2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案合集

2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案合集目录2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（1）12020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（2）92020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（3）192020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（4）302020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（5）402020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（1） Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation,migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside migrating to the New World was simply a natural spillover. Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English &mdash they would rather have stayed home &mdash by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly,Bailyn holds that,contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks,there was never a typical New World community. For example,the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.Bailyns third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants:one group came as indentured servants,another came to acquire land. Surprisingly,Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At first,thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited by the 1730s,however,American employers demanded skilled artisans.Finally,Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery,as Bailyn does,devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true,as Bailyn claims,that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England,where the settlers created effective laws,built a distinguished university,and published books? Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However,the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture.Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution,he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began,among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North America is supported by information in the text?A A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land.B Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.C Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the seventeenth century.D By the 1730s,migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers.The author of the text states that Bailyn failed toA give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the colonies and England.B describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.C take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to acquire land.D relate the experience of the migrants to the political values that eventually shaped the character of the United States.Which of the following best summarizes the authors evaluation of Bailyns fourth proposition?A It is totally implausible.B It is partially acceptable.C It is highly admirable.D It is controversial though persuasive.According to the text,Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?A High culture in New England never equaled the high culture of England.B The cultural achievements of colonial New England have generally been unrecognized by historians.C The colonists imitated the high culture of England， and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.D The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England.The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about Bailyns work?A Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture.B Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain.C Bailyns desciption of the colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.D Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group of migrants to colonial North America.答案与考点解析答案D考点解析这是一道审题定位题。题干中的“migrants”一词暗示本题的答案信息在第一段或第三段，因为这两段的首句都含有“migrants”一词。又根据题干中的“supported”一词，我们可以推断出本题的答案信息来源应该在原文的第三段，因为作者应该在第三段提出相应证据来“支持”(supported)自己的观点。过仔细阅读和理解第三段，尤其是第三段的尾句，我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D.考生在解题时一定要有审题定位的能力，更要具备善于理解原文中启承转合所传达的含义。答案D考点解析这是一道细节理解题。题干中的“failed”一词暗示本题的答案信息应该在尾段，因为尾段中含有“fails”一词。根据阅读和理解首段尾句，我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是D.考生在解题时一定要善于理解原文中所传达的中心含义。答案B考点解析本题是一道归纳推导题。本题题干中的“Bailyns fourth proposition”将本题的答案信息来源确定在原文的第四段。过仔细阅读和理解本段的每一句话，尤其是第二、三句话和四、五句话，我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是B.考生在解题时一定要善于归纳和推导原文的内容，更要善于体会上下句之间的语意关系。答案A考点解析这是一道细节推导题。题干中的“culture”一词暗示本题的答案信息来源在第四段，因为第四段首句包含“culture”一词。过仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话，尤其是第四句，我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是A.考生在解题时一定要注意原文中重点词语所表达的含义，以及重点词语在选项中的替换形式。答案A考点解析这是一道审题定位题。题干并没有明确指出本题答案信息在原文中的准确位置。在这种情况下，考生一定要抓住全文的中心主旨，以及每段的重要句。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句，这是一个由转折词“however”引导的句子。过仔细阅读理解本句，我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是A.考生在解题时一定要重视原文中表达启承转合的词语，因为这往往是出题的重点。2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（2） As Gilbert White，Darwin， and others observed long ago， all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different population makes this task more difficult： some populations remain roughly constant from year to year others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity still others vary wildly， with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather， and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns， one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have density-dependent growth parameters that is， rates of birth， death， and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have density-independent growth parameters， with vital rates buffeted by environmental events these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.This dichotomy has its uses， but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing， no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth， death， and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages， if there were no density-dependent effects， the population would， in the long run， either increase or decrease without bound (barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly)。 Put another way， it may be that on average 99 percent of all deaths in a population arise from density-independent causes， and only one percent from factors varying with density. The factors making up the one percent may seem unimportant， and their cause may be correspondingly hard to determine. Yet， whether recognized or not， they will usually determine the long-term average population density.In order to understand the nature of the ecologists investigation， we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the signal ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret， one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones， while the density-independent effects act to produce noise in the population dynamics. For populations that remain relatively constant， or that oscillate around repeated cycles， the signal can be fairly easily characterized and its effects described， even though the causative biological mechanism may remain unknown. For irregularly fluctuating populations， we are likely to have too few observations to have any hope of extracting the signal from the overwhelming noise. But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixture of density-dependent and density-independent effects in varying proportions.1.The author of the text is primarily concerned withA discussing two categories of factors that control population growth and assessing their relative importance.B describing how growth rates in natural populations fluctuate over time and explaining why these changes occur.C proposing a hypothesis concerning population size and suggesting ways to test it.D posing a fundamental question about environmental factors in population growth and presenting some currently accepted answer.2.It can be inferred from the text that the author considers the dichotomy discussed to beA applicable only to erratically fluctuating populations.B instrumental， but only if its limitations are recognized.C dangerously misleading in most circumstances.D a complete and sufficient way to account for observed phenomena.3.According to the text， all of the following behaviors have been exhibited by different populations EXCEPTA roughly constant population levels from year to year.B regular cycles of increases and decreases in numbers.C erratic increases in numbers correlated with the weather.D unchecked increases in numbers over many generations.4.The discussion concerning population in the third paragraph serves primarily toA demonstrate the difficulties ecologists face in studying density-dependent factors limiting population growth.B advocate more rigorous study of density-dependent factors in population growth.C prove that the death rates of any population are never entirely density-independent.D underline the importance of even small density-dependent factors in regulating long-term population densities.5. In the text， the author does all of the following EXCEPTA cite the views of other biologists.B define a basic problem that the text addresses.C present conceptual categories used by other biologists.D describe the results of a particular study.考点解析1.答案A考点解析这是一道中心主旨题。本文的中心主旨句在第三段的首句。如果考生能够抓住第三段的首句就等于抓住了整篇文章的论述结构。该句中的“dichotomy”(两分法) 就是正确选项A中的“two categories”。考生在解题时应首先抓住每篇文章的中心主旨句，因为这决定了对全文结构的认识以及对原文整体的把握。2.答案B考点解析这是一道细节推导题。根据题干中的“dichotomy”可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在第二段的首句。如果考生能够正确理解该句中“but”一词前后的内容，就可以找出本题的正确选项B.考生在解题时一定要正确理解原文所传达的含义，即进行正确的细节推导。3.答案D考点解析这是一道审题定位与中心主旨题。根据本题题干中的“different populations”可将本题的答案信息来源确定在首段的第一句，因为该句中的“all species”实际上指的就是题干中的“different populations”。从第一段的首句入手并且仔细阅读首段的第二句，就可以找出本题的正确选项D，因为该选项所传达的信息与原文第一段第一、二句所传达的信息不一致。考生在解题时一定要学会迅速审题定位的能力。4.答案D考点解析本题是一道归纳推导题。题干已明确指出该题的答案信息来源在第三段。第三段主要陈述“density-dependent factors”的作用，过仔细阅读第三段，尤其是第三段的最后三句话，考生可以得知本文作者在第三段是在强调“density-dependent factors”的作用。可见D是本题的正确选项。考生在理解原文时一定要注意掌握归纳推导的能力。5.答案D考点解析本题是一道写作手法题。这是一道比较难的题目，旨在考察考生的语言功底。本文作者在论述自己的观点时运用了各种写作手段。选项A、B、C中所涉及的内容分别在第一段、第三段和第二段中出现。考生一定要提高对原文各种写作手段的认识。2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（3） Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science,but their form and function,their dimensions and appearance,were determined by technologists,artisans,designers,inventors,and engineers &mdash using nonscientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal desriptionsthey are dealt with in the mind by a visual,nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology,it has been nonverbal thinking,by and large,that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids,cathedrals,and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics,but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.The creative shaping process of a technologists mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example,in designing a diesel engine,a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should be valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience,by physical requirements,by limitations of available space,and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter,may depend on scientific calculations,but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.Design courses,then,should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking,a central mechanism in engineering design,involves perceptions,the stock-in-trade of the artist,not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail hard thinking， nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering,the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students,but rather students attending architectural schools.If courses in design,which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving,are not provided,we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example,early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrationsthey are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.1.In the text,the author is primarily concerned withA identifying the kinds of thinking that are used by technologists.B stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design.C proposing a new role for nonscientific thinking in the development of technology.D contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists.2.It can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula areA strengthened when they include courses in design.B weakened by the substitution of physical science courses for courses designed to develop mathematical skills.C strong because nonverbal thinking is still emphasized by most of the courses.D strong despite the errors that graduates of such curricula have made in the development of automatic control systems.3.Which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of the first two paragraphs of the text?A When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions,it is the technologist who is best equipped to repair it.B Each component of an automobile &mdash for example,the engine or the fuel tank &mdash has a shape that has been scientifically determined to be best suited to that components function.C A telephone is a complex instrument designed by technologists using only nonverbal thought.D The distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designers conceptualization as well as the physical requirements of its site.4.Which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction to the text?A The assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technological developments must be derived from science ignores the many nonscientific decisions made by technologists.B Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in the success of technological development.C As knowledge of technology has increased,the tendency has been to lose sight of the important role played by scientific thought in making decisions about form,arrangement,and texture.D A movement in engineering colleges toward a technicians degree reflects a demand for graduates who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was once common among engineers.5.The author calls the predicamen