江苏省永丰初级中学八年级英语下册 Unit 7 International Charities Grammar课件 （新版）牛津版.ppt

语态 表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系 英语有两种语态 即主动语态和被动语态 主动语态 表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态 表示主语是动作的承受者 如 manystudentsstudyenglish 主动语态 englishisstudiedbymanystudents 被动语态 语态 什么时候可以使用被动语态呢 一 行为主体不明确 不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时 例如 suchbooksarewrittenforchildren 这些书是为儿童写的 footballisplayedallovertheworld 二 不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时 例如 mybikewasstolen 我的自行车被盗了 三 汉语中含有 据说 据悉 有人说 大家说 等时 例如 itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand itwasreportedthathermotherdiedofsars 众所周知 itiswellknownthat 据推测说 itissupposedthat 四 汉语中含有 被 由 等词时 例如 tinaisaskedtocomebypaul tina是被paul叫来的 五 某些句子习惯上用被动语态 例如 hewasborninoctober 1989 theflowers everyday arewatered byher shewaterstheflowerseveryday 主谓宾 后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态 主动变被动的方法 shewaterstheflowerseveryday 主谓宾 theflowersarewateredbyhereveryday 总结 主语 be p p by 宾语 1 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 2 将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动 3 将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词by的宾语放在谓动词之后 运用一下吧 be done 被动语态的基本结构 有各种时态的变化 考点一 am is arewas werewillbe isgoingtobecan may could must mightbehave hasbeenhadbeen bymanystudents 1 manystudentsstudyenglish english isstudied 2 theymakeshoesinthatfactory shoes aremade bythem inthatfactory 一 一般现在时的被动语态结构 is are 过去分词 theyplayfootballonsunday lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening theyoftenusecomputersinclass wemakethesemachinesinbeijing footballisplayedbythemonsunday thehomeworkisdonebylucyintheevening computersareoftenusedbytheminclass thesemachinesaremadebyusinbeijing 1 theyboughtacomputerlastterm bythemlastterm 2 一般过去时的被动语态结构 was were 过去分词 lastyear 2 weplantedmanytreeslastyear manytrees wereplanted acomputer wasbought theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday wecleanedourclassroomjustnow theyusedtheroomsforresting thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow theroomswereusedforrestingbythem 4 含有情态动词的被动语态结构 can may must should be 过去分词 1 amycantakegoodcareofgina byamy gina canbetakengoodcareof 2 youshoulddrinkmorewater morewater shouldbedrunk byyou 1 hecantakecareofthebaby 2 lucymaydrawthepictures 3 youmustturnoffthelights 4 theyshouldlearnenglishwell thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim thepicturemaybedrawnbylucy thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem 一般现在时 一般过去时 情态动词 am is are done 情态动词 be done was were done 以下时态的被动语态构成 summary task4 考点二 被动语态中的特殊情况 被动语态的几种类型 1 带双宾语句子的被动语态 一般把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语 则另一个不动 如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加for或to 如 1 hegavemeabook iwasgivenabookbyhim abookwasgiventomebytom 2 iboughthimabook hewasboughtabookbyme abookwasbuoghtforhimbyme givesb sth buysbsth sbbegivensthsbbeboughtsth sthbegiventosb sthbeboughtforsb 考点 givesb sth passsb sth sellsb sth lendsb sth bringsb sth makesb sth buysb sth sthbegiventosb sth bepassedtosb sth besoldtosb sth belenttosb sth bebroughttosb sth bemadeforsb sth beboughtforsb 主动 被动 考点 sbbeaskedtodosbbetoldtodosbbeinvitedtodosbbechosentodosbbeencouragedtodosbbeallowedtodo asksb todotellsb todoinvitesb todochoosesb todoencouragesb todoallowsb todo 主动 被动 2 主动语态为带to的动词不定式mumtoldmetostayathome iwastoldtostayathome 1 isawhimplaybasketballlastsunday he wasseen toplaybasketballlastsunday 2 thebossmakeshimworkfor10hours he ismade toworkfor10hours 3 在主动语态中省去to 在变为被动语态时应加上to 即hear watch see make let 这些词在变被动句时必须加to makesbdosth sbbemadetodosth seesbdosth sbbeseentodosth 考点 makesb doletsb doseesb dohearsb dowatchsb do sbbemadetodosbsbbelettodosbbeseentodosbbeheardtodosbbewatchedtodo 主动 被动 theytakegoodcareofmychild iturnedofftheradio 4 含有短语的主动语态变被动语态 注意短语要完整 不能掉了介词 mychildistakengoodcareof theradiowasturnedoff byme 考点 lookforlookaftertakecareofhandinlaughatspeakto belookedforbelookedafterbetakencareofbehandedinbelaughedatbespokento 不要漏掉介词 考点 没有被动语态的词或短语 cost happen takeplace closedown feel sound taste smell look comeout comeup breakdown standfor 这些词主要分为一下几类 1 look smell sound feel taste等作连系动词用时 主动形式表被动意义 eg 棉花摸起来很柔软 cottonfeelssoft 这老妇人看起来焦急theoldwomanlooksworried 2 write 很好写 read 很好看 sell 卖得好 wash 很好洗 open 商店开门 last 持续很久 等常用主动表被动 eg这笔很好用 thispenwriteswell 这书很畅销thisbooksellswell theshopwillopenateighto clock 3 动词need require allow等接动名词doing作宾语构成主动结构表被动含义 他的鞋需要修理 heneededtomendhisshoes hisshoesneededtobemended hisshoesneededmending need allow可以用 ing形式表示被动needtobedone needdoingbeallowedtodo allowdoing 4 不及物动词没有被动语态 如 happen 发生 takeplace 发生 begin 开始 become 成为 变得 dissappear 消失 comeout 出版 ancaraccidenthappenedinfrontofaschoolthismorning whatishappeningthere hisbookcameoutlastyear themoviewilllastfortwohours thebookcost100yuan 被动语态 初三英语期末复习 thepassivevoice be done 被动语态的基本结构 有各种时态的变化 考点一 1 nowenglish bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword a speaksb isspokenc wasspoken 一般现在时的被动语态 am is are done 2 thelostboy atthestreetcornerlastnight a wasfoundb isfoundc waslookedfor 一般过去时的被动语态 was were done 3 moreman madesatellites inthefuture a willsendupb willbesentupc aresentup 一般将来时的被动语态 will be donebegoingto be done 5 flowers everyday a hasbeenwateredb shouldbewateredc shouldwater 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 be done 考点二 被动语态中的特殊情况 6 goodmedicine bittertothemouth a tastesb istastedc taste thispen well a issoldb sellc sells 感官动词 和sell write等动词用主动语态表被动 7 manypeople duringtheearthquakeinmay 2008 a werediedb deadc died happen last die fit cost weigh 等动词不使用被动 8 theman cleanthetoiletbecausehe rubbishboutwhenthepolicewalkedpastthepark a wasmade wasseentothrowb wasmadeto wasseenthrowingc made saw see hearsb dosthbeseen heardtodosthsee hearsb doingsth beseen hearddoingsth makesb dosth bemadetodosth 主动 被动 主动 被动 主动 被动 9 childrenshould a takegoodcareofb betakengoodcarec betakengoodcareof 固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词 practisemakesperfect 熟能生巧 10 yourdesk a needsrepairb needsrepairingc needstorepair need可以用 ing形式表示被动needtobedone needdoing practice 1mustipayforitatonce it atonce 2wewillbuildanewlab anewlab 3theyaren tstoppingthetrafficnow thetraffic now 4howlonghaveyoukeptthebook howlong thebook must been paid for will be built isn t been stopping has been kept 5ifyourhomework do well youmaygotoplay 6mr greenwasseen grow trees 7theblackboardwas look carefullybythestudents 8theshipmodel be make intwodays isdone togrow lookedat will made translatethefollowingsentences 1 我们必须采取措施以阻止河流的进一步污染 something tostoptheriverfrombeingpollutedmore 2 世界上讲英语的人是最多的 english bythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld must be done is spoken 3 明年我校还要修一幢新教学楼 anothernewteachingbuilding inourschoolnextyear 4 中国南方种水稻 rice insouthchina 5 昨天爸爸给你买了一辆自行车 abike foryoubyyourfatheryesterday will be built is grown was bought 6 前天在街道拐弯处发生了一起车祸 acaraccident atthestreetcornerthedaybeforeyesterday happened 巩固训练 1 thekey forlockingtheclassroomdoor a usesb isusedc isusingd use2 anewschool overthereintwoyears a maybuiltb maybebuiltc isbuilt3 hewasmade yesterday a cryb tocryc cryingd tobecried4 theprc onoctober1 1949 a wasfoundb isfoundc wasfoundedd isfounded5 atalkonchinesehistory intheschoolhallnextweek a isgivenb hasbeengivenc willbegivend willgive b b b c c 1 theyplaybasketballintheirschool 改为同意句 basketball intheirschoolbythem 2 what shername canyoutellme 合为一句 canyoutellme 3 isawherrunintotheoldhousejustnow 改同意句 she runintotheoldhousejustnow 4 weshouldlistentotheteachercarefully 改同意句 theteachershould carefully us 5 don tplayfootballontheroad 改为同意句 football ontheroad isplayed whathernameis wasseento belistened must tbeplayed by 填空 完成被动语态填空 1 theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool 改为被动语态 theirclassroom often bythemafterschool 2 lileigavetomanewpenlastweek 同上 anewpen tomlastweek is cleaned wasgivenby practice 3 alotofpeopleinchinacanspeakenglishnow 同上 english byalotofpeopleinchinanow 4 ihavelearnedenglishforabouttwoyears 同上 english forabouttwoyears 5 theywillreadthesestory booksnextmonth 同上 thesestory books nextmonth canbespoken hasbeenlearned willberead 5 doyouliketheskirt it soft a isfeelingb feltc feelsd isfelt6 areyoustillhere youwerehereanhourago who for a areyouwaitingb didyouwaitc wereyouwaitingd doyouwait 7 toknowprofessorzhang a hesaidb isaidc heissaidd itsays8 iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow sorry already a ittookb ittakesc itistakingd ithasbeentaken 9 theletter threedaysagoandit yesterday a hadpost hadarrivedb wasposted arrivedc posted arrivedd hadbeenposted wasarrived10 hetoldmethatthefinalexamination nextthursday a isgivenb willbegivenc wouldhavegivend wouldbegiven 11 water intoice a willchangedb mustbechangedc shouldchanged canbechanged12 thebirds flyawaylastsaturday a lettob islettoc wasletd wereletto 13 astrangesound yesterdayevening a washeardb hearsc heardd isheard14 abeautifulbike himbyhisclassmates a senttob willsenttoc wassenttod willbesentfor 15 misschen just tospeakatthemeeting a has beenaskedb hasbeen askedc havebeen askedd have beenasked16 meat outinthisshop wecan now a havebeensold getnothingb hasbeensold getnothingc hasbeensold getsomed havebeensold getsome 17 thenewplay intheatrenow whydon tyougoinandseeit a isbeingshownb isshowingc isshownd shows18 canyoutell a whendidithappenb whenwasithappenedc whenithappenedd whenitwashappened 19 thejob bylucyorbyjohn a has finishedb has beingfinishedc is finishd has beenfinished 1 ourschool in2002 开办 2 theyoungtreesmust well 照顾 3 thisbuilding 建成 lastyear 4 thebook 写 byhimlastyear 5 thebridge 不建造 in1989 6 the29tholympicgameswill 举行 inukin2012 wasopened belookedafter was built waswritten wasn tbuilt beheld 完成下列句子 1 peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings knives forcuttingthings 2 thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth exercises areused are cleaned 变被动语态 3 ifoundtheticketonthefloor onthefloor 4 itoldhertoreturnthebookintime she toreturnthebookintime theticketwasfound wastold 5 hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday he onlytwomealsaday 6 nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem nowcomputers tohelp