高考英语一轮复习 精细化学通语法 第二讲 冠词讲义.doc

第二讲 冠词不定冠词的用法及固定搭配(一)不定冠词的用法1表示类指或指某类中的任何一个。a virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.病毒是一种引发疾病的微生物。2表示泛指。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词，因此由不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当于a certain。the story happened in a small town in victoria.这个故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。3表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。i watch tv for two or three hours a day.我一天要看两三个小时的电视。4表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。prices start at 13.95 a yard for printed cotton.印花棉布以每码13.95英镑的价格起售。5表示“同一，相同”，相当于the same。they happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a color.他们碰巧同龄而且穿着同样颜色的衣服。(二)不定冠词用于固定搭配中as a result 因此 as a rule 通常as a whole 总体上 as a matter of fact 事实上at a loss 不知所措 in a hurry 匆忙in a word 总之 in a sense 在某种意义上in a way 在某种程度上 in a short while 不久keep an eye on 照看，留意 pay a visit to 拜访put an end to 结束 once in a while 偶尔once upon a time 从前 all of a sudden 突然be on a diet 节食 have a gift for 在某方面有天赋have/catch a cold 感冒 make a living 谋生 have/take a rest 休息 give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车对点练1用适当的冠词填空it is a common mistake for students to present something as a proven fact when it is actually an opinion. li hua has a good knowledge of english and this will be an advantage over others in finding a proper job. after a short silence, the man told the doctor that he seized all the money that his father gave to his brother, who was abroad.its a pleasure for me to be here to speak to such a distinguished group from all over the world.our destination was orewa, a seaside town.定冠词的用法及固定搭配(一)定冠词的用法1表示特指的人或物或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物。do you know the man standing at the gate of the door?你认识站在门口的那个人吗？i went to a university in new zealand. the university was set up in the early twentieth century.我在新西兰的一所大学学习。这所大学是二十世纪初建立的。2用在世界上独一无二的名词前。the earth goes around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。3用于序数词、形容词的最高级前。is this the first time you have visited qingdao?这是你第一次游览青岛吗？china is one of the richest countries in natural resources in the world.在自然资源方面，中国是世界上最富有的国家之一。4用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。the wounded 伤员 the rich 富人the greens are on holiday now.格林一家(夫妇)现在正在度假。5用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。in the 1990s在20世纪90年代6用在表示单位的名词前。i hired the car by the hour.我按小时租车。7用在表示身体部位的名词前，表示“打、抓住某人身体的某个部位”。the police caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。8与形容词或副词的比较级连用，一般用于以下两种情况： (1)用于“the比较级，the比较级”结构中，表示“越，就越”之意。the more we do for the people, the happier well be.我们为人民做得越多就越幸福。(2)用在“the比较级of the two”结构中，表示“两个中较的一个”。she is the taller of the two girls.她是两个女孩子中个子较高的那一个。(二)定冠词用于固定搭配中in the middle of 在中间in the end 最后by the way 顺便说一下in the distance 在远处in the way 挡道 on the whole 总的来说at the same time 同时 on the other hand 另一方面to tell the truth 说实话 for the time being 暂时on the spot 在现场 not in the least 一点也不the other day 前几天 take the place of 代替at the moment 此刻，目前 to the point 中肯，切题make the most/best of 充分利用对点练2用适当的冠词填空nowadays, how we can take good care of the old is becoming a hot and serious topic.it was a burninghot. i was riding in the back seat of the car as my parents drove to a friends house.he tapped her on the shoulder, “hi! i have been looking for you for such a long time！”the most popular shanxi noodle is daoxiao noodle. this noodle is shaved from a giant block of dough (生面团) hoisted over the chefs shoulder.i should be very interested to meet the man who you mentioned in the letter.零冠词的用法及固定搭配(一)零冠词的用法1专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。he is living in canada now.他现在住在加拿大。2季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。we usually have breakfast at 7 oclock.我们通常7点吃早饭。3在学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。im interested in english.我对英语感兴趣。he is fond of playing chess.他喜欢下棋。4表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，其前通常不用冠词。dr. peter spence, headmaster of the school, told us，“a fifth of pupils here go on to study at oxford or cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得斯彭思博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”5与by连用的表示交通工具、通信工程的名词前不用冠词。are you going there by plane or by ship?你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？6系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。his brother has turned writer. 他弟弟已成为一名作家。7“零冠词单数名词as/though主语谓语”意为“尽管但是”。hero as/though he is, he has some shortcomings.尽管他是个英雄，但是他也有一些缺点。8“名词介词短语”的独立主格结构中，名词前不用冠词。the teacher came in, book in hand.老师手里拿着一本书走了进来。(二)零冠词用于固定搭配中at present 目前 take part in 参加in peace 平静 by chance/accident 碰巧on purpose 故意 on second thoughts 再一想ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前by law 根据法律 by mistake 由于差错under repair 处于维修中 lose heart 灰心day and night 整日整夜 from morning till night 从早到晚out of control 失控 out of work 失业in danger 处于危险之中 at risk 有危险对点练3单句改错sam has been appointed the manager of the engineering department to take the place of george. 去掉第一个thei told him i could not go to the college because i did not want to study anymore. 去掉thethough i am busy with my study, i often imagine what my life will be like in the ten years. 去掉thei used to be too shy to speak english in the public. 去掉thekeeping a diary is a good habit, by which youll make the great progress. 去掉the冠词的活用1用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使之具体化。这样的物质名词有：rain, snow, fog, wind, drink, coffee, beer, fire, paper等；抽象名词有：success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, wonder, comfort, danger, shock等。he suddenly appeared on a rainy night, which was a great surprise to us.他在一个雨夜突然出现，这使我们非常吃惊。after preparing all the equipment for an outdoor shoot, suddenly a heavy rain came.为户外拍摄做好一切准备后，突然下起了大雨。2不定冠词用于序数词前，强调“再一，又一”。live a good, honorable life. then when you get older and think back, youll get to enjoy it a second time.过一种优质而高尚的生活。那样，当你逐渐老去，回首往事时，你会再次享受到生活的乐趣。3有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节等名词前用不定冠词。im sure this outing will last long, so bring a packed lunch.我敢肯定这次郊游会持续很长时间，所以请带上自备的午餐。4表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有修饰语时，用不定冠词。a peaceful world 一个和平的世界a bright moon 一轮明月5有无冠词的短语的区别对点练4用适当的冠词填空the only thing the woodman had was a good supper of a big sausage.a number of these results on why this kind of birds cant fly