八年级英语上册Unit3Adayout词汇与语法基础训练新版牛津版3-(2).doc

Unit 3 A day out知识精讲一、必备词汇Australia n. 澳大利亚top n.顶部president n. 总统wide adj.宽的join v. 参加clear adj.清晰地journey n.旅行boring adj. 无聊的finally adv. 最后地arrive v.到达 culture n. 文化 Internet n. 网络 luckily adv.幸运地climber n. 攀登者support v. 支持cheer v. 欢呼reach v. 到达cost v. 花费 free adj. 自由的helpless adj.无助的useless adj.无用的hope v. 希望taste v. 尝起来ticket n. 票keep v.保持二、重点词汇1. join verb /dn/ to connect or fasten things together连接；接合1). A long suspension bridge joins the two islands.一座长长的吊桥将两个岛屿连接起来。2). Join the two pieces together using strong glue.用强力胶把这两片粘起来。3). The island is joined to the mainland by a road bridge.一座公路桥将小岛和大陆连接起来。2. arrive verb /rav/ to reach a place, especially at the end of a journey到达，抵达（尤指到达旅途的终点）；到来；来临1). What time will your train arrive?你坐的火车什么时候到？2). It was dark by the time we arrived at the station.我们到站时，天都已经黑了。3. support verb /spt/ to agree with and give encouragement to someone or something because you want him, her, or it to succeed支持；赞成；拥护；鼓励1). My father supported the LabourDemocratic Party all his life.我父亲毕生都拥护工党。2). The majority of people in the town strongly support the plans to build a new school.镇上的大部分人都强烈支持修建旁路的计划。4. cheer verb /tr/ to give a loud shout of approval or encouragement欢呼；喝彩；鼓舞，振奋1). Everyone cheered as the winners received their medals.当优胜者接受奖牌时，大家都欢呼起来。2). He was cheering for the other side.他正为另一方喝彩。5. keep verb /kip/ kept, keptto have or continue to have in your possession保有；保存；保留1). Do you want this photograph back or can I keep it?你想要回这张照片，还是我留着它？2). Keep medicines in a locked cupboard (= store them there).将药存放在上锁的橱柜里。三、必备短语keep fit保持健康enjoy oneself玩得开心take a boat trip乘船旅行invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事on the way在路上arrive in/ at到达get off下车the whole world整个世界in front of在前面more than多于places of interest名胜古迹by oneself独自look like看起来像tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事have a good time玩得开心look at each other彼此相望take place发生 take care 保重四、经典句型1. You need to exercise and keep fit.你需要锻炼并且要保持健康。2. Take care that you cant make the same mistake.注意你不能犯同样的错误。3. Yesterday Kittys teacher Mr. Wu invited me to join their school trip to the World Park.昨天，基蒂的老师，吴老师邀请我参加他们学校组织的到世界公园的旅行。4. All of us couldnt wait to get off the bus.我们都迫不急待地下车了。5. There are models of more than a hundred places of interest from all over the world.这里有一百多个世界各地景点的模型。三点剖析一、考点：asas 的用法1. 表示西个人或物在某一方面(程度)相同时，用 “as+形容词/副词的原级+as”来表示，意为“和一样”。Pelerisastall as Jim. 彼得和吉姆一样高。This book is as interesting as that one. 这本书和那本书一样有趣。2. 表示某人或物不如另一人或物时，用 “not as/ so+形容词/副词的原级+as” 表示，意为“不如”或者“不和一样”，可以和than句型进行转换。Swimming is not so/ as dangerous as diving.=Swimming is less dangerous than diving.游泳不如潜水那么危险。Engish is not so/ as diffiult as French.= English is less difficult than French. 英语没有法语难。Bill is not so/ as tall as Tom.= Bill is shorter than Tom.=Tom is taller than Bill.比尔不如汤姆高。(比尔比汤姆矮。/ 汤姆比比尔高。)二、易错点：反身代词的用法1.反身代词的含义：用来表示“某人自己”的代词叫反身代词。2.反身代词的形式：表示第一人称、第二人称和第三人称单数的反身代词。3.反身代词在句中的用法：1). 作宾语。反身代词常用在buy,hurt,enjoy,help,teach,wash,look after 等动词或词组的后面作宾语，表示动作的对象是主语本身；也可以用在介词后面,作介词的宾语。He bought himself a watch yesterday. 昨天他给自己买了一块手表。He fell off the bike,but he didnt hurt himself badly. ats.She tried.他从自行车上摔下来,但伤得不重。2). 作同位语。反身代词可以作主语、宾语或表语的同位语，意为“亲自、本人”，起强调作用。在句中可放在名词、代词之后，也可放在句子末尾。I can work out this problem myself. 我能自己做出这道题。I saw Mr.Green himself yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我见到了格林先生本人。3). 作表语。The man in the story is himself. 故事里的那个人就是他自己。4). 反身代词构成的一些常用短语有：hurt oneself伤到某人自己teach oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得愉快look afer oneelt照顾自己help oneself (to) 随便(吃/ 喝)leave sb by oneself 把某人单独留下by oneself 独自；单独foroneself独自；为自己题模精选题模一：Unit 3 词汇应用例1.1.1 My cousin Andrew is crazy about doing many things by _.A herselfB himselfC himD her例1.1.2 用所给词的适当形式填空_ (luck) the famous temple was not damaged in the earthquake.题模二：asas的用法例1.2.1 Its not cool but it isnt as _ as yesterday.A hotB hotterC hottestD the hottest例1.2.2 根据汉语意思完成句子。我的新车和你的一样贵。My new car is _ _ _ yours.随堂练习随练1.1 -When did they _ Shanghai?-At five yesterday.A reachedB got toC arrive atD arrive in随练1.2 Its cold outside. Youd better _ your coat and scarf.A work outB put outC have onD put on随练1.3 All of them are _ at the _ news.A excited; excitedB exciting; excitedC excited; excitingD exciting; exciting随练1.4 I guess Peter and his sister Sally enjoyed _ at the dancing party.A themselvesB himselfC herselfD myself随练1.5 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.There are a lot of tall _ ( build) in the modern town.2.After _ (watch ) TV, Jim had a bath and went to bed.3. What _ ( do) your mother _ ( want) _ (be ) when she was young i4. Can you name some places of _ ( interest) in the world? 5. Your e-friend _ ( come) to visit you, isnt she?随练1.6 Lily isnt as _ as Peter. She often makes mistakes in her composition.A carelessB carefulC carelesslyD carefully自我总结课后作业作业1 Dont worry about me. I m old enough to think for _.A himselfB herselfC yourself D myself作业2 Dont forget _ your homework here, little Tom.A bringB takeC to bringD to take作业3 It _ Mr. Green an hour to fix up his bicycle yesterday.A costB tookC spent D paid作业4 根据汉语意思完成句子。1. 我们在著名的伦敦桥下乘船旅行，而且经过了伦敦塔。We took _ _ _ under the famous London Tower Bridge and _ _ the Tower of London.2. 我的新房子和你的一样大。My new house is _ _ _ yours.3. 我们正坐在河边的一座小茶馆里。We are sitting in a little tea shop _ _ _.4. 快点，米莉。我有一些好消息要告诉你。_ _ , Millie. I have some good news to tell you.5. 你需要停止工作并且好好休息一下。You _ _ stop working and have a good rest.作业5 -The dish is delicious!-Well. At least its as_ as the one I cooked yesterday.A good B well C betterD best作业6 -English isnt as _ as Chinese.-Maybe its just because Chinese is your native language.A easy B easily C easierD easiest答案解析题模精选题模一：Unit 3 词汇应用例1.1.1【答案】B【解析】 考查by oneself固定词组。我的表兄弟安德鲁痴迷于自己动手做许多事情。by oneself为固定词组，意为“独自”。此处指代安德鲁本人，男性用反身代词himself。故选B。例1.1.2【答案】 Luckily【解析】 句意：幸运的是那座著名的寺庙在地震中没有被毁坏。Luckily为副词，在句中作状语。故填Luckily。题模二：asas的用法例1.2.1【答案】A【解析】 考查asas用法。as+形容词原级+as。as hot as yesterday意为“和昨天一样热”。故选A。例1.2.2【答案】 as expensive as【解析】 考查asas的用法。as+形容词原级+as“和一样”。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】D【解析】 考查词义辨析。问句是特殊疑问句，前面有助动词did，谓语动词应用原形故排除AB；arrive in后面跟大地点，故选D。随练1.2【答案】D【解析】 考查动词短语 辨析。work out算出，put out熄灭，have on穿着，put on穿上。根据句意：外面很冷，你最好穿上大衣戴上围巾。故选D。随练1.3【答案】C【解析】 考查-ing和-ed的形容词区别。exciting修饰物，excited修饰人。故选C。随练1.4【答案】A【解析】 考查反身代词。enjoy oneself玩得高兴。根据从句主语Peter and his sister Sally可知是复数形式。故选A。随练1.5【答案】 1. buildings2. watching3. did; want ; to be4. interest5. is coming【解析】 考查单词的正确使用和拼写形式。随练1.6【答案】B【解析】 考查asas的用法。根据后文的提示She often makes mistakes in her composition可以推断出：莉莉不如彼得认真。careless粗心的；careful认真的。故选B。课后作业作业1【答案】D【解析】 考查反身代词。think for oneself为自己着想。句意：不要担心我，我足够大量，能够独立思考了。故选D。作业2【答案】C【解析】 forget to do sth.忘记做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。把作业带来用bring。作业3【答案】B【解析】 考查固定搭配。It takes/ took sb. time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故选B。作业4【答案】 1. a boat trip; went past2. as large/ big as3. by the river4. Come on5. need to【解析】 考查完成句子中涉及到的短语和固定句型。作业5【答案】A【解析】 考查asas的用法。as+形容词/ 副词原级+as“和一样”，故选A。作业6【答案】A【解析】 考查asas的用法。as+形容词/ 副词原级+as“和一样”，故选A。Unit 8 Natural disasters知识精讲一、必背词汇disaster n. 灾难；不幸，祸患mop vt. 用拖把擦干净up adv. 完全地earthquake n. 地震accident n. 事故，意外的事coach n. 长途汽车crash vi. & vt. 猛撞；碰撞flood n. 洪水，水灾village n. 村庄，乡村lightning n. 闪电storm n. 风暴，暴（风）雨thunder n. 雷，雷声slight adj. 轻微的shake vi. & vt. 摇动，震动loud adj. 响亮的；大声的；喧闹的bomb n. 炸弹fear n. 害怕，恐惧direction n. 方向brick n. 砖，砖块silent adj. 寂静的nervous adj. 紧张不安的heart n. 心脏beat vi. & vt. （使）规律作响，作节奏运动trapped adj. 困住的mind n. 头脑calm vi. & vt. （使）平静，（使）镇定since conj. 由于，既然still adv. 仍然alive adj. 活着的dark n. 黑暗shout n. 呼喊，喊叫声safe adj. 安全的asleep adj. 睡着的break vi. 损坏；打破towel n. 毛巾，浴巾rule n. 规则railway n. 铁路pancake n. 烙饼，薄饼burn n. 烧伤，烫伤，灼伤board n. 木板headache n. 头痛toothache n. 牙痛countryside n. 乡下, 农村nearly adv. 几乎， 将近clear vt. 清除，清理shaking n. 摇动，震动二、重点词汇1. break verb /brek/1). to (cause something to) separate suddenly or violently into two or more pieces, or to (cause something to) stop working by being damaged破碎，破裂；打破；打断；损坏，弄坏例句：The dish fell to the floor and broke.碟子掉到地上摔碎了。She fell and broke her arm.她摔断了胳膊。2). to destroy or end something, or to come to an end 毁坏，打破；结束，终结例句：Eventually someone spoke, breaking the silence.最后终于有人开口打破了沉默。She broke the record for the 5,000 meters.她打破了5000米的纪录。3). to interrupt or to stop something for a short period 打断；中断，中止例句：We usually break for lunch at 12.30.我们通常12点半休息吃午饭。The phone rang, breaking my concentration.电话铃响了，打断了我的注意。2. shake verb & noun /ek/1). v. to move backwards and forwards or up and down in quick, short movements, or to make something or someone do this 摇动；抖动；使颤动例句：A young boy climbed into the apple tree and shook the branches so that the fruit fell down.一个男孩爬上苹果树，用力摇着枝条好让苹果掉下来。She shook her hair loose from its ribbon.她抖了抖头发，把丝带抖掉。2). v. If you are shaking, your body makes quick short movements, or you feel as if it is doing so, because you are frightened or nervous. （因害怕或紧张而）打颤，发抖例句：She was shaking as she opened the letter.她颤抖着拆开了信。I was shaking like a leaf (= very nervous) before the test.我考试前特别紧张。3). n. an act of shaking something 摇动；抖动；震动例句：She gave the box a shake to see if there was anything inside it.她摇了摇盒子，看里面有没有东西。No, no, no, he said with a shake of his head. “不，不，不”，他摇着头说。3. since adverb & preposition & conjunction /sns/1). adv. from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now此后，从此例句：Emma went to work in New York a year ago, and we havent seen her since.埃玛一年前去纽约工作了，自那时起我们就没有见过她。He started working for the company in 1995, and has been there ever since.他毕业后就开始为这家公司工作，在此之后他一直呆在那里。2). prep. from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now自从；从以来例句：He hasnt won a game since last year.1966年以后，英格兰队就再没有拿过世界杯冠军。It was the hottest October since records began.这是有史以来最热的十月。3). conj. because; as因为；既然例句：Since weve got a few minutes to wait for the train, lets have a cup of coffee.既然等火车还需要几分钟，我们去喝杯咖啡吧。Since she has lost weight that skirt bags on her.因为她减肥了，她穿那条裙子显得太松垂了。4. direction noun /darekn/ 1). the position towards which someone or something moves or faces方向，朝向例句：He was going in the direction of the bedroom.他正朝着卧室走去。They drove away in opposite directions.他们朝相反的方向驶去。2). control or instruction 管理；控制；指挥；指导例句：I couldnt understand the directions on the packet.我看不懂包装盒上的说明。The project was under the direction of a well-known academic.这项工程是在一位著名学者的指导下进行的。5. beat verb & noun /bit/1). v. to defeat or do better than 打败，战胜例句：Simon always beats me at tennis.西蒙打网球总是赢我。Holland beat Belgium (by) 31.荷兰队3比1战胜比利时队。2).v. to hit repeatedly （接连地）打，击例句：They saw him beating his dog with a stick.他们看见他用棍子打他的狗。Beat the drum.打起鼓来。3). v. to (cause to) make a regular movement or sound （使）跳动；使拍打；敲打例句：The doctor could feel no pulse beating.医生感觉不到脉搏的跳动。The hummingbird beats its wings at great speed.蜂鸟高速振动翅膀。4). n. a regular movement or sound, especially that made by your heart（尤指心脏）连续的跳动（声）例句：I put my head on his chest but I could feel no heartbeat.我把头贴近他的胸口，但感觉不到他的心跳。They danced to the beat of the drums.他们随着鼓声翩翩起舞。6. silent adjective /salnt/1). without any sound 宁静的；寂静的例句：The empty house was completely silent.那座空房子一片寂静。It was four oclock in the morning and the streets were as silent as the grave.这是凌晨四点，伦敦如坟墓一样沉寂，十分安静。2). without talking 沉默的；缄默的例句：Trish was silent because she was reluctant to put her thoughts into words.特里希一言不发，因为她不愿意把她的想法说出来。She and Ned sat silently for a moment, absorbing the peace of the lake.她和内德默默地坐了片刻，享受着那湖泊的宁静。三、必背短语1. thousands of 许多；成千上万的2. wash away 冲走；洗掉；忘却3. crash into 闯入；撞到上4. fall from 从落下5. catch fire 着火6. at first 起初；首先7. in fear 害怕8. run out of 用光，用尽9. try ones best 尽某人最大的努力10. in all directions 四面八方；全面地11. come down 下来，降落12. not.at all 一点也不13. calm down 平静下来14. say to oneself 自言自语15. find ones way out 寻找解决方法16. at last 最终，最后17. the noise of 之声18. because of 因为，由于19. as.as possible 尽可能20. on fire 着火；起火21. a loud noise like thunder 一声雷鸣般的巨响四、经典句型1. Then I heard a loud noise like然后我听到一声般的巨响。2. I tried my best to.我尽最大的努力3. I could not see anything at all, and.我什么都看不见，也三点剖析一、考点1. 掌握本课核心词汇和固定搭配。2. 过去进行时的用法1). 定义过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。2). 结构was/were +doing (现在分词)3). 用法(1). 过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例句：We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。(2). 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。例句：When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(3). 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例句：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。（两个动作都是延续的）He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）3. when，while和as在过去进行时中的用法1). when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。例句：Sorry, I was out when you called me.对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。The students took notes as they listened.学生们边听课边做笔记。2). when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。例句：When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。While/ As we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。3). 当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as这时，as常表示“随着”；“一边，一边”之意。例句：As the time went on, the weather got worse.随着时间的推移，天气变得更糟了。例题：1. -Sandy, the glass is broken. How did that happen?-Sorry, Mum. I dont know. I _ outside.A. playB. was playingC. have playedD. am playing【答案】B【解析】考查过去进行时。根据句意：桑迪，这玻璃杯坏了，是怎样发生的？对不起，妈妈，我不知道，我当时在外面玩。根据句意可知应该用过去进行时。故选D。2. 用when，while，as填空1).The teacher came in _ the students were talking.2). _ was sleeping, my parents were watching TV.3). _ it grew darker, it became colder.【答案】1). when/ while/ as2). While3). As【解析】考查过连词when，while，as的用法。根据相关用法填出对应连词即可。二、易错点loud，aloud和loudly1. loud作副词时，常用比较级形式，意为“响亮地”或“高声地”，侧重发出的音量大，传得远，一股多用来修饰speak，talk，laugh等动词；作形容词时意为“大声的；响亮的”。例句：Speak louder, or I cant hear you.大点声，否则我听不见你说话。The children made a loud noise downstairs.孩子们在楼下大声喧哗。2. aloud为副词，强调发出的声音能被听见，意为“出声地”或“大声地”。aloud作“出声地”讲时，主要与read连用；作“大声地”讲时，主要与call，shout，cry等词连用。例句：Please read the letter aloud so that everybody can hear.请大声地把信读出来,让大家都能听见。The boy is crying aloud.那个男孩哭的声音很大。3. loudly作副词，意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与loud相同，还常与ring，knock等动词连用，可指人的说话声、敲门声或其他各种声音，强调“声音高”。含有“喧闹”的意思。例句：Someone knocked loudly at the door.有人大声敲门。例题：Suddenly the bell on the wall rang _.A. quietB. aloudC. loudlyD. quietly【答案】C【解析】考查词汇辨析。根据句意：突然墙上的铃突然想了起来。aloud意为“大声地”；loudly意为“响亮地”，故选C。题模精选题模一：Unit 8 词汇应用例1.1.1 The girl felt so _ that she fell _ at the table.A sleepy; asleepB sleepy; sleepyC asleep; sleepyD asleep; asleep例1.1.2 根据括号提示填空1). There are many natural _ (灾难) in the world every year.2). A strong earthquake killed _ (thousand) of people last year.题模二：过去进行时例1.2.1 I was writing a letter _ she was making a telephone call.A whileB whenC beforeD as例1.2.2 根据中文提示完成句子1). 雷电总是跟在闪电后面，因为电的传播速度比声音快。_ _ _ _ because light travels faster than sound.2). 我们应该学习怎样在地震中保护自己。We should learn _ _ _ _ _ _ _.随堂练习随练1.1 The man tried several times to start the car, and he _ succeeded.A in the pastB in the endC at firstD at once随练1.2 If there is any change to the plan, I will tell you as soon _.A as possibleB as impossibleC as quickD as quickly随练1.3 -Whats wrong with you?-I dont feel well. I have _.A toothacheB headacheC a headacheD cold随练1.4 根据括号提示完成句子1. It is dangerous to travel by ship this week. There will be a _ (暴风雨)on the sea.2.There are lots of people