长恨歌翻译赏析(两版本对比).doc

长恨歌翻译赏析 杨宪益的与许渊冲版本对比 长恨歌是白居易感慨于唐玄宗与杨贵妃的旷世绝恋和安史之乱中的爱情悲剧而作的七言古体诗。全诗近千字，婉转起伏，荡气回肠。诗中佳句广为流传，如“在天愿作比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝”，“天长地久有时尽，此恨绵绵无绝期”等名句，更是脍炙人口。长恨歌的引文翻译，流传广泛的有杨宪益先生的“Song of Eternal Sorrow”和许渊冲先生的“The Everlasting Regret”两个版本。这两个版本各有千秋。杨宪益先生的翻译，接近直译，直接而完整地用英语再现了长恨歌。与此相比，许渊冲先生的版本则更注重语言习惯和文化语境。个人观点认为，许渊冲先生的“The Everlasting Regret”更具艺术性和美感，更加符合原诗的意境和文学效果。一、整体结构对比杨的版本将全诗翻译成208行，其中音节并不工整和押韵，注重意思的表达。许的版本，则完美地译成与原诗相同的120行，且按照aabb的形式押韵，保留了七言古诗的工整对仗和严谨结构，使译本也行文流水，朗朗上口。如下面一段中：The beauty-loving monarch longed year after year, To find a beautiful lady without peer. A maiden of the Yangs* to womanhood just grown,In inner chambers bred, to the world was unknown.结尾/r/ /n/押韵，朗读起来具有气势和美感。这样在表意清楚的同时，保留原文的艺术感，更为不易。根据严复翻译的标准“信、达、雅”，许的译本是“雅”的代表。在完全传达原诗思想的基础上，译文的风格和笔调与原诗保持一致，且流畅、美观、艺术。许先生的译本全诗押韵，使其和原诗一样如行云流水，朗朗上口。这一点上，比杨先生的译本要出色。二、文化语境的转换对比语言是文化的重要组成部分，于文华有着密不可分的联系。翻译不仅仅是不同语言间的转换，更是文化的转换。相比之下，许先生的译本则较好地实现了文化语境的转换。（一）题目翻译比较。原诗题目为“长恨歌”，歌的意思，并不是歌唱，而是吟咏、感叹。因此，直接与英语中的song对应，似乎不妥。长恨歌的主题是抒发长恨，重点不在歌，而在恨。许先生的译本译为“The Everlasting Regret”恰恰就突出了重点。比“Song of Eternal Sorrow”这样直译要贴近原文，表达明确。（二）文化背景转换。杨先生的译本中，许多句子都是直译。许先生的翻译则更加侧重语境的转换。“汉皇重色思倾国”中，汉皇并不是真正指汉皇，而是指代唐玄宗，为了避讳而不直写。杨先生的译本直接译为“The Han emperor”。这样直译，并没有体现出中国的文化语境特征，没有实现较好的文化转换。外国人读后，很难理解“The Han emperor”指的就是唐玄宗，容易造成混淆。许先生的译本译为“monarch”，虽然也没有清楚地说明指代唐玄宗，却不会造成读者困惑。（三）语言习惯转换。“回眸一笑百媚生”杨译为“Glancing back and smiling, she revealed a hundred charms.”原诗这句话，意在形容杨贵妃的神态极其娇媚，“百”并不是具体数目，而是中文的语言习惯。许的翻译为“Turning her head, she smiled so sweet and full of grace.”按照英语语言习惯转换，更符合翻译的规则。（四）意合与形合的转换。汉语的语法特征为意合，英语则为形合。“承欢侍宴无闲暇，春从春游夜专夜。”许的翻译为“In revels as in feasts she shared her lords delight, his companion on trips and his mistress at night.”运用下意词，添加“as”“his”，衔接通顺，完整而简洁地表达出原诗的意思。相比之下，杨的译本不免显得有些罗嗦。（五）原诗美感的保留。“在天愿作比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝”这句千古佳句，杨的翻译为“In heaven we shall he birds flying side by side. On earth flowering sprigs. On the same branch!”而许的翻译为“On high, wed be two lovebirds flying wing to wing; On earth, two trees with branches twined from spring to spring.”不难看出，许的翻译更为整齐，更具艺术性，不仅表达了原诗的意思，更保留了原诗的美感。类似的例子有很多，杨先生的译本表达具体，原汁原味，许先生的译本简洁明快，颇具美感。相比之下，个人认为许的译本传承了中国七言古诗工整的结构，优美的韵律，更表达了原诗的神韵。通过两个版本长恨歌的翻译的对比，个人认为，杨宪益先生的译文确实没有许渊冲先生的译文来的传神。许渊冲先生的译文将白居易诗歌的风格也融入了其中。长恨歌通俗易懂，婉转动人，大气磅礴。作者的风格是通俗易懂的，那么译文也要求通俗易懂。许渊冲先生的译本从形式，语言，结构，表达方面都与原诗风格相符，实为翻译中的佳篇。附件：长恨歌白居易 著汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得。杨家有女初长成，养在深闺人未识。天生丽质难自弃，一朝选在君王侧。回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。春寒赐浴华清池，温泉水滑洗凝脂。侍儿扶起娇无力，始是新承恩泽时。云鬓花颜金步摇，芙蓉帐暖度春宵。春宵苦短日高起，从此君王不早朝。承欢侍宴无闲暇，春从春游夜专夜。后宫佳丽三千人，三千宠爱在一身。金星妆成娇侍夜，玉楼宴罢醉和春。姊妹弟兄皆列士，可怜光彩生门户。遂令天下父母心，不重生男重生女。骊宫高处入青云，仙乐风飘处处闻。缓歌慢舞凝丝竹，尽日君王看不足。渔阳鼙鼓动地来，惊破霓裳羽衣曲。九重城阙烟尘生，千乘万骑西南行。翠华摇摇行复止，西出都门百馀里。六军不发无奈何，宛转蛾眉马前死。花钿委地无人收，翠翘金雀玉搔头。君王掩面救不得，回看血泪相和流。黄埃散漫风萧索，云栈萦纡登剑阁。峨嵋山下少人行，旌旗无光日色薄。蜀江水碧蜀山青，圣主朝朝暮暮情。行宫见月伤心色，夜雨闻铃肠断声。天旋地转回龙驭，到此踌躇不能去。马嵬坡下泥土中，不见玉颜空死处。君臣相顾尽沾衣，东望都门信马归。归来池苑皆依旧，太液芙蓉未央柳。芙蓉如面柳如眉，对此如何不泪垂！春风桃李花开日，秋雨梧桐叶落时。西宫南内多秋草，落叶满阶红不扫。梨园子弟白发新，椒房阿监青娥老。夕殿萤飞思悄然，孤灯挑尽未成眠。迟迟钟鼓初长夜，耿耿星河欲曙天。鸳鸯瓦冷霜华重，翡翠衾寒谁与共？悠悠生死别经年，魂魄不曾来入梦。临邛道士鸿都客，能以精诚致魂魄。为感君王辗转思，遂教方士殷勤觅。排空驭气奔如电，升天入地求之遍。上穷碧落下黄泉，两处茫茫皆不见。忽闻海上有仙山，山在虚无缥缈间。楼阁玲珑五云起，其中绰约多仙子。中有一人字太真，雪肤花貌参差是。金阙西厢叩玉扃，转教小玉报双成。闻道汉家天子使，九华帐里梦魂惊。揽衣推枕起徘徊，珠箔银屏迤逦开。云鬓半偏新睡觉，花冠不整下堂来。风吹仙袂飘飘举，犹似霓裳羽衣舞。玉容寂寞泪阑干，梨花一枝春带雨。含情凝睇谢君王，一别音容两渺茫。昭阳殿里恩爱绝，蓬莱宫中日月长。回头下望人寰处，不见长安见尘雾。唯将旧物表深情，钿合金钗寄将去。钗留一股合一扇，钗擘黄金合分钿。但教心似金钿坚，天上人间会相见。临别殷勤重寄词，词中有誓两心知。七月七日长生殿，夜半无人私语时。在天愿作比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。天长地久有时尽，此恨绵绵无绝期！ 译文一：杨宪益、戴乃迭译Song of Eternal SorrowAppreciating feminine charms,The Han emperor sought a great beauty.Throughout his empire he searchedFor many years without success.Then a daughter of the Yang familyMatured to womanhood.Since she was secluded in her chamber,None outside had seen her.Yet with such beauty bestowed by fate,How could she remain unknown?One day she was chosenTo attend the emperor.Glancing back and smiling,She revealed a hundred charms.All the powdered ladies of the six palacesAt once seemed dull and colourless.One cold spring day she was orderedTo bathe in the Huaqing Palace baths.The warm water slipped downHer glistening jade-like body.When her maids helped her rise,She looked so frail and lovely,At once she won the emperors favour.Her hair like a cloud,Her face like a flower,A gold hair-pin adorning her tresses.Behind the warm lotus-flower curtain,They took their pleasure in the spring night.Regretting only the spring nights were too short;Rising only when the sun was high;He stopped attending court sessionsIn the early morning.Constantly she amused and feasted with him,Accompanying him on his spring outings,Spending all the nights with him.Though many beauties were in the palace,More than three thousand of them,All his favours were centred on her.Finishing her coiffure in the gilded chamber,Charming, she accompanied him at night.Feasting together in the marble pavilion,Inebriated in the spring.All her sisters and brothersBecame nobles with fiefs.How wonderful to have so much splendourCentred in one family!All parents wished for daughtersInstead of sons!The Li Mountain lofty pleasure palaceReached to the blue sky.The sounds of heavenly music were carriedBy the wind far and wide.Gentle melodies and graceful dancesMingled with the strings and flutes;The emperor never tired of these.Then battle drums shook the earth,The alarm sounding from Yuyang.The Rainbow and Feather Garments DanceWas stopped by sounds of war.Dust filled the high-towered capital.As thousands of carriages and horsemenFled to the southwest.The emperors green-canopied carriageWas forced to halt,Having left the west city gateMore than a hundred li.There was nothing the emperor could do,At the armys refusal to proceed.So she with the moth-like eyebrowsWas killed before his horses.Her floral-patterned gilded boxFell to the ground, abandoned and unwanted,Like her jade hair-pinWith the gold sparrow and green feathers.Covering his face with his hands,He could not save her.Turning back to look at her,His tears mingled with her blood.Yellow dust filled the sky;The wind was cold and shrill.Ascending high winding mountain paths,They reached the Sword Pass,At the foot of the Emei Mountains.Few came that way.Their banners seemed less resplendent;Even the sun seemed dim.Though the rivers were deep blue,And the Sichuan mountains green,Night and day the emperor mourned.In his refuge when he saw the moon,Even it seemed sad and wan.On rainy nights, the sound of bellsSeemed broken-hearted.Fortunes changed, the emperor was restored.His dragon-carriage started back.Reaching the place where she died,He lingered, reluctant to leave.In the earth and dust of Mawei Slope,No lady with the jade-like face was found.The spot was desolate.Emperor and servants exchanged looks,Their clothes stained with tears.Turning eastwards towards the capital,They led their horses slowly back.The palace was unchanged on his return,With lotus blooming in the Taiye PoolAnd willows in the Weiyang Palace.The lotus flowers were like her face;The willows like her eyebrows.How could he refrain from tearsAt their sight?The spring wind returned at night;The peach and plum trees blossomed again.Plane leaves fell in the autumn rains.Weeds choked the emperors west palace;Piles of red leaves on the unswept steps.The hair of the young musicians of the Pear GardenTurned to grey.The green-clad maids of the spiced chambersWere growing old.At night when glow-worms flitted in the pavilionHe thought of her in silence.The lonely lamp was nearly extinguished,Yet still he could not sleep.The slow sound of hells and drumsWas heard in the long night.The Milky Way glimmered bright.With lotus blooming in the Taiye PoolAnd willows in the Weiyang Palace.The lotus flowers were like her face;The willows like her eyebrows.How could he refrain from tearsAt their sight?The spring wind returned at night;The peach and plum trees blossomed again.Plane leaves fell in the autumn rains.Weeds choked the emperors west palace;Piles of red leaves on the unswept steps.The hair of the young musicians of the Pear GardenTurned to grey.The green-clad maids of the spiced chambersWere growing old.At night when glow-worms flitted in the pavilionHe thought of her in silence.The lonely lamp was nearly extinguished,Yet still he could not sleep.The slow sound of hells and drumsWas heard in the long night.The Milky Way glimmered bright.Of the gilded palaces west chamber,A fairy maid, Xiaoyu, answered,Reporting to another, Shuangcheng.On hearing of the messengerFrom the Han emperor,She was startled from her sleepBehind the gorgeous curtain.Dressing, she drew it back,Rising hesitantly.The pearl curtains and silver screensOpened in succession.Her cloudy tresses were awry,Just summoned from her sleep.Without arranging her flower headdress,She entered the hall.The wind blew her fairy skirt,Lifting it, as if she still dancedThe Rainbow and Feather Garments Dance.But her pale face was sad,Tears filled her eyes,Like a blossoming pear tree in spring,With rain drops on its petals.Controlling her feelings and looking away,She thanked the emperor.Since their parting she had not heardHis voice nor seen his face.While she had been his first lady,Their love had been ruptured.Many years had passedOn Penglai fairy isle.Turning her head,She gazed down on the mortal world.Changan could not be seen,Only mist and dust.She presented old mementosTo express her deep feeling.Asking the messenger to takeThe jewel box and the golden pin.“Ill keep one half of the pin and box;Breaking the golden pinAnd keeping the jewel lid.As long as our love lastsLike jewels and gold,We may meet againIn heaven or on earth.”Before they partedShe again sent this message,Containing a pledgeOnly she and the emperor knew.In the Palace of Eternal YouthOn the seventh of the seventh moon,Alone they had whisperedTo each other at midnight:“In heaven we shall he birdsFlying side by side.On earth flowering sprigsOn the same branch!”Heaven and earth may not last for ever,But this sorrow was eternal.译文二：许渊冲译THE EVERLASTING REGRETThe beauty-loving monarch longed year after yearTo find a beautiful lady without peer.A maiden of the Yangs* to womanhood just grown,In inner chambers bred, to the world was unknown.Endowed with natural beauty too hard to hide,One day she stood selected for the monarchs side.Turning her head, she smiled so sweet and full of graceThat she outshone in six palaces the fairest face.She bathed in glassy water of warm-fountain pool,Which laved and smoothed her creamy skin when spring was cool.Upborne by her attendants, she rose too faint to move,And this was when she first received the monarchs love.Flowerlike face and cloudlike hair, golden-headdressed,In lotus-flower curtain she spent the night blessed.She slept till sun rose high, for the blessed night was short,From then on the monarch held no longer morning court.In revels as in feasts she shared her lords delight,His companion on trips and his mistress at night.In inner palace dwelt three thousand ladies fair;On her alone was lavished royal love and care.Her beauty served the night when dressed in Golden BowerOr drunk with wine and spring at banquet in Jade Tower.All her sisters and brothers received rank and fiefAnd honours showered on her household, to the griefOf the fathers and mothers whod rather give birthTo a fair maiden than any son on earth.The lofty palace towered high into blue cloud,With wind-borne music so divine the air was loud.Seeing slow dance and hearing fluted or stringed song,The emperor was never tired the whole day long.But rebels* beat their war drums, making the earth quakeAnd “Song of Rainbow Skirt and Coat of Feathers” break.A cloud of dust was raised oer city walls nine-fold;Thousands of chariots and horsemen southwestward rolled.Imperial flags moved slowly now and halted then,And thirty miles from Western Gate they stopped again.Six armies would not march - what could be done? - with speedUntil the Lady Yang was killed before the steed.None would pick up her hairpin fallen to the groundOr golden bird and comb with which her head was crowned.The monarch could not save her and hid his face in fear;Turning his head, he saw her blood mix with his tear.The yellow dust spread wide, the wind blew desolate;A serpentine plank path led to cloud-capped Sword Gate.Below the Eyebrow Mountains wayfarers were few;In fading sunlight royal standards lost their hue.On western waters blue and western mountains greenThe monarchs heart was daily gnawed by sorrow keen.The moon viewed from his tent shed a soul-searing light,The bells heard in night rain made a heart-rending sound.Suddenly turned the tide. Returning from his flight,The monarch could not tear himself away from the groundWhere mid the clods beneath the slope he couldnt forgetThe fair-faced Lady Yang, who was unfairly slain.He looked at ministers, with tears his robe was wet;They rode east to the capital, but with loose rein.Back, he found her pond and garden in the old place,With lotus in the lake and willows by the hall.Willow leaves like her brows and lotus like her face;At the sight of all these, how could his tears not fallOr when in vernal breeze were peach and plum full-blownOr when in autumn rain parasol leaves were shed?In western as in southern court was grass oergrown;With fallen leaves unswept the marble steps turned red.Actors, although still young, began to have hair grey;Eunuchs and waiting maids looked old in palace deep.Fireflies flitting the hall, mutely he pined away;The lonely lampwick burned out; still he could not sleep.Slowly beat drums and rang bells; night began to grow long;Bright shone the Milky Way; daybreak seemed to come late.The lovebird tiles grew chilly with hoar frost so strong,And his kingfisher quilt was cold, not shared by a mate.One long, long year the dead and the living were parted;Her soul came not in dreams to see the brokenhearted.A Taoist sorcerer came to the palace door,Skilled to summon the spirit from the other shore.Moved by the monarchs yearning for the departed fair,He was ordered to seek for her everywhere.Borne on the air, like flash of lightning he flew;In heaven and on earth he searched through and through.Up to the azure vault and down to deepest place,Nor above nor below could he eer find her trace.He learned that on the sea were fairy mountains proudThat now appeared, now disappeared amid the cloudOf rainbow colours where rose magnificent bowersAnd dwelt so many fairies as graceful as flowers.Among them was a queen whose name was Ever True;Her snow-white skin and sweet face might afford a clue.Knocking at western gate of palace hall, he bade