C++ 01.ppt

1 C 程序设计ProgramminginC NellDaleChipWeems 2 CommunicationInformationTeacher 吕月娥E mail qddz2001 3 公共邮箱 qdudq 密码是qingdaodaxue 4 主要参考书 1 C 程序设计基础 周霭如等编 电子工业出版社2 面向对象程序设计基础 李师贤等编 高等教育出版社 5 MainContentsofTheCourse TheoryaboutComputerProgramming 计算机的编程理论 BasicProgrammingskillinC C 编程的基本技巧 Object OrientedProgramminginC ClassandObject etc 面向对象程序设计 6 Chapter1OverviewofProgrammingandProblemSolving 7 Chapter1Topics Tounderstandwhatacomputerprogramis Tounderstandwhatanalgorithmis 什么是算法 Tolearnwhatahigh levelprograminglanguageis Tounderstandthecompilationandexecutionprocesses 理解编程和执行过程 Tolearnwhatthemajorcomponentsofacomputerareandhowtheyworktogether 8 1 1 1BasicConcepts ComputerAprogrammabledevicethatcanstore retrieveandprocessdata ComputerProgramAsequenceofinstructionstobeperformedbyacomputer 1 1OverviewofProgramming 9 1 1 2Howdowewriteaprogram Maintenance 10 1 Problem SolvingPhase 解决问题阶段 ANALYZEtheproblemandSPECIFYwhatthesolutionmustdo 分析问题并找出解决方案 ALGORITHMdevelopalogicalsequenceofstepsthatsolvestheproblem 算法给出解决问题的逻辑步骤 VERIFYthatyoursolutionreallysolvestheproblem 验证方案的正确性 11 TESTINGYourprogrammeansrunning executing yourprogramonthecomputer toseeifitproducescorrectresults ifitdoesnot thenyoumustfindoutwhatiswrongwithyourprogramoralgorithmandfixit thisiscalleddebugging 调试 2 Implementationphase 实施阶段 PROGRAMTranslatethealgorithmintoaprogramminglanguage 12 3 MaintenancePhase 维护阶段 USEusetheprogram MaintainMODIFYtheprogramtomeetchangingrequirementsorcorrecterrorsthatshowupinusingit 13 1 2Whatisaprogramminglanguage Itisalanguagewith strictgrammarrules symbols andspecialwordsusedtoconstructacomputerprogram 14 1 2 1MachineLanguage Thelanguage madeupofbinary codedinstructions thatisuseddirectlybythecomputer InstructionNameMachineLanguageformadd100101sub010011 15 1 2 2HighLevelLanguages userwritesprograminlanguagesimilartonaturallanguageexamples FORTRAN COBOL Pascal Ada C C JavamostarestandardizedbyISO ANSItoprovideanofficialdescriptionofthelanguage 16 1 2 3BasicConcepts SourceProgramAprogramwritteninahigh levelprogramminglanguage ObjectProgramThemachinelanguageversionofasourceprogram 源程序的机器语言版本 CompilerAprogramthattranslatesahigh levellanguageintomachinecode 17 1 2 4ThreeC ProgramStages compiler linker 18 Programlistingpossiblywitherrormessages Machinelanguageversionofsourceprogram objectprogram Compilation 编译 19 Execution 执行 Results 20 1 2 5BasicControlStructures 基本控制结构 Programminglanguagerequirethatweusecertaincontrolstructurestoexpressalgorithmsasprograms therearefourbasicwaysofstructuringstatementsinmostprogramminglanguage sequenceselectionloopsubprogram 21 SEQUENCE 顺序结构 asequenceisaseriesofstatementsthatexecuteoneafteranother 22 SELECTION 选择结构 IFConditionTHENStatement1ELSEStatement2 selection branch isusedtoexecutedifferentstatementsdependingoncertainconditions 23 24 25 26 LOOP 循环结构 WHILEConditionDOStatement1 Looping repetition isusedtorepeatstatementswhilecertainconditionsaremet 27 while循环 Until型循环 28 SUBPROGRAM function子程序结构 asubprogramisusedtobreaktheprogramintosmallerunits 29 1 3WhatisaComputer Mostcomputershavesixbasiccomponents thememoryunitthearithmetic logicunitthecontrolunitinputdevicesoutputdevicesauxiliarystoragedevices 30 1 3WhatisaComputer 31 1 3WhatisaComputer InputDevice 32 1 3WhatisaComputer InputDevice MemoryUnit 33 1 3WhatisaComputer InputDevice AuxiliaryStorageDevice MemoryUnit 34 1 3WhatisaComputer InputDevice AuxiliaryStorageDevice MemoryUnit ArithmeticLogicUnit ControlUnit 35 1 3WhatisaComputer InputDevice AuxiliaryStorageDevice MemoryUnit ArithmeticLogicUnit CentralProcessingUnit CPU ControlUnit 36 1 3WhatisaComputer InputDevice OutputDevice AuxiliaryStorageDevice MemoryUnit ArithmeticLogicUnit CentralProcessingUnit CPU ControlUnit 37 Figure1 7BasicComponentsofComputer 38 MemoryUnit 39 MemoryUnit isanorderedsequenceofstoragecells eachcapableofholdingapieceofinformationeachcellhasitsownuniqueaddresstheinformationheldcanbeinputdata computedvalues oryourprograminstructions 40 MemoryOrganization twocircuitstatescorrespondto0and1bit shortforbinarydigit referstoasingle0or1 Bitpatternsrepresentboththecomputerinstructionsandcomputerdata1byte 8bits1KB 1024bytes1MB 1024x1024 1 048 576bytes1GB 1024x1024x1024bytes 41 2 CentralProcessingUnit 42 2 CentralProcessingUnit thepartofcomputerthatexecutestheinstructionsstoredinmemory ithas2componentstoexecuteprograminstructions Arithmetic LogicUnitperformsarithmeticoperations andmakeslogicalcomparisons ControlUnitcontrolstheorderinwhichyourprograminstructionsareexecuted 43 areinput output orauxiliarystoragedevicesattachedtoacomputer InputDevicesacceptdatatobeprocessed includekeyboardandmouse 3 Peripherals 外围设备 44 3 Peripherals 外围设备 areinput output orauxiliarystoragedevicesattachedtoacomputerOutputDevicespresenttheresultthathavebeenprocessed includeprinters videodisplay LCDscreens 45 areinput output orauxiliarystoragedevicesattachedtoacomputerAuxiliaryStorageDevicesincludediskdrives U disk CD ROMdrives 3 Peripherals 外围设备 46 BasicConcepts Hardware thephysicalcomponentsofacomputer Software thesetofallprogramsavailableoncomputers Interface Aconnectinglinkatasharedboundarythatallowsindependentsystemstomeetandactonorcommunicatewitheachother Operatingsystem Asetofprogramsthatmanagesallofthecomputer sresources 47 Editor aninteractiveprogramusedtocreateandmodifysourceprogramsordata L