汽车主动安全与被动安全技术资料毕业论文.doc

主动安全 Active SafetyWe have developed our radar and vision technology to make driving easier and safer by monitoring the environment around the vehicle, giving our active safety systems a chance to adjust engine output, steering or braking to avoid a crash.我们通过开发雷达和可视化技术使驾驶变得简单而安全。通过检测周围环境中的车辆，使主动安全系统可以改变发动机的输出，汽车的转向或者制动从而避免事故的发生。At Autoliv, its not enough to help people survive a collision we want to help them avoid accidents altogether. This means taking action before accidents occur. Future automotive safety technology will need to recognize potentially dangerous situations before they happen, and then react quickly and intelligently.对Autoliv而言，仅仅让人们从碰撞中生还远远不够，我们希望帮助人们完全避免事故。这意味着在事故发生前采取行动。未来的汽车安全技术将需要在潜在危险工况发生前识别它们，并前须速地采取明智的回应。Using our leading market position inradarandvisiontechnology, our aim is to provide:利用在雷达和可视化技术的市场领先地位，我们希望提供： early warnings to drivers, so they can take appropriate action; 对驾驶员进行早期预警，使他们可以采取适当行动； intelligent systems that affect the vehicles motion using braking and steering, helping the driver avoid the hazard; 利用制动和转向影响车辆动作的智能系统，帮助驾驶员避免危险； improved restraint systems that combine hazard information with traditional crash sensing methods, in case a collision is unavoidable. 改进的约束系统，利用传统的碰撞传感器整合危险信息，以防不可避免的碰撞。主动安全功能介绍：Type 类型Instruction 介绍Adaptive Cruise Control 自适应式巡航控制Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is similar to traditional cruise control in that ACC keeps the vehicles pre-set speed automatically. The biggest difference between the two, however, is that ACC can also automatically adjust the vehicles speed to keep a pre-set distance from vehicles up ahead. For example, if the vehicle ahead slows down, or if another vehicle comes into the lane, the ACC sends a signal to the engine or brake system to slow down to keep the pre-set distance. When the road is clear again, the ACC will accelerate the vehicle up to both the pre-set speed and distance.自适应巡航控制类似于传统的巡航控制，它自动地保持车速在预设值。然而两者最大的区别是自适应巡航控制可以自动调节车速保持与前车的预设车距。例如，如果前车减速，或者另一辆车进入车道自适应巡航控制将发送信号至发动机或者制动系统降低车速保持预设车距。当路面再次畅通，自适应巡航控制将使车辆加速至预设速度和车距。Queue Assist 队列辅助Queue Assist takes control of braking and acceleration in slow-moving traffic, making driving more comfortable. Also known as Stop-and-Go, Queue Assist is an Adaptive Cruise Control feature.队列辅助可以在缓慢行驶时控制制动和加速，使驾驶更加舒适。该功能亦称“停与走”，队列协助是一种自适应巡航控制的功能之一。Forward Collision Warning & Braking 前方碰撞警告和制动By continuously monitoring the area in front of the vehicle, the Forward Collision Warning and Braking system detects slow-moving vehicles or other objects that the driver might hit if not noticed in time. In such cases, the system first alerts the driver with a warning signal. At the same time, the reversible active seatbelt tightens, removing any slack. The brakes are then put into “alert mode,” which makes braking easier by reducing the brakes activation threshold if the driver steps on the brake pedal. And if the driver still does not react to the warning and a crash is about to happen, full braking power is automatically activated.通过不断检测车辆前方的区域，前方碰撞警告和制动系统将侦测出慢行车辆或者其它由于驾驶员疏忽可能会撞到的障碍物。在这种情况下，系统将首先向驾驶员发出警报。同时，可逆式主动安全带收紧去除间隙。制动器进入“警报模式”，通过减小制动器生效界限，使驾驶员踩下制动踏板时制动变得容易。如果驾驶员一直没有对警告作出反应，并且碰撞即将发生，全制动力将自动被施加。Blind Spot Detection盲点监测系统The Blind Spot Detection feature helps the driver while attempting to pass other vehicles. The system uses two radar sensors that are connected to each side rear-view mirror. The sensors continuously monitor the presence, direction and speed of vehicles in the lanes beside the vehicle. If a vehicle moves into the blind spot, a warning indicator on the appropriate side lights up. If the driver still doesnt react to the indicator, an audio alarm goes off, providing additional warning.盲点检测系统为驾驶员超车是提供帮助。该系统利用两个连接在后视镜上的雷达传感器。该传感器不间断地监测车旁两侧车道车辆的存在、方向和速度。如果一辆车进入了盲区，相应侧的警示器将打开。如果驾驶员依然没有对警示器作出反应，声音警报将会响起提供额外警告。Cross-traffic Assist十字交通协助While backing out of a parking spot, Cross-traffic Assist warns the driver of approaching traffic. Cross-traffic Assist uses the Blind Spot Detection systems two radar sensors to pick up vehicles moving within a 15-meter (45-foot) range the size of five parking spaces from behind to the left or right of the vehicle.当车辆倒出停车位时，十字交通协助将警告驾驶员接近的车辆。十字交通协助利用盲点检测系统的两个雷达传感器跟踪15米范围内的车辆，大约5个停车位的空间，从后面开始至左或右侧。Lane Departure Warning车道偏离预警The Lane Departure Warning system checks that the vehicle is in its lane by examining the lane markings on the road. If the driver changes lanes without using the turn indicator, an alert signal warns the driver at speeds of more than 50 km/h. It is also effective while driving through corners and in darkness with the headlights on.车道偏离预警系统通过检测地面路标判断车辆是否在车道内。如果驾驶员改变车道没有打转向灯，警告将在超过50公里每小时发出。在转向和黑暗状况下通过打开大灯起效。RoadSign Detection道路标志检测The Road Sign Detection system reminds drivers of the speed limit and other traffic instructions on the road while driving. A symbol in the shape of a road sign appears on a heads-up display or dashboard, showing different types of information such as the speed limit and when overtaking is and is not allowed. The system also recognizes supplementary signs activated during unique situations driving in wet conditions, for example and temporary restrictions such as through road works.道路标志检测系统提醒行驶在路上的驾驶员限速和其他交通指示。交通标志将出现在抬头显示器或者仪表盘上，显示不同类型的信息，例如限速和禁止超车。该系统同样可以在特殊的情况下识别被激活的补充标志，比如驾驶在湿滑路面上，以及临时标识比如前方道路施工。Light Source Recognition光源识别The Light Source Recognition system ensures that drivers in oncoming vehicles are not accidentally blinded by headlights. It identifies oncoming vehicles from about 750 meters away and determines when headlights need to be “dipped.” Headlights are raised automatically when there is no longer any risk of blinding an oncoming driver. The system works similarly when approaching another vehicle from behind, this time from about 450 meters away. The system will also recognize when the vehicle is being driven in areas with enough light, or if the vehicle speed is less than 30 km/h. During these situations the headlights stay dipped automatically.光源识别系统可以确保来车驾驶员不被大灯意外地闪花眼。它可以识别750米开外的来车以及决定何时大灯需要“下倾”。当不再有来车致盲危险时，大灯将被自动地提高。该系统在从后面迫近前方车辆时也会类似动作，这次的作用距离为450米。该系统在灯光充足或者车速低于30公里每小时的情况下也会起作用。在这些情况下大灯会自动下倾。Pedestrian Detection行人检测系统With the ability to observe and recognize movement patterns in people, the Pedestrian Detection system warns the driver of pedestrians who might step onto the road ahead. The driver first receives an audible and/or visible warning on the dashboard or heads-up display. At the same time the cars brakes are put into “alert mode,” making it easier for the driver to brake quickly. If the driver does not react to the warning and an accident is about to happen, the system automatically applies full braking power.在具备发现和识别人体运动模式的能力后，行人检测系统将在有行人要进入车道时警告驾驶员。驾驶员首先收到声音以及可视化警告，这个警告出现在仪表板或抬头显示器上。同时，汽车制动进入“戒备状态”，是制动更为敏捷。如果驾驶员没有对警告做出回应，并且事故即将发生，该系统会自动提供全制动力。Night Vision夜视The Night Vision system displays an image of the road scene ahead that headlights might not pick up. Using infrared technology the system analyzes the content of the scene while taking the vehicles motion into account. If a pedestrian is at risk of being hit, warnings are signaled with enough time for the driver to react. The system can detect pedestrians up to two times farther than the typical headlight range.夜视系统显示前方大灯无法照亮的道路情景。利用红外技术该系统分析道路情景并且将车辆运动考虑在内。如果行人有被撞的危险，警告将发送给驾驶员，并留有充足的反应时间。这个系统可以侦测到常规大灯范围两倍远的行人。被动安全 Passive SafetyAutoliv accounts for almost every major technological breakthrough within passive safety over the last 20 years.Autoliv在过去的20年里参与了被动安全领域几乎所有的重大技术突破。The term“passive safety” refers toproductsthat protect occupants during a crash;primarily airbags andseatbelts.“被动安全”这个术语指在碰撞发生时保护乘员的装置；主要包括安全气囊和安全带。What happens in a crash?碰撞时发生了什么？When a collision occurs,occupantsnot wearing seatbelts continue to move forward at the vehicles pre-crash speed until they make contact with the vehicles interior (the steering wheel, instrument panel, windscreen, etc.) Belted occupants come to a more gradual stop by being secured directly to the vehicles structure. In severe crashes, even properly belted occupants may come into contact with the vehicles interior.当碰撞发生时，乘员如果没有系安全带将以碰撞前车速撞向内饰（如方向盘、仪表板、挡风玻璃等）。系安全带的乘员可以逐步地停下，受到汽车结构的直接保护。在严重的碰撞事故中，甚至系安全带的乘员也可能撞向内饰。In severe crashes the seatbelt system can be enhanced with modern features such as pretensioners, that tighten the belts in an eventof a crash.Airbags supplement the seatbelt by reducing the chance that the occupants head and upper body will strike some part of the vehicles interior. By distributing crash forces more evenly across the occupants body they also help reduce the risk of serious injury.在严重的碰撞中安全带系统可以通过现代方法得以增强，如加装预紧器可以在碰撞时绷紧安全带。安全气囊可以提供额外保护，降低乘员头部和上身撞击内饰的机会。通过分散对身体的撞击力，安全气囊可以减小严重伤害的可能。During a moderate to severe frontal crash an electrical impulse is sent to the airbaginflator, which produces a non-toxic gas to fill theairbag cushion, deploying itthrough the module cover.当撞击发生时产生的电脉冲被传至安全气囊的充气泵里，从而产生无毒气体填充入缓冲垫，使之冲出模块盖。From the beginning of the crash, the entire deployment and inflation process takes about 1/20th of a second, which is roughly half the time of the blink of an eye.在碰撞开始时，气囊展开动作耗时约1/20秒，大约是眨眼时间的一半。被动安全功能介绍：Type 类型Instruction 介绍Seatbelts安全带It is estimated that more than a million people have been saved since seatbelts were first introduced into automobiles in the 1950s.据估计自20世纪50年代安全带诞生以来，它拯救了超过百万人的生命。Airbags安全气囊Airbags inflate quickly during a crash. Their purpose is to cushion occupants and provide protection to their bodies before they strike interior objects such as the steering wheel or the instrument panel. Modern vehicles may contain multiple airbags in various side and frontal 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