高考英语一轮复习 专题02 The United Kingdom（押题专练）新人教版必修5.doc

专题02 the united kingdom 第一节 阅读理解阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中选出最佳选项。adeath rates for heart disease in britain have dropped by more than 40 percent in a decade， uk scientists will report today.wide uptake of cholesterolbusting statin drugs(降胆固醇药), healthier lifestyles and better medical practices have seen a huge reduction in deaths caused by heart attacks, stroke and other cardiovascular(心血管的) problems.however, heart disease remains britains biggest killer.the new study, by experts at oxford university, shows there has been a 44.4 percent drop in death rates among men in the uk and a 43.6 percent drop among women linked to heart problems in the ten years to 2011.the team compared death rate associated with cardiovascular disease across europe. they found that britain has one of the best records in europe, with 342 deaths as a result of heart disease per 100,000 men in 2011, and 232 per 100,000 women.some nationsincluding ukraine, macedonia and moldovasee more than 1,000 heart deaths per 100,000 of the population.overall， heart disease causes 45 percent of all deaths across europe, but only 27 percent in the uk. the study, led by dr nick townsend, showed that cardiovascular disease is mainly a disease of old age.but researchers said that across europe it still causes more than 1.4 million deaths in those aged under 75 and nearly 700,000 deaths in under 65s. dr townsend said, “cardiovascular disease results in 49 percent of deaths among women and 41 percent among men.”篇章导读：本文是一篇科普类阅读文，文中讲述英国的心脏病死亡率在近十年来下降了百分之四十多，但心脏病仍然是英国国民健康的最大杀手。1from the text we can know _.aheart disease no longer threatens the britishbthe heart death rate among british men is lower than among womencthe old mainly dies of stroke in europedthe heart death rate in ukraine is higher than that in britain答案：d 推理判断题。由第五段第二句可知，英国男人在2011年因心脏疾病致死的死亡率是十万分之342，女人的死亡率是十万分之232。由第六段可知，乌克兰的死亡率是十万分之一千多。故选d项。2what does the word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?astroke. bcardiovascular disease.clung disease.dheart attacks. 3how does the author support his idea?aby analyzing data.bby following processes.cby describing his own experiences.dby discussing research experiments.答案：a 推理判断题。根据第四段中可知，该研究结果及作者的观点都是通过分析数据得出的。故选a项。bif theres one thing the british are good at, its watching telly. you may think the americans would beat us at that, but weve taken and turned it into an art form. like most people, our favorite tv subject is ourselves, which has led to a number of shows aiming to be as british as possible. so if you want to learn how to be british, sit down to a few episodes of these distinctly british shows.doctor whopolitical aside, doctor who owes its long television life not only to a brilliant central character, terrifying alien foes and intelligent scriptwriting, but also to a distinctly british way of doing things. if the earth is the doctors favorite planet, its clear that britain is his favorite country.sherlockthe global popularity of the modernized sherlock holmes series has proven yet again that no amount of big blockbuster allgunsblazing cop shows can compete with the reserved and sharp detective work of one of britains most wellloved characters. benedict cumberbatch has been rightly lauded for his depiction of the fastthinking private eye, which has proven again we british are good at more than drinking tea.blackaddersimilar to the pythons, the brilliance of blackadder is set in its genius application of witty and classically british humor. from the dulcet tones of lead man rowan atkinson to the clumsy sidekick tony robinson, theres no better show for telling what makes the british british and having a good laugh at it, including an entire season of pointing fun at the french, one of the most british activities.friendsi know what youre thinkingfriends is an american show, about americans living in america! how can it be distinctly british? but perhaps youre not aware that, apart from season 1, friends is written entirely by british writers, and if you watch the first season in comparison to the others, the difference really shows. british sense of humor cant be replicated artificially. its a fine art by a natural hand. as an english student, i figurefriends is, and although they speak in american accents, a british!篇章导读：本文通过介绍英国四部十分受欢迎的电视剧来分析真正的英国人的国民性格。4if you hunger to laugh, _ is the best choice.asherlockbblackaddercfriendsddoctor who 5what is stressed by the text?athe british are crazy about teadrinking.bfriends is actually made by the british.cthe british are always finding faults with the french.dthe british are good at producing and watching telly.答案：d 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一二句“if theres one thing the british are good at, its watching telly.but weve taken and turned it into an art form. ”可知，文章强调英国人擅长观看并制作电视剧。故选d项。6the main purpose of the text is to _.achallenge the american show loversbadvertise the british most loved showscprovide some information about the britishdintroduce the techniques of the british shows答案：c 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“so if you want to learn how to be british, sit down to . british shows.”可知，文章通过一些英剧告诉读者如何成为真正的英国人。由此可推知，本文的写作目的是为读者提供一些关于英国人的信息。故选c项。7what would the author be?aa devoted british.ba confident movie reviewer.ca cool british shows hand.dan english showmaking major. cin its early history，chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. an old joke that was popular at the time went something like this：a man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy chicago street.asked if he needs help, he replies，“no, thanks. ive got a good horse under me.”the city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水)system, but there simply wasnt enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. the only two options were to lower the chicago river or raise the city.an engineer named ellis chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. this raised the level of the citys streets by as much as 12 feet.this of course created a new problem：dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in chicago.building owners were faced with a choice：either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level.small woodframe buildings could be lifted fairly easily. but what about large, heavy structures like the tremont hotel，which was a sixstory brick building?thats where george pullman came in.he had developed some housemoving skills successfully.to lift a big structure like the tremont hotel，pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶)beneath the buildings foundation.one man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews.at pullmans signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time，thereby raising the building slowly and evenly.astonishingly，the tremont hotel stayed open during the entire operation，and many of its guests didnt even notice anything was happening.some people like to say that every problem has a solution.but in chicagos early history，every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem.now that chicagos waste water was draining efficiently into the chicago river, the citys next step was to clean the polluted river.1. the author mentions the joke to show_ ahorses were fairly useful in chicago bchicagos streets were extremely muddy cchicago was very dangerous in the spring d. the chicago people were particularly humorous2the city planners were convinced by ellis chesbrough to_aget rid of the street dirtblower the chicago rivercfight against heavy floodsdbuild the pipes above ground3the underlined word“hoist”in paragraph 4 means“_”achange bliftcrepair ddecorate4what can we conclude about the moving operation of the tremont hotel?ait went on smoothly as intended.bit interrupted the business of the hotel.cit involved pullman turning ten jackscrews.dit separated the building from its foundation.语篇解读：本文为说明文，题材为历史与建筑。在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水，这使得街道非常泥泞。城市规划者就这一问题采取了诸多措施。1解析：推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水尤其是在春天，这使得街道非常泥泞以至于行人及马和马车陷入泥里。这一则笑话是用来说明芝加哥街道的泥泞的，故选b项。答案：b答案：d3解析：猜测词义题。由画线词后一句“small woodframe buildings could be lifted fairly easily.”可知，hoist与lift为同义词，故b项正确。答案：b4解析：事实细节题。由倒数第二段内容可知a项正确。答案：a第二节 完形填空阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从120题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。what separates people who reach their goals from everyone else is their ability to stay on track, despite challenges._1_will come；you can bet there will be chances for you to_2_track. if youre an athlete，it may be an injury that causes you to have to_3_practices. if youre trying to get to a healthy weight, you may have to travel_4_and stay with a friend who doesnt like to _5_. the point is that some kinds of challenge will_6_how we deal with these challenges_7_the victims from the victors(获胜者)you can use challenges as a stepping _8_or as a block, and you can use them to_9_your ambition or block your view；the_10_is yours.challenges should_11_to make you stronger and more consistent as you attend to each difficulty. they should cause your_12_to dig deeper，in search of a (an) _13_.the problem arises when you dont_14_challenges. if you can predict potential problems and plan_15_， you will have confidence and your belief in yourself will_16_up.your ability to stay_17_and overcome difficulties is what will_18_and allow you to achieve your goal.start working toward your dreams daily. to get started by setting _19_what your next step is to accomplish your goal. then get into_20_as you move closer to your goal daily.1a.challenges bpossibilitiescgoals dabilities2a.attend to btake offcstick to dget off3a.confuse bmisscstrengthen dappreciate4a.daily bdeliberatelycunexpectedly ddisappointedly5a.work out bput upcget through dknock over6a.turn bappointcraise darise 7.a.deserts bshelterscprotects dseparates 8.a.expectation bstonecarrangement dappointment 9.a.strengthen bignorecreduce dproduce10a.promise bpreparationccomment dchoice11a.expect boffercserve dprovide12. asigns brootscability dcharacteristics13. aadaptation bstudyccomfort dsolution14a.expect bmeetcaccept dblame15a.after bbeforehandcotherwise dactually16a.bring bgetcbuild dput17a.reduced bdesertedcfocused dplanned18a.keep you off bset you apartcfind you out dget you away19a.out b aboutcup ddown20a.action bplancmeasure deffort 语篇解读：生活中我们会遇到各种各样的挑战，它们可能成为你成功路上的铺路石，也可能成为你实现人生目标的绊脚石，关键在于你如何去选择。1解析：根据上文“despite challenges”可知。challenges是本文的中心词。句意：挑战是一定会来的。答案：a 4解析：根据常识可知，如果想要有健康的体重，就得天天锻炼。答案：a5解析：work out“锻炼”；put up“张贴，搭建”；get through“完成”；knock over“撞翻”。本句是一个定语从句，指那些不愿意锻炼的朋友。答案：a6解析：根据倒数第二段“the problem arises”可知。句意：无论是前面提及的哪一种情况，挑战是都会出现的。答案：d7解析：句意：应对挑战的方式是受害者和胜利者的分水岭。separate.from.“把和分开”。答案：d8解析：stepping stone“垫脚石”。句意：你可以把挑战当成是成功的垫脚石，也可以把挑战当成成功的阻碍。答案：b9解析：句中存在对比关系，根据“block your view”可知选a。句意：你可以使用挑战来加强你的雄心壮志，也可以用挑战来阻塞你的视野。答案：a 13解析：句意：为了寻找到问题的解决方法，这些挑战能够让你的根部扎得更深。答案：d14解析：根据文意可知，此处指当你不愿意接受挑战的时候，问题就出现了。答案：a15解析：beforehand“之后”。句意：如果你能够预见可能存在的问题，之后做出计划和准备，你就会有自信了。答案：b16解析：bring up“抚养，抚育”；get up“起床，起来”；build up“建立，成立”；put up“张贴，搭建”。本句是指当我们能够事先预测并做出计划，我们就能够建立起自信。答案：c17解析：句意：你的集中注意力和克服困难的能力是让你突出并实现自己的目标的关键所在。答案：c18解析：keep off“远离，不接近” set apart“分开，使突出”；find out“发现，查明”；get away“摆脱”。此处指使自己突出。答案：b19解析：set out“动身，出发”；set about“着手，开始”；set up“建立，成立”：set down“写下，记下”。句意：把你要做的下一步写下来，通过这样的方法开始就可以实现你的目标了。答案：d20解析：句意：你采取行动的时候就每天都会接近你的目标了。答案：a第三节 语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?the answer depends largely 1._cultural values as well as personal experiences.to the 2._（egypt），green is a color 3._represents the hope and joy of spring，while for muslims，it means heaven.red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures.during the spring festival in china，children 4._(give) money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the new year.for many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. greek people often wear a blue necklace，hoping to protect 5._（they）against evils (邪恶)peoples 6._(choose) of colors is also influenced by their bodies reactions toward them. green is said to be 7._most restful color. it has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally 8._physically.people 9._(work) in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.red can cause a persons blood pressure to rise and increase peoples appetite (食欲). man