词汇学模拟试卷1.doc

模拟试卷（1）I . Each of the statements below is followed by four choices. Please choose the one that best completes each statement.（10 %）1. In the word internationalists, nation is _.A. root B. stem C. base D. root, stem, base2. _is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. A. Productivity B. Stability C. Collocability D. All national character3. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except_. A. slang B. Anglo-Saxon words C. argots D. neologisms4. It is assumed that the world has 3 000 languages, which can be grouped into roughly _ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 200 B. 300C. 400 D. 5005. The following languages all belong to the Eastern set except_.A. Balto-Slavic B. Indo-IranianC. Armenian D. Italic6. In the Eastern set, Armenian and_are the sole modern languages in the two respective families.A. Albanian B. RussianC. Slovenian D. Lithuanian7.The minimal meaningful units in a language are known as _ . A. words B. allomorphsC. morphemes D. morphs8. The _ are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning. A. morphs B. allomorphsC. morphemes D. allophones9. Morphemes are _ units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as _ .A. concrete; allomorphs B. abstract; morphsC. abstract; lexemes D. concrete; morphs10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _ .A. compounding B. affixationC. conversion D. shortening11. The prefixes mal- in maltreat, mis- in misleading and pseudo- in pseudo-scientific are _ prefixes.A. negative B. reversativeC. pejorative D. locative12. A word is the combination of _ and _.A. spelling, sound B. form, meaningC. spelling, meaning D. sound, meaning13. By form we refer to_.A. its symbols B. its spelling C. its pronunciation D. both its pronunciation and spelling14. Reference is the relationship between language and_.A. the world B. the conceptC. the sense D. the motivation15. All of the following are sense relations except_.A. polysemy B. ameliorationC. homonymy D. antonymy16. _ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because the majority of words have more than one meaning.A. Hyponymy B. SynonymyC. Polysemy D. Homonymy17. Which of the following words does not undergo the process of narrowing of meaning?A. Meat. B. Liquor.C. Disease. D. Journal.18. _factor is the one that often contributes to the associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words, etc.A. Scientific B. PsychologicalC. Historical D. Internal19. The change of word meaning is achieved by modes of_ A. degradation and elevation B. transference and euphemismC. extension and narrowing D. all the above20. A word has meaning only when a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a_.A. reference B. referentC. concept D. senseII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. （10 %）21. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, studying the origins and _ of words.22. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and _function.23. Modern English expands its vocabulary chiefly through_.24. The three main means of creating new words in modern English are _, compounding and conversion.25. The overwhelming majority of blends are_.26. Words imitating natural sounds are_words.27. Every word that has meaning has sense but not every word has _ .28. The relationship between the word form and meaning is conventional and arbitrary, and most words can be said to be _.29. Componential analysis, according to Leech, is the process of breaking down the sense of a word into its _ components.30. At the time when the words were created, it was endowed with only one meaning. The first meaning is the _ meaning and the latter meanings are _meaning.31. _is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays.32. Extension and_are the most common modes of word meaning changes.33. Narrowing of meaning is also known as_, which is the opposite of_.34. The extra-linguistic context refers to the_situation, which may extend to embrace the entire_.35. Linguistic context can be subdivided into_ context and_ context.36. Context can be divided into _and _ context.37. Regarded as a derivational process without the addition of an affix, conversion can be called as _.38. _are the most complete description of words available to us. They are large in scope and size, containing at least 200 000 headwords.39. _ are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from 50 000 to 150 000. And they are most used on desk.40. Based on the degree of similarity, homonyms fall into three types: _, homographs and_.III. Please decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)( ) 41. A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view. ( ) 42. Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be intrinsically related.( ) 43. The introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.( ) 44. In early Middle English period, English, Latin, and Celtic existed side by side. ( ) 45. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of Modern English period.( ) 46. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language. ( ) 47. Conversion not only changes the grammatical function of items involved but their original meaning.( ) 48. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained acceptance.( ) 49. Backformation is considered to be the opposite process of affixation. ( ) 50. Complementaries can be used in comparative degrees. ( ) 51. In a language, there are more synonyms than antonyms. ( ) 52. Antonyms differ in semantic inclusion.( ) 53. The meaning of paper in a white paper is determined by grammatical context.( ) 54. The ambiguity in They saw her duck is due to polysemy. ( ) 55. The clue for the meaning of jetty in The harbour is protected by a jetty a wall built out into the water is definition. ( ) 56. Idioms are generally felt to be informal; therefore they are usually inappropriate for formal settings.( ) 57. The stylistic features of idioms are fixed and unchangeable. ( ) 58. Idioms are peculiar to native culture and language. ( ) 59. Dictionary is closely related to lexicology because they both deal with the form, meaning, usage and origins of vocabulary units.( ) 60. In the Anglo-Saxon period, difficult Latin words and definitions were often collected into lists called glossaries for the sake of research.IV. Please give the meaning of the following prefixes (the italicized part of the word).You are to write your answer in English on the answer sheet. (10%)61. apolitical 62. disobey 63. illiterate 64. decentralize 65. unbug 66. maltreat 67. misinterpret 68. pseudo-scientific69. archbishop 70. codirect 71. extra-large 72. hyperactive73. macroeconomics 74. microcomputer 75. mini-bus 76. over-anxious 77. outswim 78. sub-system 79. subnormal 80. supersophisticatedV. Please give the direct expressions of the following euphemisms. (10%)81. pass away 82. social disease 83. custodian 84. extermination engineer85. meet engineer 86. sanitation engineer87. mortician 88. hairdresser89. Gee 90. Gosh almightyVI. Please translate the following idioms into Chinese.（20%）91. in a brown study 92. lip service 93. bury the hatchet 94. tit for tat 95. the lions share 96. diamond cut diamond 97. like cures like 98. a fish out of water 99. the salt of the earth 100. see eye to eye with 101. as green as grass 102. once in a blue moon 103. ride the high horse 104. a bed of roses 105. make bricks without straw 106. an apple of discord 107. Jack of all trades 108. a fly in the ointment109. cut and dried 110. wide of the mark VII. Answer the following questions. (30%)111. In what way are words related to vocabulary?112. What is the fundamental difference between content and functional words?113. What is the difference between grammatical and lexical morphemes, and inflectional and derivational morphemes? Give examples to illustrate their relationships.114. What are the merits and demerits of componential analysis?115. What is hyponymy?模拟试卷（1）答案及评分标准I. Please choose the one that best completes each statement. (10%) 1-5 D D B B D6-10 A C A B B11-15 C B D A B16-20 C D B D B评分标准：本题共20道题，共10分；每题0.5分。答错一律不给分。II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)21. meanings22. syntactic23. word formation24. Affixation25. nouns26. onomatopoeic27. reference28. non-motivated29. minimal30. primary; derived31. radiation32. narrowing33. specialization;extension 34. physical; cultural background35. grammatical36. linguistic ;extra-linguistic/non-linguistic 37. zero-derivation38. unabridged dictionaries39. Desk dictionaries40. perfect homonyms; homophones评分标准：本题共20道题，共10分；每题0.5分。答错一律不给分。III. Please decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)41-45 T F T T T46-50 T F T F F51-55 T T F F T56-60 T F T T F评分标准：本题共20道题，共10分；每题0.5分。答错一律不给分。IV. Please give the meaning of the following prefixes . (10%)61. a- not, without, opposite to 62. dis- not, the converse of63. il- not, the converse of 64. de- reversing the action, depriving of65. un- reversing the action 66. mal- badly, bad67. mis- wrongly 68. pseudo- false, imitation69. arch- supreme, most 70. co- jointly, on equal footing71. extra- very 72. hyper- extreme73. macro- large 74. micro- very small 75. mini- little 76. over- excessive 77. out- surpassing 78. sub- secondary, less important 79. sub- beneath, lesser 80. super- more than, beyond, very special 评分标准：本题共20道题，共10分；每题0.5分。写错不给分。V. Please offer the corresponding direct expressions of the euphemisms. (10%)81. die 82. venereal disease83. janitor 84. rat-catcher85. butcher 86. garbage collector87. undertaker 88. barber89. Jesus 90. God Almighty评分标准：本题共1道题，共分；每题1分。答错一律不给分。VI. . Please translate the following idioms into Chinese.（20%）91. 沉思默想 92. 空口应酬 93. 和解；停战 94. 争锋相对 95. 最大份额 96. 棋逢对手 97. 以毒攻毒 98. 不得其所的人，处于陌生环境的人 99. 社会中坚 100. 看法完全一致 101. 浑然无知的，无社会经验的 102. 千载难逢地 103. 趾高气昂 104. 称心如意的境遇 105. 做无米之炊 106. 纷争之源107. 万事通而一无所长之人，万金油108. 美中不足109. 预先安排好的110. 毫不相干评分标准：本题共2道题，共20分；每题1分。答错一律不给分；同义表达不扣分。VIIAnswer the questions. (30%)111. In what way are words related to vocabulary?Vocabulary refers to the sum total of all the words in a language. In other words, vocabulary is composed of words and words make up vocabulary. If we compare vocabulary to a family, words are family members.112. What is the fundamental difference between content and functional words?By notion, words fall into content words and functional words. Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives , adverbs and numerals, which have clear notions; whereas functional words are void of notions but are mainly used to connect content words into sentences. Content words are numerous and changing all the time, while functional words are small in number and stable. But functional words have a much higher frequency in use than content words.113. What is the difference between grammatical and lexical morphemes, and inflectional and derivational morphemes? Give examples to illustrate their relationships. Inflectional morphemes are the suffixes added to the end of words to denote grammatical concepts such as -s (-es) , -ed, -ing and -est (to show superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs) whereas derivational morphemes are prefixes and suffixes added to words to form new words such as pre-, dis-, un- , -lion, -er, -ness and so on. Grammatical morphemes are those used to show grammatical concepts, including inflectional suffixes as me