高考英语一轮复习 考点通关练 专题一 语法基础 考点五 非谓语动词.doc

考点五 非谓语动词限时25分钟一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1_ (climb) mountains is really fun.答案climbing句意：爬山真是有趣。动名词在句中作主语。2_ (control) her anger, maria turned around and walked away from him.答案to control句意：为了克制愤怒，玛丽亚转身离开了他。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。3the smart watch has become the latest hitech trend, _ (allow) wearers to take calls without touching their phones.答案allowing句意：这款智能手表已经成为最新的高科技趋势，它可以让戴的人不碰电话就接听。分析句子结构可知，allow和the smart watch是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处应用动词的ing形式。4it is said that sixty percent of all energy _ (produce) in the world today is being lost as wasted heat.答案produced句意：据说现在世界上生产的60%的能源正在以废热的形式流失。分析句子成分可知，produce与其逻辑主语energy之间是动宾关系，故此处用过去分词作后置定语。5all modern american literature comes from a book _ (call) the adventures of huckleberry finn.答案called此处called the adventures of huckleberry finn作定语修饰a book，意为“一本被叫作哈克贝利费恩历险记的书”。6this restaurant, _ (own) by an old couple, has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack.答案owned分析题干可知，own与restaurant之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，空格处应该使用过去分词。7as a young man, hed rather have a room of his own, however small it is, than _ (share) a room with someone else.答案share句意：作为一个年轻人，他宁愿有一个属于自己的房间，不管有多小，也不愿和其他人合住。would rather do sth. than do sth.“宁愿做某事也不愿做某事”，为固定结构，故此处用动词原形share。8it is a waste of time _ (persuade) such a person to join us.答案persuading句意：劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。it is a waste of time doing sth.“做某事是浪费时间”。9_(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.答案lostbe lost in sth.为固定搭配，意为“全神贯注于，沉浸于”。过去分词短语lost in thought在句中作原因状语。10_(dress) in her favorite skirt, she seemed to be more confident.答案dressed句意：穿着她最喜欢的裙子，她看起来更自信了。be dressed in“穿着”，表示一种状态，故用过去分词作状语。11we agreed _ (meet) here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.答案to meet句意：我们约好了在这里见面，但她到现在还没有出现。不定式在句中作agree的宾语。12almost all metals are good conductors, silver_(be) the best of all.答案being句意：几乎所有的金属都是良好的导体，其中银是最好的。句中的两部分由逗号分隔，无连词，逗号前面是含有谓语动词的句子；逗号后的部分有其主语silver，由此可推断，逗号后需要用独立主格形式。还原成句子应为“almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.”。13while _ (celebrate) the progress that has been made to date, humans still have a long way to go to defeat cancer.答案celebrating句意：当人类为目前所取得的成就而庆祝时，在抗癌方面，其实还有很长的路要走。现在分词作状语，表示与其逻辑主语humans之间是主动关系。14greatly _ (encourage), the researcher into agriculture began to study this particular type of plant.答案encouraged句意：受到了极大的鼓舞，这位农业研究人员开始研究这种特殊的植物。the researcher与encourage之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示被动。15she was the first woman _ (win) the gold medal in the olympic games.答案to win句意：她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。当名词或代词前有序数词或最高级修饰时，则用不定式作其后置定语。16id like to see the plan _ (carry) out.答案carried句意：我想看到这个计划被执行。plan与carry out之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。17_ (remind) not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is really dangerous.答案reminded句意：尽管被提醒不要酒后开车，一些司机仍然心存侥幸，这十分危险。remind和主语some drivers之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作状语。18the flood last month in the east was a real disaster, _ (leave) 19 people dead and 78 missing.答案leaving句意：上个月在东部的洪水真的是一场灾难。它导致19人死亡，78人失踪。leave的逻辑主语是the flood, 二者之间构成主谓关系。故答案为leaving。19paul doesnt have to be made _ (learn). he always works hard.答案to learnmake后接动词不定式作宾补时需要省掉to, 但是当make用于被动语态，要还原to。20the sunlight is white and blinding, _ (throw) hardedged shadows on the ground.答案throwing句意：阳光明亮刺眼，在地上投下轮廓分明的影子。throw与the sunlight之间为主动关系，且表示伴随，因此填throwing。21whats that noise?theres a truck stopping outside. its someone _ (deliver) something.答案delivering句意：噪音怎么回事？有一辆卡车停在外边，有人正在搬运东西。deliver与所修饰词someone之间是主动关系，强调动作正在进行，故填delivering。22struggling his way in the dark for a whole night, he finally found himself _ (lose) in the forest.答案lost句意：整个晚上在黑暗中，他努力探索出路，但最终发现自己在森林中迷路了。lose与宾语himself之间为动宾关系，故填lost。23the movie jurassic park was a big hit, with its novel idea _ (strike) a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts.答案striking句意：电影侏罗纪公园非常成功，它新颖的想法使人们感到既恐惧，又兴奋。本句是“with宾语宾补”结构。strike与idea之间为主动关系，故用striking。24the old couple, _ (live) in the small village for years, can tell the names of all the villagers.答案having lived分析句子成分可知，主语the old couple和live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；且句中有表示一段时间的时间状语for years，因此用live的现在分词的完成式。25ive worked with different kinds of people before, so i know what _ (do) in my new job.答案to do此处是“疑问词动词不定式”作宾语。空格前面出现了特殊疑问词what, what to do在句中作know的宾语。26_ (weigh) the advantages against the disadvantages, i decided to take up the job as an assistant in the shop.答案having weighed句意：权衡了利弊之后，我决定在这个商店当一名助理。根据句意可知，weigh所表示的动作先于decided所表示的动作，故此处用现在分词的完成式作状语。27under the environment of fierce competition, the only way john could imagine _ (handle) stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts.答案to handle/of handling句意：在激烈竞争的环境下，约翰唯一能想到的处理压力的方法就是通过更努力变得更坚强。由于前面是the only way，故此处应用to do结构或of doing结构。要注意john could imagine的干扰，它是定语从句，用来修饰the only way。28the light in the office is still on.oh, i forgot _ (turn) it off.答案to turn句意：办公室的灯还亮着。哦，我忘记关灯了。forget to do sth.表示“忘记去做某事”；forget doing sth.表示“忘记做过某事”。29_ (walk) in the street yesterday, i saw a friend of mine.答案walking因为i 与walk之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词walking作状语。30_ (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.答案not knowing句意：不知道该上哪所大学，女孩向老师征求意见。两分句间无连词，故用非谓语动词；且the girl与know之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。根据句意，应用否定形式，在其前加not。二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。1nearly everybody looks forward to educated in a wellknown university._答案educated前面加beinglook forward to意为“盼望”，其中to 是介词，后面接名词或动词ing形式作宾语。且educate与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用动名词的被动形式。2when asking about his comments on the mine accident, the boss said much remained to be done to make it clear._答案askingaskedask和the boss之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。3the second world war involved over 100 million people, makes it the most widespread war in history._答案makesmaking句意：二战牵连了1亿多人，这使它成为历史上最广泛的战争。分析句子成分可知，该句应用动词的ing形式作结果状语。4he is not somebody that has been sitting quietly around not do anything._答案dodoing句意：他并不是一个安静地坐在一边，什么都不做的人。that引导定语从句，从句中的doing作伴随状语。5circumstances permit, he would not have cancelled the trip he had been longing for._答案permitpermitting句意：如果条件允许的话，他就不会取消他一直渴望的旅行了。这里用“名词现在分词”构成独立主格结构，相当于if circumstances permit。6all the passengers, please put the trash and waste in the plastic bags providing on your right._答案providingprovided句意：各位乘客，请把垃圾和废物放进给你们提供的在你们的右手边的塑料袋里。provide与the plastic bags之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。这里用provide的过去分词形式作定语修饰bags。7the living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laying for a meal to be cooked._答案layinglaidwith复合结构的构成是“with宾语宾语补足语”，由于lay与table之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。8in an average british home, afternoon tea is simplebiscuits with a cup of tea, normally prepared use a teabag._答案useusing句意：在普通的英国家庭，下午茶很简单一些饼干再加一杯茶，茶叶通常以茶叶袋的形式备好。这里用现在分词短语作方式状语。9in order to make herself be noticed, she put on a red hat. _答案去掉be句意：为了让自己被注意到，她戴了一顶红色的帽子。make sb. done“使某人被”。10to his surprise, mr. smith found some parents of his students seating at the back of the classroom._答案seatingseated句意：令他惊讶的是，史密斯先生发现一些学生家长坐在了教室后面。seat用作动词时，意为“使坐下”，常构成seat sb.和seat oneself结构，故用过去分词形式。11the examinee who is caught cheated in the college entrance examination will get zero in this subject._答案cheatedcheating句意：在高考中，被抓到作弊的考生，所考科目将会得零分。这里是catch sb. doing结构的被动形式，所以正确答案为cheating。12when mrs. clarke was making tea, she heard the door of her house be pushed open._答案bebeing句意：当克拉克夫人正在泡茶的时候，她听到她家的门被推开了。hear sth. being done“听见某事正在被做，听见某物正在被”。13imagine getting better grades after improve your study habits._答案improveimproving介词after后应用动名词形式improving作宾语。14he came in suddenly without permitted._答案permitted前加being句意：没有经过允许他就突然进来了。主语he和permit是被动关系，且without后接动名词，因此应用动名词的被动形式being done。15seeing from the top of the mountain, the town looks beautiful._答案seeingseensee和主语the town是被动关系，因此用过去分词seen作状语。非谓语动词(一)非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。其中动名词和现在分词又可以统称为v.ing形式。一、非谓语动词的各种形式非谓语动词根据其表示的动作的发生时间和意义可以有不同的形式。非谓语动词形式不定式一般式：to do/to be done进行式：to be doing完成式：to have done/to have been done否定式：not/never to dov.ing形式一般式：doing/being done完成式：having done/having been done否定式：not doingv.ed形式否定式：not done非谓语动词的一般式表示与句子谓语动词同时或之后发生的动作；非谓语动词的完成式表示在句子谓语动词之前发生的动作。he is said to be studying abroad now.he is said to have studied abroad for 3 years.the students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.having finished my homework, i went to bed.二、非谓语动词作主语动词的不定式和动名词形式可以作主语。非谓语动词用法不定式往往表示一次性的、具体的动作常用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置动名词表示一般或抽象的行为有时也可用it作形式主语，但仅限于几个句型it is a great honor to be invited to speak here.playing the piano is my hobby.注意：it作形式主语代替动名词常出现在it is no use/good doing., it is useful doing., it is a waste of time doing.等句型里。三、非谓语动词作宾语动词的不定式和动名词形式可以作宾语，但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语，如果作介词宾语，不定式符号to前面往往有疑问词。1只跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)afford, agree, decide, determine, expect, refuse, manage, hope, plan, want, fail, wish, ask, pretend, promise, happen, would like, set out等。i cant afford to take a holiday this summer because of the project.he determined to return home early.2只跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)advise, admit, advocate, allow, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, delay, deny, cant help, consider, miss, fancy, finish, forbid, practise, imagine, suggest, escape, resist, risk, mind, feel like, insist on, set about等。 it was fortunate that jack narrowly escaped being killed in a traffic accident. do you feel like going out for a walk?3跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，且意义差别不大的动词like, love, prefer, hate, begin, start, intend, continue等动词后面接动词不定式多指具体的动作；接动名词多指一般或习惯性行为。she started playing/to play the violin when she was four.4跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同，但形式不同的动词作“需要”讲时，need, want, require后接v.ing形式和不定式形式所表示的意义相同，但是v.ing形式用主动式，不定式用被动式。your tshirt needs washing/to be washed.my bicycle wants repairing/to be repaired.5跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，但是意义不同的动词trymeanforget/rememberregretgo oncant help限时25分钟一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。12016全国卷.a tv show in the mid1980s, when i was the first western tv reporter _ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.答案permitted句意：那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料从野外的饥饿中营救回来的大熊猫的单元的西方电视台记者。tv reporter和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式作后置定语。22016全国卷my ambassadorial duties will include _ (introduce) british visitors to the 120plus pandas at chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of bifengxia.答案introducing句意：我的大使职责将包括把英国参观者介绍给成都的120多只大熊猫及其他一些在碧峰峡雾山中一个研究中心里的熊猫们。include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。32016全国卷if you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely _ (bring) your work home.答案to bring句意：如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。42016全国卷skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _ (create) special designs.答案to create句意：熟练的工匠也把各种硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。52016全国卷people probably cooked their food in large pots, _ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.答案using句意：人们或许在大锅中做饭，用树枝把它弄出来。主语people与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作伴随状语。62016四川高考for 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something _ (eat)!答案to eat句意：她25天都没有离开过她的孩子，甚至没找吃的东西。修饰不定代词something应用动词不定式作后置定语。72016浙江高考are you sure youre ready for the test?no problem. im well _ (prepare) for it.答案prepared句意：你确定你准备好考试了吗？没问题。我已经做好准备了。i作主语，be动词后要接动词的ed形式充当表语。82016浙江高考to return to the problem of water pollution, id like you to look at a study _ (conduct) in australia in 2012.答案conducted句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你看一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。这里用过去分词形式表示被动和完成，充当定语修饰前面的名词study。92016安徽合肥八中段考inside, though, the place was practically emptythere was just one couple, _ (sit) at a table near the window.答案sitting句意：然而，在里面这个地方实际上很空荡，只有一对夫妇坐在窗子边的桌旁。描述前面one couple所发生的动作行为，且sit为不及物动词，故用动词的现在分词表主动。102016安徽高中联考these clubs give you the opportunity _ (play) a sport you love or learn a sport that is new to you.答案to play句意：这些俱乐部给你机会去进行你所喜欢的运动或学习你还不熟悉的运动。opportunity后接动词不定式作定语，表示“做的机会”。112016安徽高中联考in these cases, club members have to work hard to organize fundraisers and collect money to keep their sports _ (go)答案going句意：这些情况下，俱乐部成员不得不努力组织募捐活动和筹集资金保证运动的进行。keep sth. doing“使一直做”。122016广西南宁高中检测i was surprised _ (see) youre taking this class.答案to see句意：看到你也在上这个课我很惊讶。be surprised to do sth.“做某事很惊讶”。132016山东淄博高三摸底i opened the door and saw him _ (stand) there and i didnt believe my eyes at first.答案standing句意：我打开门，看到他站在那里。我一开始都不敢相信自己的眼睛。see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。142016浙江高考a sudden stop can be a very _ (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.答案frightening句意：突然停止会是一次非常可怕的经历，尤其是如果你正以高速运行的时候。主语是表示事物的a sudden stop，所以be动词后面用动词的ing形式作表语。152016浙江高考i had as much fun sailing the seas as i now do _ (work) with students.答案working句意：我过去航海和现在与学生们打交道一样开心。句中do代替have fun, have fun doing sth.“做某事很开心”。162016北京高考_ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.答案to make句意：为了与我们联系更方便一些，你最好把这张卡片随身带着。分析句子成分可知，本空在句中作目的状语，因此用不定式。172016北京高考_ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.答案having been ordered句意：这些书是一个星期以前订购的，现在预计随时都可能到货。order与books是逻辑上的动宾关系，且order这一动作发生在谓语动词之前，故应用现在分词的完成被动式作状语，表示被动和完成。182016北京高考newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street, _ (turn) the old town into a dreamland.答案turning句意：新建的小木屋排列在街道边，把这个古镇变成了一个人间仙境。句中，前者主谓宾已全，后者没有主语，又不是祈使句，此时空格处应填非谓语动词。cottages和turn是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作结果状语。192016天津高考the cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, _ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.答案making句意：凉爽的风通过卧室的窗户吹进来，使得空调没必要了。此处表示自然而然的结果，the cooling wind与make是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作结果状语。202015安徽高考_(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.答案ignoring句意：忽视这两项研究发现之间的差异将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。根据分析可知，will be在句中作谓语，因此谓语动词之前的应为句子的主语，故用ignoring。212015陕西高考 back from his twoyear medical service in africa, dr lee was very happy to see his mother _ (take) good care of at home.答案taken句意：在非洲医疗机构待了两年回来之后，李博士很高兴地看到他的母亲在家被照顾得很好。根据句子结构来判断，此空要用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，构成see sb. done结构，意思是“看到某人被”，故用taken。222015重庆高考like ancient sailors, birds can find their way _ (use) the sun and the stars.答案using 句意：和古代的水手一样，鸟类能借助太阳和星星找到它们的路。主语birds与use之间为逻辑上的主动关系，且没有一定的时间性，故用现在分词形式作方式状语。232015重庆高考_(raise) in the poorest area of glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.答案raised句意：生长在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区，他成为一名足球明星的道路漫长而艰难。raise与句子的主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系，在句中作状语，故用raised。242014大纲卷today there are more airplanes _ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies.答案carrying 句意：和过去相比，现在空中的飞机更多了，飞机的载客量也更大了。there be sb./sth. doing sth. 为固定句式，其中的现在分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that carry more people than ever before。252014湖南高考children, when _ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.答案accompanied 句意：当孩子被其父母陪伴时，他们才被允许进入这个运动场。句中非谓语动词作状语。主语children与accompany之间为逻辑上的被动关系。故答案为accompanied。262015天津高考_ (absorb) in painting, john didnt notice evening approaching.答案absorbed 句意：由于在全神贯注地画画，约翰没有察觉到夜幕降临了。句中非谓语动词作原因状语。absorbed表示主语所处的状态，再结合固定搭配be absorbed in可知，答案为absorbed。272015天津高考_ (work) for two days, steve managed to finish his report on schedule.答案having worked句意：工作了两天之后，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。句子主语为steve，与work为逻辑上的主谓关系，又因work表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式having worked。282015浙江高考listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _ (perform) live is quite another.答案being performed句意：在家听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏是另外一回事。hear sth. being done“听见某物正在被”。hear后的it是宾语，指代music，后面接宾语补足语；perform与it是逻辑上的动宾关系，结合句意知，表示“听到某物正在被”，故用being performed。292016辽宁模拟china is known _ (change) greatly in terms of its cultural values over the past few years.答案to have changed句意：大家都知道在过去的几年里，中国就文化价值而言大大改变了。该句考查sb./sth. be known to do结构。over the past few years常与现在完成时连用，故用不定式的完成式。302016大连模拟what made you worried?our not _ (know) how to help the people in the snowstorm in the south.答案knowing句意：什么使你们担心？我们不知道怎样去帮助南方暴风雪中的人们。此处是省略结构，是动名词的复合结构作主语，其完整形式为“our not knowing how. south made us worried.”。二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。12016安徽高中联考to achieve determination, we need the followed strategies._答案followedfollowing句意：为了实现决心，我