高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 Healthy eating单元知识（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

unit 2 healthy eating1. balancen. 均衡，平衡；天平，秤；余额；vt. 使保持平衡(=keep steady)；权衡；使相等，相抵(=be/keep equal)。常见搭配：(1)keep/lose ones balance 保持/失去平衡keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡out of balance 失去平衡；不平衡a sense of balance 平衡感(2)balance a against b 权衡/比较a和bnowadays, the balance of nature is being destroyed and the weather is getting warmer and warmer. 现在，大自然的平衡正在被破坏，天气变得越来越暖和。i found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path. 我发现在结冰的路面上行走很难保持平衡。【拓展延伸】balanced adj. 平衡的；和谐的；安定的keep/eat a balanced diet 保持饮食平衡【跟踪典例】 完成句子1. you have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside _ the disadvantages.你得权衡一下住在乡下的好处和坏处。2. youd better keep a _(balance) diet for the benefit of your health.为了有益于身体健康，你最好均衡饮食。 【答案】1. against 2. balanced2. get away with受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚watch frank hell cheat if he thinks he can get away with it. 看着弗兰克他逮到机会就会作弊。the child ought to have been punished. you let him get away with telling lies. 这个孩子本应该受到惩罚，你却让他说谎而却逃脱惩罚。【拓展延伸】get away with doing sth (做坏事但却)逃脱(惩罚或责备)get along/on with 进展；相处get across (使)被理解；(把)讲清楚get rid of 摆脱；除掉get away from (从)脱离；逃脱get down to 开始；着手get in 插话；收获get into touch with 与取得联系get into the habit of 养成习惯get out (of) 出去；离开；逃脱；摆脱get over 爬过；从恢复过来；克服(困难)get through 完成；花光(时间、金钱等)；通过；接通电话【跟踪典例】选词填空get through get away with get away from get over get down to get out of1. every now and then i like to spend a few days in the country to _ the noise and pollution of new york.2. i dont want to go to see the film with him, but i cant see how i can _ it.3. it took a long time to _ to the workers the way the machine worked.4. studying a foreign language is always hard at the beginning, but ill _it.5. anyway, were here now, so lets _ some serious work.6. i tried calling you several times but i couldnt _.【答案】1. get away from 2. get out of it 3. get across 4. get over5. get down to 6. get through3. lien. 谎言；谎话；vi. 说谎；躺；位于；坐落在。常见搭配：(1)tell a lie/lies to sb 向某人说谎a white lie 一个善意的谎言(2)lie to sb 向某人说谎lie down 躺下lie in 在于lie in/on/to 位于lie in/on 躺在he could not have yong hui getting away with telling people lies!他不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受到惩罚。the man must be a spy and was telling a lie. 这名男子一定是个间谍且在说谎。【易混辨析】lie/lie/lay动词原形意义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎；坐落于；位于(vi.)liedliedlyinglie躺；卧(vi.)laylainlyinglay放置；产卵(vt.)laidlaidlaying【跟踪典例】用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1. when alice came to, she didnt know how long she _ _ _(lie) there.2. he found that the book still _(lie) where he _ _(lay) it.3. the accident _(lie) in the fact that the driver drove after drinking.4. the manager had fallen asleep where he _ _(lie), without undressing.5. the boy _(lie) that he _(lie) in bed and _(lay) a cock in a box and saw it _(lay) an egg.【答案】1. had been lying 2. lay; had laid 3. lay 4. was lying 5. lied; lay; laid; laying4. strengthn. 长处；强项；力量；体力。动词形式为strengthen(增强，加强)。you should know your strengths and weaknesses. 你应该知道自己的优点和弱点。it may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again. 可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。it helps develop your strength and flexibility. 这能帮助增加你的力量和灵活性。【易混辨析】strength/energy/power/force易混词含义strength常指人的力气；体力或毅力；意志力。energy多指人的精力；活力，还可指物理学中的能量。power普通用词，多指动力；能力；权力等。force指势力；武力，暴力；军队，部队，也指物理学中的力。【跟踪典例】单句语法填空1. his visit is intended to _ (strength) ties between the two countries.zx*xk2. everybody should be aware of his _ (strong) and weaknesses so that we can work better as a team.3. bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his _.4. difficulties _ the mind, as labor does the body.【答案】1. strengthen 2. strengths 3. strength 4. strengthen5. consultvt. & vi. 请教；向咨询；与人商量；查阅。常见搭配：consult sb about sth 向某人请教某事consult a book (a dictionary, a map )查书(字典、地图)consult with sb about/on sth就与某人商量i need to consult my teacher about changing my courses. 我需要向老师请教我更改课程的事。remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources. 然而要记住，你应该经常参阅不同类型的资源。【特别提醒】consult用作请教；咨询；查阅解时，是及物动词；作商量解时，多用作不及物动词，后跟with sb，意为和某人商量。【拓展延伸】consultant n. 会诊医生；顾问consulting adj. 咨询的；顾问的a consulting engineer 顾问工程师【典例跟踪】1. 完成句子youd better _ a doctor _ your illness.你最好找医生咨询一下你的病情。when you take a geography exam, you may _.参加地理考试时，你可以查阅地图。2. 单句改错(2014陕西改编) to work out the difficult maths problem, i have consulted with professor russell several times.when consulting about how to choose a proper car for personal use, he advised me to ask mr. li.【答案】1. consult; about consult a map2. 去掉with consulting 改为consulted 6. debtn. 债务，欠款；负债情况。常见搭配：in debt 负债out of debt 不欠债get/run/fall into debt 欠下债get out of debt 还清债款i need to pay off my debts before i leave the country. 我得在离开该国前还清所有债务。he died heavily in debt. 他死时负债累累。【典例跟踪】根据括号内汉语提示完成句子1. he was deeply _ _(欠债) during the past decade.2. whats more, these suggestions will absolutely keep you _ _ _(不欠债)and help you live a better life.3. its much easier to _ _ _(欠下债) than to get out of it.【答案】1. in debt 2. out of debt 3. get into debt 7. limitvt. 限制；限定；n. 界限；限度。常见搭配：(1)limit . to . 把限制在范围之内(2)to the limit 达到极限without limit 无限地；无限制地a limit to . 的限度within limits 适度地；有限度地go beyond/over the limit 超过限度put a limit onset a limit to 限制ive limited myself to 1,000 calories a day to try to lose weight. 我试着减肥，限定自己每天摄入1 000卡的热量。the speed limit on this road is 70 mph. 这条路的车速限制是每小时70英里。there s a limit to how much i m prepared to spend. 我准备花多少钱是有限度的。【拓展延伸】limited adj. 有限的be limited to . 局限于limitation n. 局限；缺陷limitless adj. 无限的；无限制的【典例跟踪】单句语法填空1. he will limit _ (him) to a discussion of these two topics.2. how will you use the _ (limit) time you have?3. ive been asked to limit my speech _ ten minutes maximum.z&xxk4. in my opinion, taking cellphones with the students should not be banned, but _ (limit) to certain areas.【答案】1. himself 2. limited 3. to 4. limited8. benefitn. 利益；好处；vi. 得益；vt. 有益于；对有益。常见搭配：(1)for the benefit of . 为了的利益be of benefit to . 对有益(2)benefit sb 对某人有益benefit from. 得益于i dont want to upset you, but i found your menu so limited that i stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food. 我不想让你心烦，不过我发现你菜谱上的菜太少了，所以我也就不着急了，我也开始宣传我的餐馆的食物的好处。if i am lucky enough to be elected, i will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club. 如果我有幸当选，我将尽最大努力为同学们和俱乐部的利益服务。it benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class. 课前预习、课堂上积极参与以及课后复习所学知识，让我受益匪浅。【拓展延伸】beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的be beneficial to sb/sth 对有益【典例跟踪】完成句子1. 良好的饮食有利于我们的健康。a. a good diet _ our health.b. a good diet is _ _ _ our health.c. our health _ _ a good diet.2. it is said that yoga _ very _ _ human health.据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大益处。3. the money is raised _ _ _ _ the victims in this disaster.这笔钱是为这次灾难的受害者募捐的。【答案】1. a. benefitsb. of benefit toc. benefits from2. is; beneficial to 3. for the benefit of9. combinev. 联合；结合；组合；n. 联合体。常见搭配：combine . with/and . 把与结合起来be combined in . 化合成combine together (to do) 联合起来my school training is combined with my experience as a dentist, which qualifies me for this particular job. 我在学校所受的培训和牙医的工作经验结合起来，这使我能胜任这份特殊的工作。【拓展延伸】combination n. 联合；混合a combination of 一种结合(物)in combination 联合起来；在联合中in combination with 与联合/混合【典例跟踪】单句语法填空1. a full man is made by _ (combine) efforts with confidence.2. a _ (combine) of factors led to her decision to resign.3. hydrogen _ (combine) with oxygen can form water.【答案】1. combining 2. combination 3. combined10. cut down削减；减少；砍倒；降低；杀死或杀伤(某人)my uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down. 我的叔叔还不能戒烟，但是至少他少抽了一些。【拓展延伸】cut in 插嘴；超车cut through开辟(出路或通道) cut up 切碎；摧毁；使伤心cut out 剪去；击败；删去；关闭cut off 切断；停掉；使电话中断；切下来【典例跟踪】1. 写出下列句中cut down的含义every one of us can make a great effort to cut down the use of energy in our country.immediate actions should be taken, like stopping cutting down trees, to better the environment.hunger, cold and illness have cut down many of the villagers. 2. 短语填空：cut out/cut up/cut off/cut downhe also supplied the north when america _energy aid.he had _the meat before his mother came back.how can you _the risk of cancer?billy showed me the article he had _ of the magazine.【答案】1. 减少，削减 砍倒 杀死，夺去的生命2. cut off cut up cut down cut out1. 比较级表示最高级nothing could be better, he thought. 他想：再没有比这些更好吃的了。(教材p10) 【句式分析】nothing could be better意为没有比这更好的了(这是最好的)，为否定词和比较级连用表达最高级意义。【语法知识】否定词与比较级连用，表示最高级意义，通常译为没有比更，没有像一样。常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。nothing is easier than this.nothing is so easy as this. 这是最容易的事。【拓展延伸】表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构：all the other名词复数the other名词复数(1)比较级than any other名词单数any of the other名词复数anything/anyone else(2)否定词so/as形容词(副词)原级as(3)否定词形容词(副词)比较级(than)(4)the形容词(副词)最高级【典例跟踪】1. 仿写句子nothing _ to the truth. 没有任何事物可以更接近真相。(close)_ than grandma that shes finally bounced back. 奶奶终于恢复健康了。她比所有人都开心。(happy)2. 单句改错nothing is valuable than health.are you pleased with what he has done? not a bit. it couldnt be bad. 【答案】1. could be closer nobody could be happier2. 在valuable前加more bad改为worse2. have sb doing sth he couldnt have yong hui getting away with telling people lies！他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚。(教材p10)【句式分析】本句属于简单句。句中含有have sb doing sth(让某人一直做某事；让某情况发生)结构，have为使役动词。【语法知识】have作使役动词用时，有以下固定搭配：have sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事；让某情况发生have sb do sth 让某人做某事have sth done 让某事由别人做；遭遇到不好的事；做完某事it is not a good idea to have the machine running all the time. 让机器一直运转不是个好主意。【名师点睛】have作有讲时的句式为：have sth to do 有某事要做(主语自己做)have sth to be done有某事要做(不是主语自己做)注意：have sth to do 的意思是有什么事要做，不定式作的是后置定语，而不是宾语。不要与上面的结构混淆。zx&xk【跟踪典例】单句语法填空1. i cant have you _(speak) to your mother in that rude manner. you must apologize to her immediately.2. who would you like to have _(go) with you?3. youd better have you eyes _(examine) tomorrow.4. do you have any clothes _(wash)?the servant asked.【答案】1. speaking 2. go 3. examined 4. to be washed3. before longtheir balanced diets became such a success that before long wang peng became slimmer and yong hui put on more weight. 他们的均衡饮食非常有效，王鹏很快就瘦了，而雍慧却胖了。(教材p15)【句式分析】句中含有suchthat(如此以至于)结构，such后接可数名词单数，that引导结果状语从句；before long是介词短语，在句中作时间状语，意为不久，很快。【语法讲解】before long意为不久，很快，相当于soon，可用于将来时态或过去时态。before long he got married. 不久他就结婚了。the bus is arriving before long. 汽车马上就到了。【易混辨析】before long/long before易混词用法before long不久，很快。介词短语，作时间状语，一般用于将来时或过去时。long before很久以前。副词短语，多用于完成时态；有时longbefore可分开理解，before作介词或连词，后接短语或句子。【名师点睛】记忆这两个短语时，可用如下口诀：long 在前，很久前；long 在后，不久后。thestoryhadhappenedlongbefore. 故事发生在很久以前。ihadwaitedtherelongbeforehearrived. 他来之前，我在那儿已等了很久。【典例跟踪】_ he stayed in germany for half a year and _ he will go to germany again.a. before long; before longb. long before; long beforec. before long; long befored. long before; before long【答案】d。句意：很久以前他在德国待过半年，不久之后他将再次去德国。before long不久，很快；long before很久以前。根据语境可知选d。情态动词(2)一、特殊情态动词need和dare的用法1. 用作情态动词，主要用于否定句和疑问句。you neednt telephone him now. 你不必现在就给他打电话。she dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢独自出门。2. 用作实义动词，可用于各种时态。you dont need to do it yourself. 你不必自己做这件事。the table needs painting (=to be painted). 桌子该喷漆了。we should dare to give our own opinion. 我们应该敢于说出自己的意见。he did not dare (to) look up. 他没敢往上看。i dare say hell come again. 我敢说他会再来的。二、难点突破1. 情态动词+ have + done(1)must have +done sth对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，表示肯定已经。since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 因为路是湿的，所以昨晚肯定下雨了。(2)cant have done 表示不可能已经。he cant have lost his way. i drew him a map. 他不可能迷路了。我给他画了地图。 (3)could / may / might have done推测过去某事也许发生了；也可表示虚拟，意为本可能，本能够。i cant find my keys. i may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到钥匙了。可能昨天我把它们落在学校了。you could have told us earlier. 你本可以早点告诉我们的。(4)ought to / should have done 表示本应该；否定形式ought not to / shouldnt have done 表示本不应该。with all the work finished, i should have gone to the party last night. 完成了所有的工作，我昨天晚上本应该去参加聚会的。you ought not to have made fun of him. he is not the one you laugh at but learn from. 你本不应该取笑他的。你不应该取笑他，而应该向他学习。(5)neednt have done/not have to do表示本没必要。you neednt have waken me up. 你本没有必要叫醒我的。i dont have to go to work today. 我今天没必要去工作。(6)would like /love to have done sth表示本打算/本想。i would like to have read the article, but i was very busy then. 我本打算读这篇文章的，但是当时我太忙了。2. 情态动词+ be + doing 情态动词+ be + doing表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。he must be playing basketball in the room. 他肯定正在房间里打篮球。she may be staying at home. 她肯定正待在家里。【特别提醒】1. 陈述部分有must的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。he must be a doctor, isnt he? 他肯定是名医生，是吗？you must have studied english for three years, havent you?/didnt you? 你肯定学过三年英语，是吗？he must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? 他昨天一定做完了，是吗？2. 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need (dare ) +主语。we need not do it again, need we? 我们不需要再做了，是吗？he dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说，是吗？3. 当dare, need为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。she doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家，是吗？如何写英文广告本单元的写作任务是写一则英文广告，属于说服性写作。广告写作要求学生围绕某一具体事物(如your restaurant)展开描述和宣传。该类写作具有较强的针对性，写作中应当考虑受众的需求和感受，在遵循事实的前提下充分展现事物的优点和独特品质。广告写作具有较强的实用性，能够锻炼学生积极运用所学英语知识的能力以及创新能力。【写作指导】 一则广告大致包括标题、正文、口号和随文四个部分。但并不是每则广告都必须同时具备这四个元素。 1. 标题：广告的标题是广告中最重要的部分。它起着引起读者的好奇心，吸引读者的注意力的作用。 2. 正文：广告的正文进一步对标题进行阐述，以引起读者的兴趣。语言要尽量口语化、简洁明了，使用较短的单词和句子。祈使句和一般疑问句在广告中出现的频率很高。如：in short, the stronger your character, the brighter your future.zx*xkplease do not leave it too late. do you want to work in world-class research laboratories? 3. 口号：广告口号的目的是便于人们重复记忆和二次传播，因而必须将之压缩成口号语句。如：just do it. 只管去做。（耐克运动鞋） 4. 随文：随文又叫附文，是说明企业/产品等的名称、地址、购买商品的方法等附加信息的语言文字，一般出现在广告的结尾。如： 【写作要求】1. 确保广告的真实性。真实性是广告的生命力所在，如果违背了真实性原则，广告会因失真而丧失可信度。 2. 明确广告对象。广告对象是指广告信息的接受者。 3. 注意广告语言，提高说服力和表现力。好的广告语言能给读者留下难以磨灭的印象，唤起消费者的购买欲望，从而达到广告的最终目的。 write a short passage to advertise your restaurant and its service. your writing should:* explain what kind of food will be offered in your restaurant* describe their ingredients, flavour, smell and appearance* explain how they will provide a balanced diet* explain why your restaurant will provide the best food in the area* explain how customers will be served【审题要素】 写作时应注意以下几点：1. 确定文体：广告写作属于应用文写作。2. 主体时态：以一般现在时为主。3. 主体人称：广告面向顾客进行宣传，应以第一、二人称为主。4. 内容要点：提供何种菜肴；饭菜的色香味以及所用原料；平衡饮食；服务理念；服务承诺。5. 注意广告语言的特点，提高说服力和表现力。【参考范文】are you tired of junk food? still looking for something special and healthy? it is time to treat yourself and your family to the best home-cooked meals. we have the best local dishes and offer a balanced diet. here you can find a lot of vegetables cooked in different ways and every kind of seafood you can think of.our food is famous for its variety of ingredients, beautiful color and magic taste of sweet, sour, salty and delicious dishes. the energy-giving and body-building food will provide you with necessary calories, fat, protein and vitamins.with excellent quality and reasonable price, our restaurant provides the best food in this city. first-class service and perfect menu. come and have a try. you will not regret it.高三第一轮复习的十禁忌以下是我们在总结往届学生高三复习经验的基础上概括出来的高三复习“十禁忌”,希望能够对同学们的复习有所帮助。同时在此也真诚的祝愿同学们能够顺利走过这关键一年风雨路，取得令人满意的成绩！一、忌急于求成高三的复习是一个连续而且漫长的过程，尤其是一轮复习阶段，学习的重心应该转移到基础复习上来。曾经有很多学生，尤其是学习优秀的学生，一心只想做高考题，一模题，好高骛远，结果非常的惨烈。一轮复习是毅力的比拼，只有稳扎稳打，脚踏实地才会练就扎实的功底。“物极必反”、“欲速则不达”是众所周知的道理，也希望同学们在一轮复习的时候能够铭记于心！从最简单的入手，从最基本的入手。曾经在一轮复习的时候有学生和我交流，说一些题目太简单，可是这些题目经过再加工，稍加修改就觉得非常有挑战性了。所以，千万不要认为题目简单，幕后的道理真的不简单！因此，我们建议广大同学在一轮复习的时候千万不要急于求成，一定要静下心来，认真的揣摩每个知识点，弄清每一个原理。只有这样，一轮复习才能显出他的成效。二、忌心浮气躁在一轮复习的过程中，心浮气躁是一个非常普遍的现象。主要表现为平时复习觉得没有问题，题目也能做，发现考试就是拿不了高分，甚至考试题比平时训练的题目还要简单！这主要是因为：（1）对复习的知识点缺乏系统的理解，解题时缺乏思维层次结构一轮复习着重对基础知识点的挖掘，老师一定都会强调基础的重要性。如果不重视对知识点的系统化分析，不能构成一个整体的知识网络构架，自然在解题时就不能拥有整体的构思，也不能深入理解高考典型题型的思维方法。（2）复习的时候心不够静心不静则思维不清晰，思维不清晰则复习没有效率。当看了一个晚上的书之后发现自己晚上都不知道干了什么的时候肯定会感觉很郁闷，于是一个晚上的时间也就这么过去了，觉得没有什么收获。建议大家在开始一个的复习之前先静下心认真想一想接下来需要复习那一块，需要做多少的事情，然后认真的去做，同时需要很高的注意力，只有这样才会有很好的效果。三、 忌毫无计划没有计划的复习一定是低效的，这在每年浩浩荡荡的复习大军中有着无数失败的教训。所以，在高三复习的过程中，同学们一定要有自己的一份复习计划。记得我曾经高三的时候老师需要我们每一个人写一个计划，我们精确到每天几点到几点干些什么，写完交给老师之后大家也忘记写了什么计划。所以，计划的制定一定要实际可行，并且需要自己去坚持。每天有计划，每周有计划，每月有计划。在计划切实可行的情况下，在复习的时候会有很大的成就感，同时一定要实现自己的计划，不然一次没有实现，紧接着就有第二次了。有计划就应该有目标，没有目标就没有方向。0高三学习任务繁重、杂乱，每一个高三学生都要给自己制定一个适合自己的学习规划，根据自身的学习成绩以爱好个性选择一个大学，在各个阶段给自己制定阶段性学习计划。四、忌不常锻炼高三是毅力、心态的比拼，到了后期更是身体的比拼。经过漫长的一轮复习，很多同学都会有一种心力交瘁的感觉。在二轮复习及其后期，总有一些同学身体状态跟不上，导致成绩下滑，高考成绩不理想。同时，也总有些同学在二轮复习的时候身体依然强健，依然可以用一种良好的身体状态奔向高考。到了那个时候身体的重要性就会不可或缺。所以我们希望大家在一轮复习初期就要经常锻炼身体，保持一个良好的身体状态和精神状态。良好的身体状态是高三稳步前行的保证。同时，高三的锻炼也是长期的，循序渐进的。强度不需要太大，锻炼也不用太频繁，心中一定要有锻炼的意识就行了。所以在一轮复习的过程中不需要刻意的安排时间去锻炼，在睡觉前，在起床后等等都是可以利用的锻炼的时间。五、忌学无规律显然，在紧张的学习也是一种生活方式，同学们一定会发现身边总有一些学生看上去也不是特别努力，但是成绩依然很好。其实，他们就是会生活，会学习。高三的复习是非常有规律的，也就意味着高三的生活也必须要遵从学习的规律，只有结合自身实际，找到合适的生活规律去复习，效率一定会有较大的提升。有规