英语写作答案.doc

Contents (目录)整个课程分四个大章节，每章标题如下，后面是具体内容Unit 1: Paragraph and whole compositionUnit 2: Narration and argumentationUnit 3: Exposition and descriptionUnit 4: Practical writingsUnit 1: Paragraph and whole composition1. A paragraph is a division of writings expressing one central idea. It usually consists of several closely related sentences. It can also be called a unit of thought. It is a unit in itself and part of a la5ger whole.2. Paragraph is made up of a group of sentences which altogether express a controlling idea or central idea. It includes topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence. The paragraph is the basic unit of a composition.3.l It focuses on one major idea. This major idea is called the topic sentence. l It provides enough details to develop the idea. An effective paragraph does not waste the readers time. It doesnt start something without finishing it. It contains enough specific details to enable the reader to understand the writers point.l It is sensibly organized: An effective paragraph does not bore the reader. It is organized so the reader has no trouble following the writers progression of thoughtso the reader can see three parts in a paragraph1) the topic sentence; 2) supporting details, and 3) the concluding sentence. 4. A topic sentence is a brief statement of the subject of the paragraph. It is very important because it determines the content of the whole paragraph. Therefore, special attention should be paid to it.5. My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others.6.n There is much to say about the problem of unemployment.n It is a shame to waste time in college years.n One of his interests is to spend time in libraries.7.n A good topic sentence presents both a subject and an attitude toward that subject.n A topic sentence only states one fact or one opinion.n the topic should be neither too abstract nor too specific.n Furthermore it is better to be placed at the beginning of the paragraph.8.l Supporting details deal with different aspects of a topic sentence.l supporting details never say things that are irrelevant to the topic sentence.l supporting details should be developed naturally and logically from one to another.l each supporting detail should not be either too long or too short.9.The concluding sentence is the restatement of the topic sentence. It usually summarize the idea of the whole paragraph and to open doors to the next paragraph. Therefore, a concluding sentence of a paragraph is supposed to be the link between the two paragraphs. It may be absent in some paragraphs.10. 1) Most, if not all, compositions are made up of a beginning, a middle, and an end. 2) l The beginning ( the introduction) rouses the readers interest in and secures his attention to the subject matter of the essay or provides necessary background information. l The middle (the body) gives a clear and logical presentation of the facts and ideas the writer intends to put forth. l The end ( the conclusion ) winds up the essay often with an emphatic and forceful statement to influence the readers final impression of the essay and shows the implication or consequences of the argument.11. l A quotation l Figures or statisticsl A question or several questions.l The time and place of the event to be describedl Relevant background materiall An analogy l A definition Unit 2: Narration and argumentation1. 1. To narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events. In its broadest sense, narrative writing includes stories, real or imaginary, biographies, histories, news items, and narrative poems. Narration, in its broadest sense, is any account of an event or series of events. When it is defined simply, narration is the telling of a trued or imaginary story.2. Matter-of-fact Narration : It is an exact account of what happened. In this kind of account the facts are stated in chronological or time order. Narration with plot: this kind of narration is used to tell a story so it includes enough details for clearness and some description to make the story vivid. It often follows a chronological order with one action after another as it happened and developed in original experience.It mainly includes travel account (游记) , news （新闻）, biography （传记）, diary （日记）, essay （散文， 杂文）, anecdote （逸闻趣事）, adventurous personal experience （亲历的冒险事件）, historic events （史记）, epitaph （墓志铭）, 3. Purpose: when a writer begins to narrate, there must be a purpose in his mind for writing. He should choose enough details and design the plot of his narration carefully in order to let others to understand what he wants to express clearly. Organization: Events in a narration are usually related in the order in which they occur. That is to say, it is written in chronological order. But sometimes it is also possible to start from the middle or from the end of the narration with the event that is most important to arouse the interest of the reader and then go back t the beginning by using flashbacks. Generally, a narration is made up of three parts: a beginning, a middle part and an end. There is no need to make a concluding paragraph when the story is clearly told and comes to the end naturally. However, sometimes, it is necessary to add one or more paragraphs about the significance of the story or about what happens afterwards. Context: In narrative writing, it should be often made clearly at the beginning that “ when” “where” and “to whom” the action in the narration happened, which provides with a context,or circumstances to the reader so as to help him to understand the whole narration. Selection of details: In order to help the reader know what is happening, the writer should offer enough details. But, there should not be too many details. To highlight the development of narration, the useful and effective things are only relevant details or things that contribute to bring out the main ideas of the narration.4. An argument involves the process of establishing a claim and then proving it with the use of logical reasoning, examples, and research.5. n Titlen Introduction: Thesis statementn Body ParagraphsConstructing Topic SentencesBuilding Main PointsCountering the Oppositionn Conclusion6. n The most important sentence in your papern Lets the reader know the main idea of the papern Answers the question: “What am I trying to prove?”n Not a factual statement, but a claim that has to be proven throughout the paper7. n The thesis statement should guide your reader through your argument.n The thesis statement is generally located in the introduction of the paper.n A thesis statement may also be located within the body of the paper or in the conclusion, depending upon the purpose or argument of the paper.8. 参考范文 The Best Way to Stay HealthyAs the living standard improves more and more people are paying attention to their health conditions. Different people usually have different ways to stay healthy. In my opinion, the most important thing is to keep a healthy attitude toward life.It is true that physical factors affect ones health conditions a great deal, but at the same time, we should not neglect the mental factors. Many scientific researches have shown that anger, suspicion and envy do great harm to human bodies while being optimistic can cure some small diseases. We have also heard of many people who live much longer than doctors prediction after they have been diagnosed incurable diseases. That is, because they keep a good mood and struggle with the difficulties in life. Compared with those people who suffer serious physical pain, we healthy people are much more lucky and therefore have more reasons to maintain a healthy attitude to life no matter what kind of hardship life may give us.People use all kinds of methods to keep healthy because they want to live happily. Then in my point of view, there is no other way than keeping a healthy attitude toward life can make people happier or more healthy, both physically and mentally.9. 参考范文 Should Raising Pets be Banned?With the steady growth in the countrys economy as well as the peoples living standard, a great many city dwellers take up the hobby of keeping pets. To their mind, pets bring great happiness and fun to their life. In reality, pets have become a member of the pet owners family. However, recently this phenomenon has triggered a heated discussion as to whether city people should be allowed to raise pets. There are people on both sides of the argument who have very strong feelings. The pet lovers claim that raising a pet benefits us a lot. First of all, a pet is a faithful and obedient companion to its owner. Pets are affectionate and cute. Secondly, they possess the inborn ability to entertain people, providing a rich source of pleasure and fun. They help people rid their loneliness and ease the tense life pressure. Moreover, keeping a pet does good to childr5ens psychological development, because it teaches children how to care for others and how to appreciate life while helping them to cultivate a strong sense of responsibility. Pets also have some practical uses. They can be a loyal companion, a doorkeeper or a guide dog. In some special cases, pets even act as the protector and savior of the owner. In a word, there are many advantages to keeping a pet at home. On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly condemn this hobby. From their point of view, pets bring far more harm than good to us city dwellers. To begin with it is a costly and time-consuming hobby. You have to accommodate them, care for them and spend time with them. How can a bustling city person afford that? Moreover, it is very dirty. They litter everywhere and may carry some fatal viruses, which are great threats to human health. They even spread some infectious diseases to their owners and sometimes even those people around the. Last of all, they are troublemakers to the neighborhood. Some pet dogs or cats enjoybarking or miaowing at midnight, which is an irritating disturbance to the neighbors. Pets may sometimes attack neighbors and passers-by. On some occasions, they cause some damage to others property. On any accounts, they are unwelcome and troublesome. Just as the saying goes, “so many people, so many minds”, it is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person. As far as I am concerned, it is advisable not to keep a pet in a city,because this hobby brings us more drawbacks than merits.If there were too many pets running on the streets, baking at night, lettering everywhere better give up this hobby for the common good.Unit 3: Exposition and description1. Exposition means explaining or expounding something, the purpose of which is to inform or instruct, to make the reader understand what he reads. It is a kind of writing that is used often by a scientist, a specialist, a professional or a college student. In expository writing, the writer may present a concept, a process or a fact, and explain it by using the ways of listing the elements or steps, which make up the concept, the process or the fact. It deals with processes and relationships mainly.2.n Illustration by examplen Division and classification: The purpose of division is to divide a thing into parts and it is used to deal with one thing.n Classification is used to organize things sharing certain qualities and the purpose of which is to group these things systematically.n Comparison and contrast: a comparison means the way to explain how things are similar; but contrast explains how tings are different.n Cause and effect: it means a piece of expository writing which shows or explains the cause and effect of something.n Definition: it means the way that a writer uses when he wants to introduce to the reader a new and unfamiliar term or concept.3. Description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.4. 参考范文 My favorite Color.When referring to colors, we have certain aspects of them. For instance, red may stand for passion, white for peace and purity, black for mystery, and so on. As far as I am concerned, blue is my favorite color, and there are a brief story and reasons behind it. The story could be traced back to my childhood. At the age of 8, I received a gift from my dear grandparents who paid their first overseas visit to Japan. It was a blue Mickey Mouse watch. The watchband was made of leather dyed in navy blue, and the watchcase was also of navy stainless with inside a cute navy-uniformed Mickey Mouse whose hands pointed at the hours and minutes. At that time, about 22 years ago, this kind of watch was rare and Mickey Mouse seemed to me a fairytale which I could only imagine instead of possessing the real object; therefore, every time I put the watch on, I gained jealousy from my peer and classmate s. In other words, this behavior satisfied my childish vanity then. However, since it was a delicate and beautiful watch, I seldom put it on. On one rainy evening, my younger sister, Wen-fang, had a serious fever. Having decided to take her to see a doctor, my mother had my brother on her back, held my other 2 sisters hands and asked me to embrace my sick young sister, and we walked half an hour to the clinic. After coming home, I found my Mickey Mouse watch disappeared. I hurried to seek for my lost watch in the exact path that we walked through, but couldnt find it. I was quite sad about it, but fortunately, my sister soon recovered under the doctors treatment. Till now, I still remember that lost blue watch vividly and from then on, I made a special and favorable impression on blue.Moreover, it is magical that blue sky and blue sea have enchanting and amazing power over me. Whenever I am depressed, I especially enjoy looking up the blue sky and if it is allowed, I like going to see the deep blue oceans as well. Its a great relief to see the blue color, and it really soothes my nerves. Under this enormous blue vault, I, myself, and my depression are too tiny to be compared to it; the peaceful deep blue seas with the touchable melody of which the waves compose is the best cure for my unhappiness or sadness. To sum up, my definition of blue stands for relief and freedom of soul. Though some may consider blue is a sign of gloom, since I am an optimistic and independent person, when I am blue, I will tell myself to look on the bright side instead of including myself into being over sorrowful. I favor blue for its fine distinction and definition as mentioned above. Hence, I consider that no other colors are more suitable to me than blue. 5. 参考范文 The Pet I Kept Many people have an experience of raising a pet. They may have different feeling and sensations towards their pets. No matter how they feel, the same feeling of having a pet is love. People treat their pets with love and the pets also spend their whole lives companying with their masters. When we have pets, we have to take care and love them. Therefore, keeping a pet is not a tough work but as a good learning experience to learn how to be responsible and patient. I kept a dog as a pet when I was in elementary school. Its name was “little white” because it was white in color. I got the puppy from my classmate because there were too many dogs after his mother-dog reproduced. He wanted me to pick up one from 7 puppies. I choose “little white” because it has a pair of beautiful and bright eyes and a very cute face. I happily brought it home and cleaned it and fed with milk. From that moment, the puppy became one of my family members. Few months later, when it grew up, it became a big dog with a short month, sharp teeth, bright eyes, a small black nose, fox-like ears and a feather duster-like tail. It had bad temper and was interested in biting anything, especially people. I was been one of the victims. Although it got a terrible temper, it gave me the unforgettable and happy moments during my childhood.After possessing “little white”, I could have a little realization about how difficult of being parents. The puppy could have faces anywhere in the house and I got to clear them up. The defecation smelt bad and made me feel vomitive. Every time after I cleaned the feces, I shout to the puppy to release my bad emotion of cleaning the stink shit. Besides, I had to catch the fleas, which are too small to be caught on the puppy. Moreover, I had to clean the puppy regularly. The puppy was so hated to be scrub that it ran away when it heard “taking washing”. Therefore, every time I had to chase the dog on the street and catch it back and then tie it up and give a rinse. Thus, cleaning dog is not only a hard work but also an exhausted exercise. However, having a pet did not mean having a trouble. Sometimes, a pet can play an important role in our mental health. For example, when I was in bad mood, the puppy became my royal listener and stayed with me and never could not “complain” because it could not speak “human language” to grumble at me. When I was in good mood, I played with the dog and shared my happiness through having good time on the playground or giving some special abundant meals. On the contrary, the dog also had its own emotions and would have many special method of expressing its feeling. For instance, when “little white” was in good mood, it would ask me to play with it by “throwing” its “toys”, such as the fake bones or some clothes it liked to sleep with. Also, the “little white” had emotional reactions and would show its feeling on face. When the dog was happy, it would not