Interpersonal Function 人际功能.ppt

InterpersonalFunction Contents NotionsofHalliday sInterpersonalFunction InterpersonalFunctiononaddressterms InterpersonalFunctiononmoodsystem InterpersonalFunctiononmodalitysystem NotionsofInterpersonalFunction AccordingtoHalliday therearethreemeta functionsineverylanguagesystem Oneofthemiscalledinterpersonalfunction IPforshort IPfunctionsalotinestablishingandmaintainingthesocialrelationshipsbetweenspeakersthroughouttheuseoflanguageindailylife Hallidayobserved Here speakerisusinglanguageasthemeansofhisownintrusionintothespeechevent theexpressionofhiscomments attitudesandevaluations andalsooftherelationshipthathesetsupbetweenhimselfandthelistener inparticularthecommunicationrolethatheadopts ofinforming questioning greeting persuading andthelike Halliday 1973 333 Thefunctionisthemeaningpotentialofthespeakerasanintruder Throughthefunction thespeakermakeshimselfparticipateinacertaincontextofsituationandexpresseshisopinions attitudesandevaluationsandalsoattemptstoexertinfluenceonothers attitudeandbehavior Inaddition thefunctionshowstherolerelationshiprelatedtothesituation includingcommunicativerolerelationshipbetweenquestionerandanswerer informeranddoubter andsoon Inotherwords theinterpersonalfunctionincommunicationnotonlyrealizesthespeaker sattitudes hisorherrole status pointofview intentionandjudgment butalsoinfluencesthereceivers pointofviewandactions therelationshipbetweenthespeakersandthehearersisdynamic Halliday sresearchontheinterpersonalfunctionwasmainlycarriedoutfromtheperspectiveofmood modalityandintonation Halliday sModelofInterpersonalFunction InterpersonalInteractional MoodAttitudinalmodalitymodalizationmodulation Evaluativedevices TheRealizationsofInterpersonalFunctionInterpersonalFunctiononmoodsystem ThedefinitionofmoodofferedbyThompson 2000 42 isthatitexpressestheentitythatthespeakerwantstomakeresponsibleforthevalidityandfortheprepositionbeingadvancedintheclause Moodis theselectionbythespeakerofaparticularroleinthespeechsituation andhisdeterminationofthechoiceofrolesfortheaddressee Halliday 1994 33 Weshouldmakeitclearwhatthespeechroleis andinso doingassignstothelisteneracomplimentaryrole whichhewisheshimtoadoptinhisturn Theinterpersonalfunctionofmoodisstronglylinkedtospeechrole Duringthespeakingroleforhimself andthecomplementaryoneforhelistener Moodconsistsoftwoparts thesubjectandthefiniteelement Thesubjectismainlyexpressedbyanominalgroup itcanbeanoun anounphrase oraclause Forexample 1 Changeswerejustgettingunderway 2 ArisingChinawillfueleconomicgrowthandprosperity 3 Thatweareinthemidstofcrisisisnowwellunderstood Thefiniteelementisoneofasmallnumberofverbaloperators expressingtense e g do was ormodality will may Forexample Theroadaheadwillbelong orclimbwillbesteep wewillgetthere Nov04 2008Chicago TherearethreetypesofmoodinEnglish thedeclarativemood theinterrogativemoodandtheimperativemood UsuallywhenpeopleuseLanguagetostatetheiropinions theymayusethedeclarativeclause whentheywanttogetinformationfromotherpeople theymayadopttheinterrogativeclause andwhentheyarewillingtooffersomethingtocommandsomeonetodocertainthingsforthem theymostnaturallyuseimperativeclausetoexpresstheirspeechroles However moodchoicesandspeechrolesdonotalwayscoincidewitheachother SpeechfunctionandmoodtypesSpeechfunctionMoodTypesStatementdeclarativeQuestionInterrogativeCommandImperativeOfferModulatedinterrogative indicativedeclarative togiveinformation yes noquestionmoodInterrogativeWH question todemandaresponseoranswertothequestionbyinterrogativemood Imperative whileofferforgoods services Interpersonalfunctiononmodalitysystem AccordingtoHalliday modalityisaformofparticipationbythespeakerinthespeechevent Itisbelievedthateachfiniteverbaloperatorhastwoforms whichcanbeeitherpositiveornegative Theintermediatedegreeswhichconstruestheregionofuncertaintythatliesbetween yes and no Throughmodality thespeakercanindicatehisorherstatusandvalidityinhisorherownjudgment heorsheintrudesandtakesupaposition Modalitythusderivesfromwhatwecallthe interpersonal functionofthemodalizationandmodulation Modalityisimportantinthatitshowsthespeaker sjudgmentoftheprobabilitiesortheobligationsinvolvedinwhatheissaying Modalitysystemspecifieswhetherthespeakerisindicatingprobability usuality obligationandinclination showsspeaker suncertainty modalization AccordingtoThompson modalitycanbeclassifiedintotwobasictypes modalizationandmodulation Ifthecommoditybeingexchangedisinformation themodalityrelatestohowvalidtheinformationisintermsofprobability suchaspossibly probablyandcertainly howlikelyitistobetrue orusuality suchassometimes usually always howfrequentlyitistrue Itisthespeaker sjudgmentofthelikelihoodoftheproposition Modalitycanbemainlyrealizedbydifferentmodalmeanssuchasmodaloperator modaladjunct modallexicalverb thecombinationofmodaladjunctandmodaloperator Amongthemanyvariantsofthedifferentmodaloperators Hallidayjustpickedoutsomemostfamiliarandfrequently usedonestodemonstratetheirvaluesinhigh median andlowscales ValuesofmodalOperatorsLowMedianHighPositivemaymightwillwouldmustoughttocancouldshallshouldneedhastoistoNegativedareneedn tis wastohas hadtodoesn twon tmustn toughtn ttoDidn tneedtowouldn tmayn tmightn thavetoshouldn tisn tcan tcouldn thadn tWasn tHasn t Hallidayholdsthatbothprobabilityandusualitycanbeexpressedinthesamethreeways a byafinitemodaloperatorintheverbalgroup e g will may can must would could ThatwillbeJohn b byamodaladjunctofprobabilityorusuality e g possible probable certain orsometimes That sprobablyJohn c usually always d bybothtogether E g Wesometimesbethewinner ThatwillprobablybeJohn modulation Ifthecommodityisgoods services themodalityrelatestohowconfidentthespeakercanbeintheeventualsuccessoftheexchange Itisthespeaker sjudgmentofthedesirabilityoftheproposition Incommands thisconcernsthedegreeofobligation suchasallowedto supposedto requiredto ontheotherpersontothedegreeofwillingnessorinclination suchaswillingto anxiousto determinedto ofthespeakertofulfilltheoffer Hallidayagainholdsthatbothobligationandinclinationcanbeexpressedineitheroftwoways a byafinitemodaloperator e g should must can need haveto b byanexpansionofthepredicatoras I typicallybyapassiveverb e g Allowed supposed required Youaresupposedtoknowthat And II typicallybyanadjective e g I manxioustoknowthat Typesofmodality GeoffThompson 1996 TypesofmodalityModalization information probability Thechildmightbehers Indicativetypeusuality Sheoftenwentthere Modulation goods services obligation Youshouldgonow Imperativetypeinclination I llgiveyouahand ExampleTommustbeinschool meanprobability realizemodalization Tommustgotoschool meanobligation realizemodulation Tomwillgotoschool meaninclination realizemodulation Tommaybeinschool meanusuality realizemodalization Degreesofmodality probabilityusualityobligationinclinationHighcertainalwaysrequireddeterminedMedianprobableusuallysupposedkeenLowpossiblesometimesallowedwillingE g Tommustwriteverylongsentences Tommaywriteverylongsentences Tommightwriteverylongsentences I msureTomwritesverylongsentences subjective Ithink supposeTomwritesverylongsentences subjective Iguess reckonTomwritesverylongsentences subjective Itiscertain probable possible objective InterpersonalFunctiononaddressterms Broadlyspeaking addresstermsincludevocatives directaddressesandcalls andaddressesforintroducingone sstatusandtitleindirectly Beingabletoshowthesocialrolesbetweenspeakerandhearer addresstermsarecloselyrelatedtointerpersonalfunctionoflanguage Addresstermsareacommonmeansforpeopletoidentifythemselveswithlanguage Differentaddresstermscanclearlyindicatedifferentrolesindifferentsituations Byemployingaddressterms thespeakeridentifiestheroleofhimaswellasrevealingtheirrelationship Thechoiceofaddresstermsisdecidedbythestatusofthespeakerinthespeechinteraction Throughthechoiceofaddressterms thespeakerrecognizeshisexistenceandthatofthehearers Appropriatechoiceofaddresstermscanshowthespeaker srespecttoclarifyhisownstandandhisattitudetowardshishearers Apurposefulchoiceofaddresstermsinaspecificcontextcanbeaclueforthestudyoftheattitudethespeakeradaptstothehearersandalsotherelationshipbetweenthem Itissubjecttovariousrestrictionsofcontextualfactors Aparticularformofaddresstermsmayindicatesolidarityorpower 请输入内容请输入内容请输入内容请输入内容请输入内容请输入内容请输入内容请输入内容 Comehere MissJane yournameisJane isitnot Yes sir JaneEyre CharlotteBronte JaneEyre addresstermsshowaddresser sfeelingsandattitude addresstermsisanimportantapproachtoharmonizeinterpersonalrelations AsceneonapublicstreetincontemporaryUS What syourname boy thepolicemanasked Dr Poussaint I maphysician What syourfirstname boy Alvin Ervin Tripp 1972 addresstermsmarktheintimacydegreebetweenthespeakersandthehearers Ann Idon tcareifitspilledornot Idon tcareifdrowninit Servant Mydear youareill IwillsendforDr Bonnachoven Ann Leaveme leaveme Servant It snervous Controlyourself Ann Ann Idon twantto Servant YourHighness IwillgetdoctorBonnachoven Americanfilm RomeHolidays addresstermsrevealthesocialstatusandrolerelationshipbetweenthespeakersandthehearers General YourRoyalHighness Twenty fourhours Theycan tallbeblank WhatexplanationamItooffertheirMajesties Ma am justasYourRoyalHighnesshasherduty Anne YourExcellency Itrustyouwillnotfinditnecessarytousethatwordagain Americanfilm RomeHolidays Addresstermsreflectagentivebehaviors shemethiseyesdirectly whatareyoutalkingabout Don tplaygames lady Thisisforreal hetookoutofafreshcigara