甄嬛传之非谓语的前世今生 高三英语

非谓语动词的前世今生TheNon-finiteForms

oftheVerb一、什么是非谓语？话说英语国家的人民，曾立下一个flag：Hescratcheshisfoot.主语谓语宾语他抠脚。非谓语句子动词以“.”为标准谓语非谓语皇上皇后三千佳丽tododoingdone非谓语定义：

在有谓语、没连词，没从句的情况下，如果句子里出现了第二个动词，那就把他叫做非谓语。二.非谓语动词里都有哪些人物角色？非谓语的3种基本形式及其功能1.todo表目的表将来2.doing表进行表主动3.done表被动表完成1.Hesatthere，readinganewspaper.

2.Themoneyraisedyesterdaywillbesenttotheearthquakearea.

3.Togetgoodgrades,shestudieshard.

01号人物：动词不定式（todo）

非谓语的扛把子，形式多用途多身份多

在句子里可充当主、宾、表、定、状、补。不定式主动被动一般式todo主动，将来tobedone被动，将来进行式tobedoing主动，进行完成式tohavedone主动，完成tohavebeendone被动，完成判断下列不定式在句中做什么成分

1.Tohelpothersisgood.2.Iwanttosleep.3.Ourdutyistocleantheroons.4.Heisthefirstguesttoarrive.5.IreviseEnglishtogetgoodmarks.6.IwantyoutocomeChina.主语宾语表语定语目的状语宾补02号人物：（v-ing）动名词或现在分词一对长相完全相同，个性迥异的双胞胎。

动名词在句中可充当主、宾、表、定，同位语

现在分词在句中作定、表、状、补v-ing主动被动一般式doing主动，进行beingdone被动，进行完成式havingdone主动，完成havingbeendone被动，完成判断下列v-ing动名词在句中做什么成分1.Eatingapplesisgoodforus.2.Ienjoysingingsongs.3.Seeingisbeliving.4.Thisisareadingroom.5.Myjob，feedinganimals，isveryinterseting.主语宾语表语定语同位语判断下列v-ing现在分词在句中做什么成分1.Themansittingthereismyfather.2.Thestoryisinteresting.3.Arrivingatthecinema,wefoundthefilmhadbeenover.4.Ifoundhimlyingonthegrass.定语表语时间状语宾补03号人物：过去分词（v-pp）为人低调，只有一种形式，与现在分词是一对好基友；

在句中可充当表、定、补、状语，

与现在分词所作成分完全相同。

过去分词done被动，完成判断下列过去分词在句中所做成分1.Iboughtsomepaintedchairs.2.Itisthelanguagespokenbymanypeople.3.Iambored.4.Thecupisbroken.5.Seenfromthehill，thecitylooksbeautiful.6.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom，followedbytwostudents.7.Ithinkthisproblemsettled.定语定语表语表语时间状语伴随状语宾补考点突破考点一非谓语动词作状语一、不定式作状语1．todo作目的状语=soastodo/inordertodo，但soasto不置于句首“为了”Wewillcontinueourcompaigntopreventandcontrolairpollution.2．todo作结果状语，常用于下列结构中：

onlytodo(表示意想不到的结果)；enoughtodo(足够做……)；too...todo...(太……而不能……)；so/such...astodo...(如此……以至于……)等。Heisoldenoughtodresshimself.3．todo作原因状语，常用在“主语＋be/feel＋情感形容词＋todo”结构中。不定式说明产生这种情绪的原因。这类词有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,angry,pleased,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed等。Iamgladtoseeyou.二、现在分词作状语1.动词­ing作状语时，表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等，表主动或正在进行。Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,reflectingman'sintelligenceandcreativity.Hisparentdied，leavinghimanorphan.三、过去分词作状语1.过去分词做状语，表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等，表被动或完成Attractedbythetoy,shedidn’tnoticethecar.2.某些动词的过去分词形容词化，用于系表结构，强调一种状态

如

belost迷路，beseated就座，behidden隐瞒，

belost/absorbedin沉溺于bedressedin穿着betiredof对...厌烦befacedwith面临，面对belocated/situatedin位于beexposedto接触beinvolvedin参与

befocuson专注于bedevotedto致力于Absorbedinthebook，hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.独立成分作状语

常考的有：

generallyspeaking(tobegeneral)一般来说honestly/roughly/strictlyspeaking老实说/大体说/严格说franklyspeaking/tobefrank坦白说judgingfrom/by根据……来判断oconsideration/account考虑到……considering/seeing/given...考虑到……totellthetruth/tobehonest说实话tomakethingsworse更糟糕的是Offeredto

save(）考点突破考点二非谓语动词作定语一、不定式作定语不定式作定语放在所修饰词之后作后置定语，表示将来的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.2.序数词，形容词最高级，thelast,theonly等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作后置定语。Hewasthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.HeistheonlypersontobelieveinGod.3．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作后置定语。常见名词：ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way

等。ThisisachancetoimprovemyoralEnglish.Itisausefulwaytoeliminateplastic.二、分词作定语1．现在分词v-ing做定语时，现在分词与被修饰词之间为主动

进行关系：Thelecture，startingat7:00amlastnight，wasfollowedbyadiscussion.2．现在分词的被动式beingdone做定语时，被修饰词与分词之间为被动关系，且表示正在进行：Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.3.过去分词做定语，分词与被修饰词之间为被动关系，表完成。Theuniversity，foundedin1911，ismyfavoriteuniversity.三、动名词v-ing作定语表示被修饰词的某种用途，意义上相当于名词+for+doing动名词做定语置于被修饰词前。sleepingbag=bagforsleepingflyingmachine=machineforflying非谓语动词作定语的解题思路：表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用beingdone；表示主动、尚未进行用todo；表示被动、尚未进行用tobedone。试比较：①Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.②Thebridgebuiltin2017wasdesignedbyalocalcompany.③Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.④Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.

to

catchspentsaying考点突破考点三非谓语动词作宾补1.常用不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：

advise,allow,ask,beg请求,cause导致,encourageexpect期望,forbid禁止,force,intend打算,inviteorder,persuade,prefer宁愿,require,remind提醒tell,want,warn,wish,callon号召,depend/relyon依靠，teach，help等Weshouldcallonpeopletoprotect

ourenvironment.2.感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，lookat，hear，listento，feel)后的宾补可以是省略to的不定式,do，doing，done。do表示主动和完成（被动句中要还原to）doing表示主动和进行done表示被动和完成Isawhimentertheroom.Hewasseentoentertheroombyme.Isawhimplayingbasketball.Isawhimkilledbyatiger.3.let/make/havesbdosth让某人做某事Letusgoshopping.4.getsbtodosth让某人做某事

get/havesbdoing让某人一直....get/havesthdone使...被...5.leave/keepsb/sthdoingsth让....一直...6.findsbdoingsth发现某人一直在做某事findsb/sthdone发现...被....7.with的复合结构：with+宾语+宾补Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly­electedpresidentishavingahardtime.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoisegoingon.with+宾语doingdonetodo表主动、进行表被动、完成表将来考点突破考点四非谓语动词作宾语1．只接不定式作宾语的动词：

decide/determine决定,learn学习,want,expect/hope/wish希望，refuse拒绝,manage设法做成，care在乎,pretend假装,offer主动提出,promise承诺,choose选择,plan计划；agree同意,ask/beg请求,help帮助，wait等待Idecidetobeafirefighter.2.如果做宾语的不定式有宾补时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语不定式后置。Ifinditimpossibletochangehermind.3．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：consider考虑,suggest/advise建议,lookforwardto期待excuse/pardon原谅；admit承认,fancy想要avoid避免,miss错过deny否认,finish完成,enjoy喜欢appreciate感谢，forbid禁止，avoid避免,imagine想象risk冒险，mind介意,allow/permit允许,escape逃避be/getusedto(习惯于),feellike(想要),insiston(坚持),getdownto(开始认真做某事),devote...to...(致力于……),objectto(反对),stickto(坚持),giveup(放弃)havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsthhavefun(in)doingsth.can’thelpdoing忍不住。Iamconsideringchangingmyplan.4.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：(1)trytodo尽力trydoing试着去做

(2)meantodo打算做；meandoing意味着

(3)regrettodo遗憾要去做regretdoing后悔做过

(4)remembertodo记得去做rememberdoing记得做过(5)forgettodo忘记去做forgetdoing忘记做了(6)

stoptodo停下来做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事(7)goon/continuetodo继续做另一件事

goon/continuedoing继续做同一件事5.“疑问词＋动词不定式”可以作动词后的宾语。Iwanttoknowhowtoimprovemywriting.6.当非谓语动词位于but,except(除了)后时，习惯上要用不定式且当except/but前有实义动词do及相关形式时，不定式要省略to；若其前没有动词do，则不定式通常带to。（前有do后无to，前无do后有to）◆Wehadnochoicebuttowait.◆Icoulddonothingexcept/butagree.7.动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时还有，其后要用doing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动式tobedone做宾语Thecomputerneedsrepairing/toberepaired.to

eattryingto

be

discoveredtrying考点突破考点五非谓语动词作主语和表语1.不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。1)It+be+adj+for/ofsbtodosth2)It+be+名词+forsbtodosth3)It+took/takessb+sometime+todosthItisimporatntforustofindproperlearningmethod.2.动名词作主语1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用it作形式主语，将真正的主语动名词后置。Smokingisbadforyourhealth.It’snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.2)常用于动名词作主语的句型：1)It’sawasteoftime/money/energydoing...做sth浪费时间/金钱/精力2)It’snouse/gooddoing...做sth无用3)Itisuselessdoing...做sth无用4)It’soflittleuse/gooddoing...做sth无用5)Itisworthdoing….值得做某事6)Itisfundoing...做sth有趣3.不定式作表语(1)表示预定要发生的动作；(2)当主语是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；(3)主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to。Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolis（to）improvemyEnglish.4.形容词化的动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式也可以做表语。动词­ing形式意为“令人……的”；动词­ed形式意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look、expression、tears、smile、voice等名词。amusing有趣的amused感到有趣的annoying 令人烦恼的annoyed 烦恼的astonishing 令人吃惊的astonished 吃惊的amazing 令人惊奇的amazed 感到惊奇的boring 令人厌倦的bored 厌倦的confusing令人困惑的confused 困惑的encouraging 令人受鼓励的encouraged 受到鼓励的discouraging 令人泄气的discouraged 泄气的shocking 令人震惊的shocked 震惊的moving 令人感动的moved 感动的disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 失望的frightening 令人害怕的frightened 害怕的inspiring 令人鼓舞的inspired 受到鼓舞的terrifying 令人恐怖的terrified 恐怖的enjoyingto

bargain二、找逻辑主语三、分析语态四、分析时态一、辨别“谓与非谓”非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态找谓谓语非谓语时态语态辨态（主动/被动/目的）1.

Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,_________

(bring)me

afullbasketoffreshfruits.2._________

(know)morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfinditeasiertoread

andcommunicate.3.

Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,__________(have)fun.4.Fivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle__________(give)toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.5.She________（give）ittomeandI’llseewhatIcando.非谓语非谓语谓语非谓语谓语辨态关联词空前名词主语被动done1.

Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,_________

(bring)meafullbasketoffreshfruits.2._________

(know)morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfindit easiertoread

andcommunicate.3.

Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,__________(have)fun.4.Fivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle__________(give)toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.5.She________（give）ittomeandI’llseewhatIcando.关联词：紧挨空前无单词，有符号，有词但无名词时均找主语主动having主动Know被动givengives主动doingbringing解题方法SolutionMethods析时之后todo谓语1._______________

(fail)toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.关联词：紧挨空前无单词，有符号，有词但无名词时均找主语主动非谓语非谓语同时doing之前havingdonefail在sent之前Havingfailed特殊todo表目的固定短语搭配1.________

(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.2.______

(face)withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.3.____________

(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.4.________

(make)thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.DressedbedressedinFacedbefacedwithTocompleteTomake无需任何分析直接填空解题方法SolutionMethods小练1.________(catch)theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.2.Muchtime________(spend)sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.3._____________(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.TocatchspentAbsorbed4.Children,when______(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.5.Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,__________(stare)atthenightsky.6._______(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.accompaniedstaringTofree高考链接1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong__________(see)thebenefit.2.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Youcanreduceyourriskof_______(die)earlybyrunning.3.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice______________(improve)waterquality.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid______(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged.5.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.toseedyingtoimprovelookingtoperform高考链接6.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme__________(stay)andwatch.7.(2018·浙江卷)Istillremember__________(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.8.(2018·浙江卷)Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto________________(beco