高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材重点全程攻略 Unit 1 A land of diversity讲义 新人教版选修8.doc

unit 1 a land of diversity话题素材多元文化话题词汇1.race n. 种族2.racism n. 种族歧视；种族主义3.expand vi. 扩展4.immigrant n. 移民5.religion n. 宗教6.be divided into . 被分成7.culture shock 文化冲击8.crowd into 涌入9.make a fortune 发财10.way of life 生活方式11.cultural symbols 文化标志12.settle down 定居13.cultural background 文化背景14.own a diverse culture 拥有多元文化15.be rich in natural resources 自然资源丰富经典佳句1.race has_always_been_a_hot_button in this countrys history.种族一直是这个国家历史上争论不休的问题。2.ive_been_longing_to go to america, mainly for two reasons. one is that i can experience american culture, which_is_believed to be the most diverse in the world. the other is that i can broaden_my_horizons in this developed country.我一直盼望去美国，主要有两个原因。其一是我能够体验美国文化，它被认为是世界上最多元化的。其二是我能够在这个发达国家开拓视野。3.the history of the early immigrants makes_us_thankful_for our life today.早期移民者的历史使我们感恩今天的生活。精美语篇in 1848, gold was discovered in california. the dream of becoming rich attracted the chinese. however, few achieved their dream. the majority still chose to remain in california to make a life despite great hardship. their cells were cold and damp, but they had nowhere to go. their miserable life seemed to be punishment rather than justice. they wrote poems to mourn their former life in china. in the meanwhile, they applied for right to live in the usa, but it was not until the civil authorities reformed the system that they were able to grasp the opportunity. the customs and languages live on in their new home.today, a large percentage of chineseamericans live in the chinatowns, still keeping up their chinese culture. the history of the early immigrants makes us thankful for our life today.高频单词1.distinct (adj.) 清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction (n.) 差别；区分；卓著2.means (n.) 方法；手段meaning (n.) 意思mean (v.) 打算；意味meaningful (adj.) 有意义的3.majority (n.) 大多数；大半major (adj.) 主要的 (v.) 主修minority (反义词) (n.) 少数；少数民族minor (adj.) 较小的；次要的4.elect (vt.) 选择；决定做某事；选举某人election (n.) 选举5.boom (n.) (人口、贸易的)繁荣 (vi.) 处于迅速发展时期6.racial (adj.) 人种的；种族的race (n.) 种族；比赛racism (n.) 种族主义；种族歧视7.applicant (n.) 申请人apply (vi.) 申请application (n.) 申请书；申请8.customs (n.) 海关；关税；进口税custom (n.) 风俗；习惯 customer (n.) 顾客；主顾9.socialist (n.) 社会主义者social (adj.) 社会的socialism (n.) 社会主义society (n.) 社会10.occur (vi.) 发生；出现occurence (n.) 事件；发生的事occurred (过去式/过去分词)11.indicate (vt.) 指出；标示；表明；暗示indication (n.) 象征；标示；表明；暗示12.luggage (n.) 行李baggage (近义词) (n.) 行李13.apparent (adj.) 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently (adv.) 显然地；显而易见地14.slip (vi.) 滑动；滑行；滑跤 (n.) 滑动；滑倒slipper (n.) 拖鞋slippery (adj.) 滑的15.hire (vt. & n) 租用；雇用fire (反义词) (vt.) 解雇16.punishment (n.) 惩罚；处罚punish (vt.) 惩罚重点短语1.live_on 继续存在；继续生存2.by_means_of 用方法；借助3.make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4.keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)5.back_to_back 背靠背6.team up with 与合作或一起工作7.mark out 画线；标出界线8.take in 包括；吸收9.apply for 申请；请示得到10.a great/good many 许多；很多热点句型1.名词性从句作介词的宾语exactly when the first people arrived in what_we_now_know_as (我们现在称之为) california, no one really knows.(教材p2)2.it is likely that . “很可能”however, it_is_likely_that (很可能) native americans were living in california at least fifteen thousand years ago.(教材p2)3.why引导的表语从句，表示“的原因”that_is_why (那就是为什么) today over 40% of californians speak spanish as a first or second language.(教材p2)4.过去分词作原因状语people from different parts of the world, attracted_by (被吸引) the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to california.(教材p3)5.借助于it作形式主语的主语从句it_is_believed_that (人们认为) before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(教材p3)同步训练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.it also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the usa, _ (attract) people from all over the world.答案：having attracted2.the customs and languages of the immigrants live _ in their new home.答案：on3.scientists believe that these settlers crossed the bering strait in the arctic to america by means _ a land bridge.答案：of4.in addition, many died from the diseases _ (bring) by the europeans.答案：brought5.in the 18th century california _ (rule) by spain.答案：was ruled6.the dream of _ (become) rich quickly attracted people _ all over the world.答案：becoming; from7.in 1911 immigrants from denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps _ their danish culture.答案：up8._ the 1920s the film industry was well established in holleywood, california.答案：by9.its a 79 km roundtrip that takes _ all the famous tourist spots.答案：in10.from 1882 to 1940 angel island was a famous immigration station _ many chinese people applied for right to live in usa.答案：where1 majorityn大多数；大半教材原句of the first spanish to go to california, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the catholic religion to the natives. (p2)在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。(1)a/the majority of . most of . 大多数be in a/the majority 构成大多数/占多数(2)major adj. 主要的 vi. 专修；主攻(3)major in 主修(4)minority n. 少数；少数派/人(5)the majority和the minority单独用作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数形式；但其后表语是复数时，谓语动词通常也要用复数。(6)“the majority of名词”用作主语，其谓语动词的数应与名词的数保持一致。the_majority_of them take an online language test before starting their programme.他们大多数人在开始上课前要进行网上语言测试。at the meeting, young people were in_the_majority.在会上，年轻人占大多数。what subject did you major_in when you were in university?你在大学主修什么科目？the_majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.大多数人支持禁烟。2 occurvi.发生；出现教材原句it didnt occur to me that . (p5)我没有想到occurprep./adv. 发生；存在sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事it occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that . 某人突然想起it occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起/想到做某事a great decline in young work force is likely to occur in china.中国很有可能出现年轻劳动力减少的问题。it_occurred_to/struck/hit me that id left my purse in the office.我突然想起把钱包落到办公室了。it didnt occur_to me to phone the police.我根本没想到打电话报警。3 indicatevt.指出；标示；表明；暗示教材原句try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.(p7)试着用以上表达来表明你在认真倾听你搭档的话。(1)indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出某物indicate that . 示意；表明as . indicate 正如所示(2)indication n. 指示；象征；预示there is no indication that . 无迹象表明there are some indications that . 有迹象表明a red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。michael tomasellos tests on young children indicate_that they have the instinct to help others.迈克尔托马塞洛的关于小孩的实验表明他们具有帮助他人的本性。they gave no_indication of how the work should be done.他们根本没说明这项工作该怎么做。there_are clear indications_that the economy is improving.有明显的迹象显示经济正在改善。.单句语法填空1lets assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the _ (major) of people.答案：majority由句意可知此处表述“大多数人”。the majority of . “大多数”，故填其名词形式。2_ (apparent), she took no notice of the mistakes in the accident.答案：apparentlyapparently “明显地”。副词修饰整个句子。3could you give me some _ (indicate) as to when i am likely to receive a reply?答案：indication此处应填名词作give的宾语，且意为“暗示”，为不可数名词。4_ (hire) a car, you must produce a passport and a current driving license.答案：to hire此处用不定式作目的状语。句意：若想租车，你需要出示护照及当前驾照。5all the _ can _ in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their _ before may 6th. (apply)答案：applicants; apply; applications句意：所有申请人都可以本人亲自或通过书信进行申请，并且同时于5月6日前递交申请书。applicant名词“申请人”；apply动词“申请”；application名词“申请(书)”。.单句改错1not once did it occur michael that he could one day become a top student in his class._答案：occur后加to2she slipped out the house before the others were aware._答案：out后加of3in fact, i didnt realize its importance until i was elected the monitor._答案：去掉the4a large percentage of this hotels income are from the visitors to the lake nearby._答案：areis5business in china is boomed, and that trend is expected to grow._答案：boomedboomingby means of 通过；用；借助于教材原句,scientists believe that these settlers crossed the bering strait in the arctic to america by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.(p2)科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。by this means 用这种方法by no meansin no wayin no caseon no accountat no time 决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子用倒装语序)by all means (用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题means用作“方式；方法”讲时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。only by_this_means can you work out the problem.只有用这种方法你才能解决这个问题。by_no_means is the problem as simple as we first thought.问题决不像我们当初想象的那么简单。can i come and have a look at your new house?yes, by_all_means!我可以来看看你的新房子吗？可以，没问题！every possible means has_been_tried,_but none has worked.all possible means have_been_tried,_but none has worked.各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等教材原句,some died or returned home， but most remained in california to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.(p2)有些人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生。(1)come to life 苏醒；变得活跃live/lead a . life 过着生活come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气bring . back to life 使苏醒过来；给活力(2)make/earn a/ones living 谋生(3)make it 成功；到达某地they settled down in canada and make_a_life for themselves.他们在加拿大定居下来，开始习惯新的生活方式。to our great joy, he came_to_life soon.令我们高兴的是，他很快苏醒了。the unemployed usually lead_a_hard_life.失业的人生活一般很困难。take in 包括；领会；理解；欺骗；收留；收养；吸收教材原句its a 79 km roundtrip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.(p8)这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。take apart 拆开；剖析；抨击(论点等)take back 收回；带回；使回想起take care of 照料；保管take down 拿下；取下；拆卸；记下take it easy 别紧张；慢慢来take over 继承；接收；接管take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞；大获成功take on 承担；呈现take ones place 入座；代替某人的位置take ones time 不急；慢慢来take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理；拿起；继续he was homeless, so we took_him_in.他无家可归，我们便收留了他。peter will take_up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.在下个月末彼得将开始担任旅行社领导的职位。写出下列句中take in的含义athe price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food.包括bbretts always taking in stray animals.收养cdont be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺骗di found it easy to take in what the professor had said.理解eit is said that black takes in more heat than white.吸收a great many 很多；许多(修饰可数名词)教材原句saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants.(p8)参观了这里的一些有趣的寺庙，不少的集贸市场和许多餐馆。(1)(2)不可数名词单数谓语(3)a mass of可数名词的复数/不可数名词单数谓语(4)(5)a quantity ofa_great_many students like music and sports.很多学生都喜欢音乐和体育活动。it seems that a_great_many of them are out of work now.似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。apply for 申请教材原句,from 1882 to 1940 angel island was a famous immigration station where many chinese people applied for right to live in usa.(p8)从1882至1940年，天使岛成了一个有名的移民站，许多中国人在那里申请美国居住权。(1)apply to sb. for sth.向某人申请apply to 适用于；运用于apply sth. to . 把运用于apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力做(2)application n. 申请(书)applicant n. 申请人the new technology has been applied_to farming.这项新技术已被应用于农业。you would pass the exam if you applied_yourself_to your work.努力学习就会通过考试。his application for the job has been refused.他的工作申请已被拒绝。.选词填空1im writing to _ the position as a student volunteer.答案：apply for2they _ the tennis court with white paint.答案：marked out3walls made of adobe _ the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights.答案：take in4_houses were knocked down by the earthquake.答案：a great many5you can _ another member if you want.答案：team up with.完成句子1we should _ these good traditions and customs.我们应该保持这些优良传统和风俗。答案：keep up2his hotel is _ with a hotel.他的店与一家旅馆背靠背。答案：back to back3we must make a fortune _ industry.我们必须通过勤劳致富。答案：by means of4the irish used to _ a diet of patatoes.爱尔兰人过去以土豆为主食。答案：live on5why should we be _ instead of making a living?为什么我们应该过自己喜欢的生活而不是为了生存而活？答案：making a lifehowever, it_is_likely_that native americans were living in california at least fifteen thousand years ago.(p2)然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亚州了。it is likely that . “很可能”。本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。句中likely为形容词，意为“可能的”。其近义词有possible, probable。you_are_very_likely_to come across large wild animals in the forest, so be careful!it_is_likely_that you will come across large wild animals, so be careful!在森林里，你很可能会遇到大型的野生动物，因此要当心！in fact, women are_less_likely_to_have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.事实上，妇女不大可能得高血压或死于心脏病。brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely_to_be a beethoven.布莱恩在创作乐曲方面有天赋，他有望成为另一个贝多芬。it_is_probable_that the cost will be greater than we think.花费很可能比我们预想的要多。.单句语法填空1fish are most likely _ (find) in shallow water under waterside trees.答案：to be found固定句式sb./sth. be likely to do “某人/物可能”，且fish与find为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应填to be found。2_ is said that rap music was invented by a classical musician in 1912.答案：it固定句式it is said that . “据说”。it作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。3it was raining hard; that is _ he came late.答案：whythats why . “那就是的原因”。4a ship in harbor is safe, but thats not _ it is built for.答案：what该句中what引导表语从句，且在从句中作介词for的宾语，表达“什么”含义。what . for用来询问原因或目的。.句型转换1it is likely that the weather will be fine.the weather _ fine.答案：is likely to be2it is believed that professor li is working in the library.professor li is believed _ in the library.答案：to be working名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)概念在句子中起名词作用的从句称为名词性从句，又根据其在复合句中具体充当的成分，可分为主语从句(subject clause)、宾语从句(object clause)、表语从句(predicative clause)和同位语从句(appositive clause)。名词性从句的引导词引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类：1连词：that (在从句中不充当成分，无语义); whether, if(在从句中不充当成分，语义为“是否”)its good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while were away.知道我们不在的时候狗会被精心照看真好。2连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which(在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语)“every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” this is what my mother used to tell me.“每次吃甜点的时候，喝绿茶”。这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的。3连接副词：when, where, how, why (在从句中充当状语)exactly when the potato was introduced into europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.土豆确切地于什么时候被引进到欧洲是不确定的，但可能是1565年左右。主语从句主语从句一般位于谓语动词之前，但有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。it is strange that the children are so quiet.真奇怪，孩子们如此安静。宾语从句1形式宾语it动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语时，有时需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.苏姗明确向我表示，她希望为自己过新生活。2介词后的宾语从句连词 that 引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in等后；其他的介词后的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步作形式宾语。you may depend on it that tom will help you with your english.你可以相信汤姆会帮助你学英语。3某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that 可省略。they are afraid (that) i will feel lonely.他们担心我会感觉孤独。4宾语从句中的时态与主句时态的呼应主句动词是现在时，从句应根据具体情况使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外)时，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等；但当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。we arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night.我们早晨上班，发现有人夜间闯入了办公室。our teacher told us that january is the first month of the year.我们的老师告诉我们一月是一年的第一个月。表语从句1引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但是有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语系动词从句。what a mess! youre always so lazy!im not to blame, mum. i am what you have made me.太乱了！你总是这么懒！妈妈，不该责备我。是你造成我这个样子的。2when, where, why, how, because引导的从句作this is 或that is的表语时，表示具体的时间、地点、原因、方式等。that is why i dont finish the task in time.那是我没有及时完成任务的原因。3当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that而不是because引导。the reason why he was late was that he missed the train this morning.他迟到的原因是今天早晨他错过了火车。.单句语法填空1the new book is about _ shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent into space.答案：how此处为介词后的宾语从句，由语义判断表示“如何”，故用how引导。2some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.答案：whatever“_ has happened before or is happening now”为从句作主语，且从句中缺少主语，根据句意可知此处表示“无论现在或过去发生什么”，故填whatever。3shes no longer _ she used to be.答案：what设空处引导表语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，由语义判断此处表述“什么”或“样子”，故填what。4i truly believe _ beauty comes from within.答案：thatbelieve后为宾语从句，且从句中不缺语义和成分，故应由that引导。5grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “thats _ i was born.”答案：wherewhere在此句中引导表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语，意为“所的地方”。.单句改错1it struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son._答案：itwhat2the best moment for the football star was how he scored the winning goal._答案：howwhen3the customs office is that your luggage is inspected when you enter or leave a country._答案：thatwhere.阅读理解a2018宁夏石嘴山高三模拟there is a large percentage of asian people in the us. theyre hard working, respectful but strange sometimes. if you dont understand the culture, you will get some problems with them. asian people are different from any other cultures. if you think you know them, you might want to think again.how are they different? when it comes to most asian culture, respect is everything. you can do anything you want but dont disrespect an asian man. you will get some real consequences afterward and especially if he is your boss. its something called “face_saving” in the as