高考英语大一轮复习 第一部分 Module 4Great Scientists课下作业 外研版必修4.doc

module 4great scientists.重点单词识记联想运用会书写一、核心单词1.support vt.支持2.quantity n. 数量3.escape vi. 逃跑；逃避4.clear vi. (烟雾)消散5.replace vt. 取代；以代替6.figure n. 人物7.publish vt. 出版8.quality n. 质量9.straight adj. 直的二、阅读单词1.breakthrough n. 突破2.convert vt. 改变；转换3.diagnose vt. 诊断4.victim n. 受害者5.brilliant adj. 聪颖的；才华横溢的6.career n. 生涯；经历7.species n. 物种三、拓展单词1.leading adj.主要的lead vt.领导；引导leader n.领导；领袖2.physical adj.身体的；物理的physically adv.身体上；身体上地3.brief adj.简短的；简洁的briefly adv.简短地；简洁地4.graduate vi.毕业 n.毕业生graduation n.毕业5.personal adj.个人的personally adv.就个人来说personality n.个性；人格6.explode vi.爆炸explosion n.爆炸；爆炸声7.producer n.生产者produce vt.&vi.生产production n.产量；生产product n.产品8.educate vt.教育education n.教育educator n.教育工作者9.agriculture n.农业agricultural adj.农业的10.original adj.原来的；最初的origin n.起源originate vi.起源11.export vt.出口import vt.进口会积累1.“支持，拥护”家族advocate vt.提倡；拥护back vt. 支持support vt. 支持，帮助stand by/for 支持in favour of 支持，赞同vote for 投票支持 2.“数量”名词全接触quantity 数量amount 数量number 数量mass 大量plenty 大量3.合成名词(v.adv.)荟萃breakthrough n. 突破breakdown n. 故障，破损warmup n. 热身运动gettogether n. 联欢会；聚会takeaway n. 外带的食物4.单复数同形名词species n. 物种series n. 系列means n. 方法remains n. 剩余物works n. 工厂5.由“进出口”联想到的名词import 进口export 出口trade 贸易customs 海关tariff 关税openingup policy 对外开放政策 会应用用所给词的适当形式填空1.though she explained the topic briefly,_we still learned a lot from her brief words.(brief)2.it is originally thought to be a plant of africa, but no one knows exactly the origin of this plant, because we dont have any original material about it.(origin)3.my brother is a graduate in physics and he graduated from beijing university.he has been working in a famous company after graduation.(graduate) 4.this factory produces computers.its producer is very optimistic about the production and sale.(produce)5.the government is attaching more importance to educating the younger generation.in a sense, it is the duty of every educator to do what they can for the cause of education of china.(educate)6.two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode).核心短语识记联想运用会书写1.bring_up培养；养育 2.experiment_with 对进行实验 3.bring_in 引进 4.as_a_result_of 由于的结果 5.carry_out 实施；履行 6.be known for 因而出名/闻名7.be diagnosed with 被诊断患有疾病8.earn ones living 谋生9.come to/into power 掌权10.o. 把转化为_11.the/a key to (doing) sth (做)某事的关键_会积累1.come e to power掌权come to a conclusion 得出结论come to life 活跃起来come to an agreement 达成协议come to the point 谈正题2.由the key to想到的the approach to 的方法the access to 的通道the answer to 的答案the notes to 的注释the entrance to 的入口会应用选用上表左栏短语填空1.after he came_to/into_power，he took a series of measures to improve peoples life.2.after his wife was_diagnosed_with breast cancer, he spent all of his time looking after her.3.henry was brought_up by his grandmother, so he was very grateful to her for what she had done.4.the basketball match has been cancelled as_a_result_of the heavy rain.5.as is known to all, hangzhou is_known_for the west lake and other local places of interest.6.the young man made a promise to his parents that he would try to earn_his_living after graduation.经典句式分析背诵仿写句型公式1：it is/was过去分词that从句。教材原句 in stephen hawkings case it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.就史蒂芬霍金的情况来说，人们发现他是一个卓越的科学家。句型仿写 it_is_said_that yoga is very beneficial to human health.据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大益处。句型公式2：keep宾语宾语补足语。教材原句 the tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上，这根木棍能使火箭直线前进。句型仿写 i am sorry for having kept_you_waiting for three hours.很抱歉让你等了三个小时。句型公式3：现在分词短语作结果状语。教材原句 or was he carried miles into space, becoming the worlds first astronaut? 或者他被带到了太空中数英里的地方，成为了世界上第一个宇航员？ 句型仿写 the hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing_more_patients_to_be_treated.(2017天津卷单选)这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。 .语篇填空回顾补全热诵根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。the chinese scientist，yuan longping，is a 1.leading (lead) figure in the ricegrowing world.he was born and brought 2.up in china.as a boy he 3.was_educated (educate) in many schools.he studied agriculture in college.after 4.graduation/graduating (graduate) from southwest agriculture college，he has devoted 5.himself (he) to agriculture education and research ever since.he thought that the key to feeding people was 6.to_have(have) more rice and to produce it more quickly.after many years hard work，he produced 7.a new plant by crossing different species of rice plant，8.which could give a 9.higher(high) yield than either of the 10.original(origin) plants.this breakthrough in rice breeding has made great contributions to the world.核 心 词 汇1.clear vi.(烟雾)消散；变清澈；(天)变晴vt.使清澈；使清楚，消除，扫清；清嗓子 adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清晰的；畅通的一词多义写出下列句中clear的含义when the smoke cleared wan hu and his chair had disappeared.(教材原句)(烟雾)消散the sky cleared after the storm.(天)变晴the professor cleared his throat before giving a speech.清嗓子we tried our best to clear his mind of doubt.消除the movie sends a clear message to teenagers: if you are determined to follow your dream, nothing stands in the way.清晰的(1)clear away 清除；驱散；拿走；收拾clear up (天)放晴；整理；清理；消除(误会)clear ones throat (说话前)清嗓子(2)make.clear 阐明；清楚表明its raining now, but i think it will clear_up soon.天还在下雨，不过我想天很快就会放晴。susan made_it_clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.苏珊明确向我表明，她想为自己谋得一份新生活。2.quantity n.数量；大量a large/small quantity of 大/少量的(large) quantities of 大量的in quantityin large amounts 大量地he found that quantities of food were (be) on the table.他在桌子上发现了大量的食物。a large quantity of air conditioners has_been_sold (sell) since the summer came.今夏以来，已有大量的空调被销售出去。it is wellknown that its cheaper to buy goods in_quantity.众所周知，大批量购货较便宜。名师指津quantity作主语时，其谓语动词与quantity的单复数保持一致。3.support vt.& n.支持；拥护；支撑；供养(1)support sb in sth在某方面支持某人support a (ones) family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生(2)with ones support 在某人的支持下in support of 支持；拥护hes looking for a new job, one where he can get more money to support_his_family.他正在寻找一份新工作，一份能赚到更多钱以养家糊口的工作。a scientist must produce evidence in_support_of his theory.科学家必须提出论据以支持其理论。my parents always support me in_what_i_want_to_do.我的父母总是支持我想做的事情。4.escape v.& n.逃跑，逃脱；避开；(气体、液体等)漏出；被遗忘一词多义写出下列句中escape的含义the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries，in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.(2015江苏卷)漏出，溢出that particular day，my brother and i sat through both movies twice，trying to escape the heat.避开without thinking he started to run and luckily escaped the cats paws.成功避免(1)escape (doing) sth逃避(做)某事 escape from从逃脱；逃避 escape ones attention/notice逃过某人的注意 sth escape(s) sb某物被某人遗忘；未被注意 (2)fire escape太平梯；安全梯；安全出口 a narrow escape九死一生；死里逃生i saw a familiar face in the crowd, whose name escaped (escape) me for the moment.我在人群中看到了一张熟悉的面孔，可是我暂时想不起名字了。peter survived in the accident when he fell over board yesterday.he narrowly escaped_being_drowned (drown).彼得昨天从甲板上掉了下去但幸免于难，他差一点被淹死。to their relief, their students narrowly escaped_from the shaking building.使他们宽慰的是，他们的学生们从摇晃的楼房中勉强逃出去了。5.earn ones living谋生make a living earn ones living谋生earn ones own living 自食其力earn money/a fortune 挣钱/大钱earn sb praise/a reputation为某人赢得赞扬/名声mary often does some translation work to_earn_extra_money，which accounts for half of her income.玛丽经常做些翻译工作来获取额外收入，这些收入占了她收入的一半。since his parents died early, he had to earn_his_own_living when he was a teenager.因双亲早亡，他十几岁的时候就不得不独自谋生。the company has earned_a_good_reputation for reliability.该公司因其诚信可靠而赢得了良好声誉。6.come to/into power掌权；上台；执政in power当权take/seize power 夺取政权beyond ones power 不能胜任within/in ones power 有能力；力所能及albert einstein left germany when hitler came_to_power and went to work in the us.(教材原句)当希特勒上台后，爱因斯坦离开了德国去美国工作。the government in_power is devoted to the improvement of education.这一届政府致力于提高教育。i am sorry, it is beyond_my_power to do this.对不起，这件事我也无能为力。名师指津come to power 与 be in power 都表示“掌权”，但前者表示动作，不能与时间段连用；后者表示状态，可以与时间段连用。重 点 句 型the tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep_the_rocket_moving in a straight direction.这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上，这根木棍能使火箭直线前进。句中的keep the rocket moving为“keep宾语宾补”结构。其中the rocket是宾语，现在分词moving是宾补，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。“keep宾语宾语补足语”结构，意为“使继续处于某种状态”，这里keep为使役动词。其用法有：(1)keep宾语形容词/副词/介词短语(2)keep宾语现在分词 (分词与宾语构成主动关系) (3)keep宾语过去分词 (分词与宾语构成被动关系)children are requested to keep_the_classroom_tidy_and_clean.孩子们被要求保持教室整洁干净。remember to keep the engine running(run), for it is difficult to start.记住别让发动机熄火，因为它难发动。please remain seated and keep your seat belts fastened (fasten).请坐好并系好安全带。名师指津高考中经常涉及的可以接过去分词或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：find，leave，feel，see，hear，have，get 等。当 堂 达 标.单词拼写1.he published (出版) his first novel when he was eighteen years old.2.regular exercise every day keeps him in good physical(身体的) condition.3.confucius was one of the greatest figures(人物) in history.4.young men were once required to be educated (教育) in good manners.5.china exports(出口) things to many countries and regions every year.6.we had to wait on the freeway until the thick fog cleared(放晴) at last.7.he began to teach in our school after he graduated(毕业) from a famous university in 2017.8.a bomb exploding(爆炸) near a supermarket shocked the people in it.9.cheap goods are available, but not in sufficient quantity (数量) to satisfy demand.10.surgeons have made a great breakthrough (突破) in the kidney transplantation.11.you cant expect that something may escape (逃脱) the teachers attention.12.the shopkeeper said he would replace(更换) the tv set if we were not satisfied.13.mom and dad，i want you to support (支持) me in all that im doing.单句语法填空1.i was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour，otherwise i would not have kept you waiting (wait) for such a long time.2.its impossible for all the people to get the job because all of them are not fit for it.3.there are a couple of matters which i want to bring up today for discussion.4.the problem of global warming is serious.as a result, the sea level rises.5.though earning (earn) his living by selling fruit, the old man contributed much money to help the people hit by the disaster.6.more highways have been built in shandong province since 2017, making (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.7.a large quantity of money has_been_collected(collect) to help those suffering from the floods.8.whoever breaks the law wont escape being_punished (punish).9.several members spoke in support of the volunteers at the meeting yesterday.10.his success was a long story, but in brief, he succeeded after many failures.单句改错1.the government in the power is devoted to the improvement of education.去掉第二个the2.he was able to turn to writing to earn living.earn后加a或his3.the book which published last month sold well. which后加was4.the boss made clear to him that he was fired.made后加it5.only a few people spoke in the support of the suggestion.去掉第一个the.一句多译/句型转换1.大量的水被污染了，因此湖泊闻起来很难闻。large_quantities_of water have been polluted, so the lake smells terrible.(quantities)a_large_quantity_of water has been polluted, so the lake smells terrible.(quantity)2.i will support you forever whenever it is.i_will_stand_by_you_forever_whenever_it_is.(stand短语)i_will_be_in_favor_of_you_forever_whenever_it_is.(favor短语)i_will_be_in_support_of_you_forever_whenever_it_is.(support作名词的短语)3.ive made a living looking for the best deals and exposing the worst tricks.(短语替换)ive earned a living looking for the best deals and exposing the worst tricks.4.i will try my best to help you with your english.i believe you will make greater progress.i will do everything in/within my power to help you with your english.i believe you will make greater progress.课 下 作 业a(2018山东六校高三联考)with more sunshine than portland or eugene, nature on the doorstep and great craft beer and coffee, bend may just be the perfect small u.s.city deserving a visit.and the following will offer you an enjoyable experience of staying.the oxford hotelthe 59room, sevenstorey hotel became the tallest building in downtown bend when opened in 2010.it has smart, large rooms in natural tones, fine dining at its restaurant, regular jazz concerts，and a commitment to using natural products where possible and running on 100% renewable energy.the mcmenamins old st.francis schoolmcmenamins hotels are famed for their conversions (改建的房屋), so its no surprise to find this former catholic schoolhouse, dating from 1936, is now an affordable hotel, restaurant, music venue and cinema.the classrooms are now 19 guest rooms, each named after former teachers.my place hotelbend, orin the historic district，this 63room smokefree hotel places you within a relaxing walk of old mill district and les schwab amphitheater.it welcomes guests with conveniences like free inroom wifi，laundry facilities, and a 24hour business center.limited housekeeping and free parking are also available.the mill inn bed and breakfastbend has several chain hotels, motels and selfcatering suites, but it doesnt have many b&bs, which makes mill inn a delightful discovery.the 10room, wooden hotel is a 10minute walk from downtown, and serves healthy and hearty breakfasts of freshly made frittatas, granola, fruit, yoghurt, and fryups of local bacon and sausages.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了在bend旅游时可以选择的四个宾馆。1.what can we infer about the oxford hotel?a.its rooms are relatively small.b.it is environmentally friendly.c.it is within walking distance of downtown.d.it is the tallest building in downtown bend.答案b推理判断题。根据第二段中的“.and a commitment to using natural products where possible and running on 100% renewable energy”可知，该宾馆尽可能地使用天然产品和可再生能源，因此它是环保的。故选b。2.how is the mcmenamins old st.francis school special?a.it provides affordable breakfasts.b.it is located in a historic district.c.its rooms were built in honor of teachers.d.it has its roots in an ancient school building.答案d细节理解题。根据第三段中的“mcmenamins hotels are.music venue and cinema.”可知， 该宾馆是由学校改建而成的，故选d。3.in which column of a website are you likely to find this article?a.travel.b.lifestyle. c.fashion.d.culture.答案a推理判断题。根据第一段中的“bend may just be the perfect.enjoyable experience of staying.”和下文对各个宾馆的介绍可知， 本文旨在为到bend旅游的人提供可住宿宾馆建议，应属于旅游专栏。故选a。b(2018湖北武汉高三调研)i felt like i had clicked my heels three times and come to a country away from home every morning as i walked through the doors at the embassy of australia in washington.musical aussie accents and aboriginal art exhibits made me wonder if i had entered without a visa.in fact i was a temporary employee，a public affairs unpaid intern(实习生) for three months during the summer in order to engage myself in the culture of the country where i planned to study the next spring.during the summer i read the australian news every day.working at the embassy allowed me to escape the u.s.for six hours per day and learn about what was going on across the planet.after reading the daily australian and u.s.news i usually helped prepare a powerpoint presentation for school kids who visited the embassy as part of a school activity.depending on whether an embassy event was going on，i would attend weekly meetings to listen to planning and see what i could do to help.usually there were smaller tasks to be done such as creating visitors guides.the most fantastic event in which i participated was the visit of the australian prime minister.as the only american among countless australian media and staff, i felt comfortable and was kept busy taking pictures and recording doorstop interviews at famous sites such as the capitol.as an intern, you will not be exposed to topsecret information, but you are on the inside when it comes to special events.government work is a useful addition to ones experience.as an embassy employee you will gain invaluable knowledge while spending your summer in a culturally diverse workplace.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者为了要到澳大利亚学习提前在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历。4.what is the author talking about?a.her embassy internship.b.her trouble in finding a job.c.her foreign culture experience.d.her preparation for future employment.答案a主旨大意题。根据全文大意可知，作者主要讲述了她在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历。5.why was the author in the embassy of australia for three months?a.to apply for a visa.b.to prepare to study in australia.c.to record musical aussie accents.d.to appreciate aboriginal art exhibits.答案b细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“in order to engage.to study the next spring”可知，作者实习的原因是让自己融入澳大利亚的文化中，因为明年春天她要去那里学习，故答案为b。6.what was the author forbidden to do when the australian prime minister visited america?a.record doorstop interviews.b.know topsecret information.c.take pictures of special events.d.stand among the australian staff.答案b细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“you will not be exposed to topsecret information”可知，实习生不会接触到绝密信息，故选b。7.what can we infer about the authors daily routine at the embassy?a.it is tiring.b.it is boring.c.it is exciting.d.it is relaxing.答案c推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“the most fantastic event”以及最后一段中的“a useful addition”和“gain invaluable knowledge”可知，作者对这次经历的描述是非常积极和正面的，因此可以推断出，在大使馆工作是令作者兴奋的。c (2018甘肃第一次诊断)the 2016 nobel prize in physics is shared by three scientists, the royal academy of sciences announced in stockholm on tuesday.the nobel prize in physics 2016 was di