英语翻译简答技巧.doc

本文档系作者精心整理编辑，实用价值高。一倒装1当“only状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion只有当你获得足够的数据时，你才能得出正确的结论。Only in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。其他如：only then， only once， only in AmericaChina， only after the accident等。真题重现【CET6：20076】Only in the small town_（他才感到安全和放松）参考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed2never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有：never， seldom， rarely， little， hardly， scarcely， not until， by no means， under no circumstances， under no condition， in no way（决不）， in no case（决不）， neither （nor）， no sooner（than）， hardly（when）， barely（仅仅，几乎不）， on no account， in no circumstances（决不）， not a bit， nowhere， not onlybut also等。Not only was Churchill a statesman， but also a poet 丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，还是一位诗人。Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense 我从未听到过这种胡说！真题重现【CET6：200712】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_（他都不应该对法庭说谎）参考答案：should he lie to the court【CET6：20071】 _（直到截止日他才寄出） his application form参考答案Not until the deadline did he send （out）3the more， the more结构中的倒装。【CET4：20066】90 The more you explain， _（我愈糊涂）参考答案：the more confused I am二强调句1It is/was 被强调部分that/who对于这个结构，需要注意以下几点：强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外，没有其他形式的变化；被强调部分如果是人，可以用who， 也可以用that，其他情况用that（常识性知识，一般不能作为考点）。在notuntil句型里，如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时，not须跟在until之前，即构成It is not untilthat结构。It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation她不知道如何应对这种严重情况是因为她太缺乏经验了。It is because the water had risen that they could not cross the river正是因为水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。注：强调的如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since， as或why引导。It was not until the second year that he has adapted himself to the college life直到第二年他才适应了大学生活。真题重现【CET6：20071】 _（直到截止日他才寄出） his application form参考答案：It was not until the deadline that he sent （out）非谓语动词非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。 非谓语动词的考点主要有：1英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语attempt企图mean意欲，打算determine决定pretend假装 decide决定hesitate犹豫 hope希望 intend想要 refuse拒绝decide决定等真题重现【CET-4：2007.6】Because of the leg injury, the athlete_ (决定退出比赛).参考答案：decided to quit the match.【CET-6：2007.12】The Foreign Minister said he was resigning, _.(但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因)参考答案：while he refused to further explain why./while he refused to make further explanation for doing so.2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式enable使能够ask要求，邀请 allow允许 force强迫 press迫使 inspire鼓舞 request请求 help帮助 invite吸引，邀请encourage鼓励 等真题重现【CET-4：2006.12】Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to _(适应不同文化中的生活)参考答案：adapt oneself to life in different cultures.【CET-6：2007.1】After the terrorist attack, tourists _（被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）.参考答案：were advised/suggested not to go to that country as their tourism destination for the present.3)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语dislike不喜欢，讨厌appreciate 感激，欣赏avoid避免 enjoy享有，喜爱cant help不禁 escape逃跑，逃避cant stand受不了 deny否认 mind 介意 finish完成，结束不得 postpone延迟，延期hate讨厌等I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。2非谓语动词中的有关句型（1）动名词作主语的句型1) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.)等名词+doing sth.It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football打篮球很有趣。2)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sthIt is good Playing chess after supper晚饭后弈棋挺好。形容词翻译英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处，翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句1. These goods are in short supply.这些货物供应不足。2. This equation is far from being complicated.这个方程一定也不复杂。二、为了使译文自然流畅，读起来顺口，在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.这是我度过最愉快的一天。2. It is easy to compress a gas.气体很容易压缩。三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构1. She spoke in a high voice.她讲话声音很尖。成人英语三级考试网2. This engine develops a high torque.这台发动机产生的转矩很大。四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰，英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序1. a large brick conference hall一个用砖砌的大会议厅2. a plastic garden chair一把在花园里用的塑料椅子五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时，翻译时可将形容词译成动词1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。3. He is truly sorry for his past， and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever.他诚恳地忏悔过去，并保证永远不再玩汽车。六、由于语言习惯不同，英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family.他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。3.Another war will be the absolute end of our country.再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。从以上几个方面可以看出，译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。翻译题型必背句型1. All that is needed is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.2. After being interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test.3. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.4. They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.5. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, which, of course, made the others jealous.6. No matter how frequently performed, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.7. Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests.8. The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.9. Your hair wants cutting,. Youd better have it done tomorrow.10.Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.11.Homework done on time will lead to better grades.12.Had it not been for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.13.Realizing that he hadnt enough money and not wanting to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.14.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected now.15.Published as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.16.I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.17.Believing the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.18.As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.19.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys being encouraged to go to school.20.You see the lightning the instant it happens, but you hear the thunder later.21.Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.22.If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.23.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least.24.All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.25.A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, the results of which were surprising.26.The girls being educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.27.All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.28.While orbiting the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth.29.The computer has brought about surprising technological changes in the way we organize and produce information.30.The house was very quiet, isolated as it was on the side of a mountain.31.I dont mind your delaying making the decision as long as it is not too late.32.Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it being cultivated in Cuba.33.We agreed to accept whoever they thought was the best tourist guide.34.Having been judged the best in a recent science competition, the three students