面应是主句，是一个完整的句子，make是动词原形，构成一个祈使句。8(2014湖南卷)all we need _(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：所有我们需要的是我们在一年中生长的季节能种植各种各样果树的一小块土地。all we need相当于all that we need，作主语，谓语动词用单数；且本句表达的是客观需要，故用一般现在时。9(2014湖南卷)its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do _ makes life happy.【答案】that【解析】考查强调句型。句意：让生活快乐的不是做我们喜欢的事，而是喜欢我们必须要做的事。its.that.是一个强调句型。10. (2014四川卷)_me tomorrow and ill let you know the lab result.【答案】call【解析】考查特殊句式。句意：明天给我打电话，我就告诉你实验结果。分析句子结构可知，这是“祈使句and陈述句”句式，因此应用动词原形开头。在空白处填上正确的内容(1个单词)。1 only when our project has been approved of by the committee _ we start to carry it out.答案：can考查倒装句。“only状语”位于句首，主句要部分倒装，根据句意可知填can。句意：只有我们的项目被委员会批准了，我们才可以执行。2try hard _ i might, i can attach no definite meaning to this rather grand sentence.答案：as/though根据结构可知考查as/though引导让步状语从句引起的倒装。其中的名词/形容词/副词/动词提前。句意：尽管我尽力去做，我仍不能明确这个复杂句子的含义。3 my voice was so little, and the shop owner had to bend down to hear _ it was that i wanted to buy.4 _ he _ (predict) the disaster, he couldnt have taken his girl friend to the 2015. new years celebration at the bund, shanghai.答案：had; predicted根据句子结构可以判断该题考查虚拟语气中省略if后引出的倒装，主句使用“wouldnt have done”可知该虚拟条件表示与过去相反，省略if后要提前had。句意：如果他能预见灾难发生，他就不会带他女朋友去上海外滩参加新年庆祝活动了。5little _ we know that the region was rich in natural resources about four decades ago.答案：did根据句式结构分析。可以判断该题考查否定词位于句首而引起部分倒装，结合下文中的“was”使用一般过去时，可知答案是did。句意：四十年前我们几乎不知道这个区域有丰富的自然资源。6“not until i knew much about the nanjing massacre”，the foreigner says“_ i understand the significance of setting the national memorial day”答案：did根据句式结构分析，可以判断该题考查否定词位于句首引起的部分倒装句，从上文中的knew可知答案是did。句意：“直到我了解了南京大屠杀，我才明白设立全国哀悼日的重大意义。”那个外国人说。7it doesnt matter if they want to come to your birthday party, _ it?答案：does考查反意疑问句，根据反意疑问句的原则，反意疑问句一般以主句为依据，根据it doesnt matter转换为反意疑问句，故用does。句意：他们来不来参加你的生日派对并不重要，对吗？8its not what you love in your life but _ you have in your life _ matters.答案：what; that第一空考查“not.but.”句式，强调句型强调的主语被“not.but.”连接起来，主语从句中缺少宾语，故用what；第二空为强调句型中的that。句意：在人生中不是你喜欢什么重要，而是你人生中拥有什么重要。9it was the culture, rather than the language, _ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.答案：that考查强调句型。强调的是句子的主语，主语被rather than连接起来。句意：是文化而不是语言，使他很难适应国外的环境。10if you go to the wildlife park, youll find the places there more dangerous than commonly _ (suppose)答案：supposed考查省略句，suppose与逻辑主语places之间为被动关系，因此填过去分词supposed。句意：如果你去野生动物园，你会发现那些地方比认为的危险很多。11_ (give) a push, an object will move forward and do work.12did you finish your work?no, i wasnt able to, _ you?答案：were考查反意疑问句。句子主语i在反问时换为you, 动词为were，故答案是were。句意：你完成工作了吗？没有，我不会，你呢？13comparison may make something appear more beautiful than it is when _ (see) alone.答案：seen考查省略句。省略的是“主be”，其中see与something之间为被动关系，故填seen。句意：对比会使一些事物看起来比单独被看时的本色更美。14so heavy _ the load that i felt great relief after taking it off.答案：was考查“so.that.”句式中把so的整体部分提前放在句首时的倒装。正常顺序“the load was so heavy that.”。句意：这个负担很重，以致于在卸下来后，我感到如释重负。15on the top of the hill _ (stand) a temple _ the old man once lived.答案：stands; where第一空考查全部倒装，主谓颠倒，主语是a temple，故谓语用单数，第二空考查定语从句，先行词表地点，且从句中不缺主语和宾语，故填where。句意：山顶上有一座庙，庙里曾住着一位老人。：语篇语法填空(重点考查特殊句式)joyce：what do you think of the lead teachers speech?caroline：i think it was _1_ (interest)joyce：_2_ do i. i hear mike is likely to win all the prizes in the exams this year.caroline：yes, his teacher says so. he _3_ (work) hard at his lessons every evening for months. he wants to go to oxford university next year.xk/wjoyce：i hope he will realize his goal.caroline：i hope so. _4_ i think he works too hard. i hope hell go out and enjoy _5_ for a change. how about your son carl?joyce：dont mention him. carl never starts studying.caroline：youre joking. i heard that carl _6_ (win) the composition prize.joyce：you have made _7_ mistake. that is white carl. my son is brown carl. the whites live in the same community _8_ we do. white carl has always been so hard working. he wants to be a _9_ (write). my son likes going to the concert. he only likes singing.caroline：_10_ he practices singing, he will become a singer in the future.joyce：not all people can become a singer. i dont think he has the talent.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._本文讲述的是caroline与joyce在谈论班主任演讲的情况，并对班主任老师的表现进行评述。1interesting考查形容词作表语。指老师的发言有趣，所以填interesting。2so考查so的倒装用法。根据句子意思“我也是这样认为的”所以用so。3has been working考查现在完成进行时。分析句子结构空处是作谓语，根据“is likely to win”和时间状语“for months”知一直在准备直至现在还在进行中，所以用现在完成进行时。4but根据前后完整的两个句子之间的逻辑关系知是转折，所以用but。5himself分析句子结构是作宾语，根据意思是让他自己放松一下，所以用himself。6had won分析句子结构可知空处是作从句的谓语，根据句子的语境知在heard之前发生，表过去的.完形填空mr. jackson was blind from birth. he owned a fruit _1_ on a very busy street. _2_ he was visually disabled, he ran his business pretty handsomely. he could see nothing and he could only _3_ the things within his reach. _4_， he was able to handle it and was content with everything he had.one day his son came to him. he told mr. jackson in _5_ that he read in the newspaper of a _6_ who could operate on his eyes and allow him to see. the father and son traveled to the doctor and paid for the _7_.after the operation, the doctor asked mr. jackson: “what is the first thing you are _8_ to see when i take the bandages off？” he replied, “i really want to see my beautiful _9_ on my stand！”the doctor and the son _10_ mr. jackson down to the busy street where his fruit stand had been located for so many years. the doctor _11_ unwrapped the bandages _12_ he could lay his eyes on the beautiful fruit! mr. jackson was so full of _13_ that he could finally see his lifes worktaking care of his fruit! after a few hours of _14_ his beautiful fruit stand, he looked down the street both ways and saw there were quite a few fruit stands in both directions. he looked _15_ the street and saw many other fruit stands. he spent so much time looking at other peoples fruit stands and _16_ the competition that soon his own business _17_.from mr. jacksons failure, we should know that everyone is a _18_ individual with different fingerprints, dna and thinking. what we need to do is just be ourselves and _19_ everyone else to be who they are. mind our own business and we should never be afraid of the _20_.该文通过杰克逊的故事告诉我们：每个人都是独一无二的，我们要做的就是做自己，管好自己的事情，这样我们将不怕与他人竞争。1a.standbcompanycstore dcenter答案：a 根据下文第9题处“i really want to see my beautiful _9_ on my stand”的提示可知，杰克逊有一个水果摊。2a.because bas calthough dwhen答案：c此处表示尽管他失明了，但是他的生意做得相当好。根据语境中的逻辑关系，应选择c。3a.remember bdescribecimagine dfeel答案：d 根据文章第一句及前文的“he could see nothing”可知，杰克逊失明了，什么也看不见，所以他只能感受(feel)他手边的东西。4a.therefore bhowever cotherwise dbesides答案：b 下文说他能够应对这一切，与前文构成转折关系，因此选择b。therefore“因此”；however“然而”；otherwise“否则”；besides“而且”。5a.pride bdoubt cexcitement dsurprise6a.doctor bnurse cchemist dvolunteer答案：a 根据定语从句的内容及下文的“the father and son traveled to the doctor”可知，此处应指一名医生能治好杰克逊的眼睛。7a.information bmedicinecservice doperation答案：d 根据前文的“who could operate on his eyes”及下文的“after the operation, the doctor asked mr.jackson”可知，此处应指为手术付了款。8a.nervous blucky ceager dafraid答案：c 根据下文的“i really want to see”可知，手术后，医生问杰克逊：“当我拆掉绷带时，你渴望见到的第一件东西是什么？”be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”。9a.flowers bvegetables cfruit dclothing答案：c 根据第1题处可知，他有一个水果摊，所以他想看看水果摊上的水果。10a.sent baccompaniedcfollowed dinvited答案：b 此处指医生和儿子陪同杰克逊去他的水果摊。send“派遣”；accompany“陪同”；follow“跟随”；invite“邀请”。11a.suddenly bcuriously ccarefully dfirmly答案：c 医生小心地解开绷带。suddenly“突然地”；curiously“好奇地”；carefully“小心地”；firmly“坚定地”。12a.so that bin case ceven if dif only答案：a 医生解开绷带以便让杰克逊看到美丽的水果。so that“以便”，引导目的状语从句。in case“以防，万一”；even if“即使”；if only“要是就好了”。13a.regret bjoy ccourage drelief答案：b 杰克逊终于能看到他的水果了，他感到非常高兴。regret“遗憾”；joy“欢欣，喜悦”；courage“勇气”；relief“缓解，宽慰”。14a.enjoying bcheckingcjudging dmaking答案：a 杰克逊对自己的水果摊欣赏几个小时后，他看到街两旁有很多水果摊。enjoy“欣赏，喜爱”；check“核查”；judge“判断”；make“制造”。15a.above bwithin cthrough dacross答案：d 他往街对面看，看到了许多其他的水果摊。look across“向对面看，眺望”。注意look through表示“浏览