中医护理.doc

中医学复习1.简述宗气的形成及功用。答：宗气由肺吸入的清气和脾运化的水谷精气结合而成。 功用：助肺呼吸与语音的高低、呼吸的强调有关，推动血液循环与心搏的强弱及节律、血液的运行有关。2.中医护理的基本特点？何为辩证施护?答：整体护理和辩证施护辨证，就是将四诊(望、闻、问、切)所收集的资料、症状和体征，通过分析辨清病因、病位、病性及邪正关系，概括判断为何病、何证。施护，则是根据辨 证的结果确定相应的护理方法。辨证是决定护理的前提和依据，施护是护理疾病的手段和方法。通过施护的效果可以检验辨证的正确与否。3. 六腑指哪些？答：六腑指胆、胃、小肠、大肠、膀胱、三焦4. 治法分哪八法？答：汗法、吐法、下法、和法、温法、清法、消法、补法5.解表类药的服法与护理？答：应温服，服药后卧床覆被进热饮，已达发汗驱邪目的。患者避风寒，禁冷敷。应慎用西药，以防出汗过多。饮食宜清淡，忌酸性，生冷类食品。六、问答题（每小题6分，共30分）1.风温病邪犯肺卫证的辨证施护要点有哪些？.答：辛凉解表剂煎煮时间不宜过长，一般煮沸后再煎五分钟即可，稍凉后饮服药后以汗出脉静为佳，若汗出过多，需更换衣服，切勿受凉，以防复感。若汗出热不降，且继续增高，有病邪传入气分的可能，应密切观察有高热而伴有恶寒者，不宜用冷敷降温，避免邪气内闭，由卫入气。2.试述胃痛病人的饮食护理。答：按时进食，勿过饥过饱或过冷过热痛剧或兼呕吐时，应暂禁食痛缓后逐渐进半流饮食，少食多餐忌烟酒、辛辣、油腻、生冷硬固食物。3.临床护理中，疼痛的鉴别有重要意义，试述胀痛、刺痛和隐痛的临床特点及其成因。答：临床疼痛常见胀痛、刺痛和隐痛三种胀痛的特点是胀重痛轻，部位不定，嗳气或矢气后减轻，多由气滞所致刺痛的特点是疼如针刺，部位固定，拒按，多由瘀血所致隐痛的特点是疼痛不剧，但绵绵不休，多是气血不足，阴寒内生、气血运行滞涩所致。 4.试述哮喘的病因病机中，痰气交阻的成因和引起发病的机理。答：哮喘的病因病机中，痰气交阻的成因主要是由于饮食所伤脾失健运痰湿内蕴而致痰湿内蕴，使肺的气机不利，升多降少痰气交阻肺气上逆而形成哮喘。5.阐述饮食护理的基本要求。答：饮食适量，过饥过饱均可导致疾病软硬、冷暖相宜饮食清洁定时进餐因证制宜，根据病人的体质、证候性质，有针对性地指导用食。三、问答题（每小题9分，共36分）1、中医护理的基本特点？何为辩证施护？ 答：整体护理和辩证施护辨证，就是将四诊(望、闻、问、切)所收集的资料、症状和体征，通过分析辨清病因、病位、病性及邪正关系，概括判断为何病、何证。施护，则是根据辨 证的结果确定相应的护理方法。辨证是决定护理的前提和依据，施护是护理疾病的手段和方法。通过施护的效果可以检验辨证的正确与否。2、六腑指哪些？ 答：六腑指胆、胃、小肠、大肠、膀胱、三焦3、治法分哪八法？ 答：汗法、吐法、下法、和法、温法、清法、消法、补法4、情志护理的基本方法以及情志的自我调护有哪些？答：基本方法：关心体贴；言语开导；移情易性；情志相胜；顺情解郁。自我调护：清净养神；养性修身；怡情快志；平和七情。四病例分析：（20分）患者，男，54岁，眩晕耳鸣一周余，伴头胀痛，急躁易怒，少寐多梦，遇劳累或恼怒时，则头晕头痛加剧，舌质红，苔黄，脉弦。解题要求：中医诊断（病名，证型），护理。病例分析：眩晕，肝阳上亢护理：1。严密观察病情变化，多巡视，定时测量血压。如发现肢麻，持物不稳，口眼歪斜，语言不利等中风先兆时，应立即让其卧床休息，报告医生进行处理。2加强情志护理，要耐心劝慰病人，勿急躁，心情舒畅，使肝气条达。3病室凉爽通风，空气新鲜，保证充足的休息，避免烦劳太过。4饮食宜清淡，多食新鲜蔬菜水果，食物以平肝熄风，滋阴潜阳为主，食疗方可用鲜芹菜汁，海带决明子煎剂等。忌食肥甘厚味及动风之品，戒烟酒及辛辣助火刺激食物。 5针刺风池，太冲，合谷，三阴交，肝俞，肾俞等穴。外护一 BCAAA CEEBD CABDE BCEBD BEEBA ECBDE ECBBC BDAAD CBCEE BCBED EBEBC EBBBD CDEBD AACCC DBCCE DDCDE BCCEA AAACC CBEED AABDC 外护二1-10 CCEBB CCDCB 11-20 DDBEA AACEE 21-30 CECCB CDCDB 31-40 BDBEE BBDDD 41-50 AADAC CDEAC 51-60 BECEB EBCBD 61-70 DCBEA BADBC 71-80 CDDCC ADBBC 81-90 ECADE CDDBA 91-100 CBEEA CCCCE1、PDCA循环：按照计划、执行、检查、行动的顺序进行质量管理，并且循环不止地进行下去的科学程序。2、护理事故：是指医疗机构及其医务人员在医疗活动中，违反医疗卫生管理法律、行政法规、部门规章和诊疗护理规范、常规，过失造成患者人身损害的事故。3、预先控制：在系统运行的输入阶段进行的控制。4、激励：调动护士的工作积极性，以提高其工作绩效。5、目标管理：为提高效率而进行的系统化的目标设定过程，是对下属实现特定组织目标、执行运营预算的能力进行评估的系统。二、填空（每空1分，共15分）1、当前，我国护理管理体系是护理部主任、_科护士长_、护士长三级负责制，或_总护士长_、护士长二级负责制。 2、管理方格法，主要从两个维度研究领导方式问题，这两个研究维度是_关心人_和_关心生产_. 3、冲突的五个阶段：_潜在对立阶段_、_认知阶段_、_个人介入阶段_、_行为阶段_和_结果阶段_.4、护理管理要素包括：人、财、物、_时间_和_信息_.5、质量管理的分类有_要素质量管理_、_环节质量管理_和终末质量管理。6、对护理人员的培养和教育可分为三个阶段：新护士上岗前培训、_在职培训_和_脱产培训_.1、护士长的管理艺术有哪些？决策艺术,指挥艺术,交谈艺术,协调人际关系的艺术,激励艺术。2、简述医院的基本功能。 医疗，教学，科学研究，预防和社区卫生服务3、简述护理人员的排班原则。满足需求，结构合理，效率，公平，按职上岗原则。4、什么是权力性影响力与非权力性影响力？其影响因素有哪些？权力性影响力：领导者运用上级授予的权力强制下属服从的一种能力，因素有职位、传统、资历因素。非权力性影响力：由领导者自身素质和现实行为形成的自然性影响力，因素有品格、能力、知识、感情因素。5、简述新业务、新技术的管理措施。以病人为中心，护理部成立管理小组并组织学习，建立资料情报档案，院内新业务经鉴定后开展，作好效果评价。五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分） 1、论述管理学的人本原理及其在护理中的应用含义：管理作为一种社会活动，其主体和客体都是人，人是管理过程的关键和根本。应用：1加强护理文化建设，充分发挥护理人员主观能动性，让其在良好护理文化氛围中感受更多的人本关怀。2能及原则，掌握下属能力结构和特长，进行职位分析，匹配岗位并动态变化调整，承担不同责任并赋予相应权利和利益。3动力原则，分析不同人员行为基础和工作动机，了解下属个人职业发展需求。2、在临床护理工作中，如何应用非正式组织的特点、作用搞好护理管理？其功能在于满足个人需求，有较强的内聚力和行为一致性，成员间自觉进行互相帮助，有一定行为规范控制成员活动，有不成文的奖惩办法。在工作中不应忽视其作用，尽可能使其同正式组织协调起来，互相补充，诱导、支持、发挥其积极作用。BCACA,ACDDA,ACCBB,CBCCDEBDED,ABBDC,ACCAD,AACAE,CADBC,CBACC,CDDEA,DDEDA,BBDAA,EDCBD,EA英语1的作文Pressure in lifePressure seems to be a natural part in our daily life in this competitive society. Like it or not there is always pressure of one kind or another. And it seems there is hardly any way to avoid it or get rid of it. Moreover, as the pace of modern life continues to quicken, pressure seems to be on the increase all the time. Different people have different ideas about pressure. Some hold that pressure is something very vicious. If there is too much of it, it will lead to the decline of ones physical and mental health. So they are always complaining about it or trying to flee from it. They think, only relaxation, the opposite of pressure, is what we should desire. Others on the other hand, argue that pressure is not as bad as is often thought. In fact a certain amount of pressure is essential to provide motivation and meaning to our life. It is pressure that propels our progress and contributes to our success. Personally, Im in favor of the latter idea. I believe that a little pressure is certainly an important incentive in life. It is only when the pressure gets out of control can it lead to poor performance and bad health. Since it is impossible to avoid pressure, certainly there is no sense trying to do so or complaining about it.英语2的作文To Be Busy Or To Be IdleDifferent people have different ways of their life. Most of people like their life to be busy. In contrast, others want to be idle. Especially for the young people who believed their parents can provide all the things to them. Those who hold the first opinion suggest that as a human must keep in busy in order to improve their life quality. There is no person you can dependent in the world. You must know how to live in the world. There are many new things to learn. Every person should absorb all kinds of knowledge. However, the objectors think that they are too young to do something. They have no ability to do anything. As to me, I prefer keep myself to be busy than to be idle. On the one hand, as a result of we become adult we must face the stress of our life. On the other hand, everything could have made if we work hard, we must take our effort to improve the interesting of life. In a word, keeping being busy is a wise choice.41.Though he wasnt well educated, his sense guided him through life.A.common B.usual C.general D.ordinary42.The police found that days of investigation threw no on the mysterious case.A.solution B.clue C.indication D.light43.On their birthday, each close of the old mans received a gift form him.A.connection B.tie C.relation D.relationship 44.She considered the managers order to search her body a(n) and burst into tears.A.blow B.insult C.bitterness D.annoyance45.Philips important information about atomic fission from the Library of Congress.A.possessed B.exchanged C.obtained D.maintained46.The man who tailed me all the way from my office to home to be a special agent.A.turned out B.turned up C.turned in D.turned away47.He was under the that he could manage to finish the task without the help of others.A.illusion B.allusion C.image D.nightmare48.During the interview, his humorous remarks the tension in the room.A.released B.removed C.rejected D.relieved49.They in going out shopping and dining as planned in spite of the heavy rain.A.insisted B.persisted C.existed D.consisted50.We held a welcome party in honor of the visiting schoar last night.A.respecting B.respectful C.respectable D.respective51.As usual,hotel accommodation is during the Olympic Games. A.rare B.scare C.scarce D.readily52. He dose hope to spend years his skills as a surgeon in the medical college and apply for a position in a good hospital. A.requiring B.inquiring C.acquiring D.acquainting53 .When business is ,there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment. A.degraded B.depressed C.reduced D.lessened54. It is well known that a good dictionary is to learning a foreign language. A.indispensable B.incredible C.incurable D.indestructible55. The concerning government officials have reached the common sense that more money for better education and job training is to competitiveness. A.adaptable B.applicable C.crucial D.credible56. A great fire broke out last night in that building.One person died,and fortunately,all the others . A.surveyed B survived C remained D endured 57. You must bear it in your mind that this ticket doesnt you take advantage of the privilege to seat yourself in the front row . A attach.to B object.to C entitle.to D stick.to58. What medicine did the doctor for your illness? A describe B transcribe C prescribe D subscribe 59. A big decline in exports has on the countrys economy ,so the government has taken some measures to stimulate domestic demands . A influenced B imposed C infected D impacted 60. Having made a careful investigation, the merchant found the fast-food business_ competitive,so he decided to invest in other businesses. A densely B intensively C intensely D tensely 44.She considered the managers order to search her body a(n) and burst into tears.A.blow B.insult C.bitterness D.annoyance51.Scientifically speaking, television is the and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.A.delivery B.transfer C.transmission D.transportation52.If you want to be left alone in a party, the best thing to be is to keep a from others.A.boundary B.distance C.scope D.range53.Many workers,either skilled or unskilled, lost their jobs during the business .A.decrease B.despair C.depression D