空白的.doc

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Each of them is given four suggested answers a, b, c and d. You should choose the one BEST answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with your pencil.1A man is seated at a desk. Before him lie a pencil and a large pile of blank (空白的) paper. He picks up the pencil, closes his eyes, and attempts to draw a four-inch line. He repeats the exercises for several days, until he has drawn some 3,000 lines, all with his eyes closed. On the last day, he examines his work. The question is, how much improvement has there been in his ability to draw a four-inch line? How much has he learned from his effort? He found his ability to draw a four-inch line was no better on the last day than it had been on the first. The result of this experiment may seem clear to us today, but it was an effective way of doubting a belief widely held earlier in the 20th century, a belief that formed the very basis of education at the time: “Practice makes perfect.”It was this blind belief in practice that made countless hours of drill as a standard teaching technique . The experiment shows that practice in and of itself is not enough for learning. Based on this and other more formal studies, a conclusion is made that practice is important only in so far as it provides the opportunity for reinforcement (强化效应).To reinforce (加强) means to strengthen by providing certain kinds of feedback (反馈). This feedback, called reinforcement, involves things a person willingly seeks out. For example, we might teach a person to draw a four-inch line with his eyes closed simply by saying “good” each time the effort is within half an inch of the goal. Most people like to succeed, so this kind of feedback should be an effective way of reinforcing the correct practice. 1The purpose of drawing four-inch lines is to _B_.a. learn the skill of exact drawingb. test the belief: Practice makes perfectc. prove the practice of long time drilld. test the theory (理论)of reinforcement2The man failed to improve his ability because _C_.a. he did not have enough practiceb. he had not belief in blindnessc. practice alone was not enough d. the result of the practice was not clear3Which of the following is true about “reinforcement”? Da. Reinforcement is what people gain in practice. b. Reinforcement is what the teacher forces on the students. c. Reinforcement is the praise one gets when one reaches the goal.d. Reinforcement means strengthening in practice through feedback. 4The word “willingly” (Line 2, Para. 4) means _A_.a. eagerlyb. forced by outside worldc. prepared to do somethingd. powerfully 5How can a man improve his ability to draw four-inch lines according to the passage? Da. Do plenty of exercises with a good pen. b. Open his eyes while drawing. c. Begin with drawing half-an-inch lines. d. Give him encouragement (鼓励) when he is near the goal. 2 The key to your success is self-confidence (信心). Without it youll never achieve your goals. But you are not born with self-confidence. Every successful person from Bill Gates to Ted Turner will tell you that they achieved their goals because they always believed in themselves. They were not born with self-confidence- Ted Turner is an example. He created the belief in himself by never accepting anyone who doubted him. Today he is one of the richest men in the world. Self-confidence is something you can create and perfect. In fact, if you examined the track (道路) record of every successful person youd find that they failed more often than they succeeded. They didnt think over their failures. They focused on their goals, believed in themselves and pushed ahead. Friends, Ive traveled a long way from home. Im an Indian who was born in Kenya (肯尼亚), grew up in Canada and enjoyed a successful job in television news. I have been a reporter, a producer, and am always a public speaker. I have talked to thousands of people with ease. I have delivered the news live to millions of people. I could not do any of this if I did not have any self-confidence or did not believe in myself. In fact when I set out to become a reporter some people thought I was crazy. Why? Because no other Indian had been on television delivering the news. I was the first in Canada and the first in the United States. My point is that you can create your own self-confidence. If you really want to create self-confidence then you need to change the way your mind focuses on things. You need to teach yourself to create a new way of thinking and develop what I call a success vibration (震撼).1What is the main idea of this passage? Ba. Achieving anything is very important in ones life. b. Self-confidence is the most important thing for one to be successful. c. Every successful person is creative (有创新精神的).d. Successful people are the richest men in the world. 2According to the passage, what does the writer probably do? Ca. He is a mailman delivering letters. b. He is a writer writing the news live. c. He is a public speaker delivering the news on the television. d. He is a traveler touring many countries. 3at does the writer mean by saying that “I have talked to thousands of people with ease ”? Aa. I have interviewed many people without worry and difficulty. b. I have interviewed many people of the easy kind. c. I can talk to people by sitting in a comfortable position (位置).d. I have reported on many easy people. 4at does the sentence “They didnt think over their failures” mean? Ca. They couldnt understand how they failed. b. They didnt get rid (去除) of failure. c. They didnt pay attention to failure. d. They didnt remember their failure. 5at suggestion (建议) does the writer make? Da. To be successful, you have to travel a long way from home. b. Paying no attention to failure is the key to success. c. Delivering the news on TV is an easy way to succeed. d. To create self-confidence you need to create a new way of thinking. 3I got angry at Johnny this morning because I had to ask him five times to put his shoes on before we could get out the door to school. I was crying on the way because we were listening to the radio, hearing about what happened to the World Trade Center, and Pentagon （五角大楼）, and Maddie laughed to see me in tears; she thought it was funny. Johnny told her it wasnt funny and I could feel his anxiety rolling toward me from the back seat. Everything I think about today takes in the form of a cloud of smoke pouring out from the center, destroying everything. Ive seen it over and over on TV and now it appears again in my mind. We gathered in the schoolyard for songs and prayers （祈祷）. The mountains rose up beyond the children, and the flag hung against the pole at half mast（旗杆）. I kept picturing the second plane, like a bird or a dancer with arms open, and I felt the blow almost as if it had hit my own body. Then I want to go down on my knees like I do when my kids are hurt, and gather the wounded into my arms. I want the brave firefighters, even the tireless news reporters, to know that Im proud of them and Im grateful （感激的）for their efforts. I visited the World Trade Center once when I was a child. That was years ago. Now the sun is setting in the desert where the world Trade Center once stood, but now those towers have disappeared. What a long night this will be. I put aside all doubt in order to help those who suffer, and pray that God will indeed stand beside us, and guide us through the night with a light from above. 1What did the writer and her children do that morning? Da. Go out to play.b. Attend a parents meeting for her children. c. Show the children around the city. d. Gather in the schoolyard for songs and prayers. 2Why did Maddie laugh to see the writer in tears? Ba. She thought it was funny.b. She didnt understand what had happened. c. She thought the writer was just playing with her. d. All of the above. 3What is the main idea of the passage? Ca. the writer visited the World Trade Center when she was a little girl.b. The writer had no interest in the World Trade Center. c. The World Trade Center was attacked by a plane and fell down. d. The writer was angry with Johnny. 4The word desert (Para 3) most probably refers to _. Ca. a large area covered with sandb. a place no people would live in c. the place where World Trade Center used to be located （坐落于）d. a dirty place5How did the writer feel? Ba. Happy and excited.b. Angry and sad. c. Nervous and frightened.d. Regretful.4For once in a mans life, he would have to regard “defeat” as the strange forces that control events in life. And this defeat could well be turned around to something helpful if well dealt with. Mrs. Pat Mmakwe is one of the very few women who could actually manage a hopeless situation and turn it around to make the best of it. Having devoted 16 years to the civil (民航) service as a computer analyst (分析员), she felt all hope was lost for her. She explained: “I had worked with the Nigerian Airports Authority (管理局) for 16 years before I was fired in 1991. You know, as a computer analyst, I tried several times to see if I could go back but it didnt work out. Even some friends tried to help me get a job in some other places but it was so serious that all their efforts proved unsuccessful.”After all efforts to get a job somewhere else failed, she decided to look for something challenging (挑战性的) to do. Then, with her little knowledge of the fashion (时装) business which she had learned over the years from her mother and sisters, she decided to take action It was a noticeable success when on March 3, 200l, friends and well wishers gathered to celebrate the life of a successful fashion designer when she graduated as the second set of students from the school, Patty Creations School Of Textile (纺织品) and Fashion Designing. The event was a colorful one with Mrs. Mmakwe, the owner of Patty Creations, gracefully (优雅地) clothed in a well-designed dress showing her designs. Delivering a speech at that time, she expressed satisfaction in what she found herself doing and concluded that it was a big achievement for her. 1What did Mrs. Pat Mmakwe think of her job as a computer analyst? Ba. Its a success.b. Its a failure. c. Its nothing. d. Its something challenging. 2Why did she decide to do the fashion business? Aa. She failed in getting a new job after being fired. b. She was interested in the fashion business. c. Her mother and sister could give her a lot of help. d. She wanted to make a great achievement. 3What does the writer want to prove in this passage? Da. Fashion business is a challenging career. b. Being a computer analyst is not a good job for her. c. Being fired is a good thing. d. Sometimes failure is a turning point in ones life. 4Which of the following is NOT true? Ba. She got a little knowledge of the fashion business from her family. b. Mrs. Pat Mamkwe quit the job as a computer analyst because she wanted to find a new one. c. She wore a beautiful dress designed by herself when delivering a speech. d. Mrs. Pat Mmakwe is a good example to support the writers idea. 5What do we know from the this passage? Ca. Her mother was a successful designer. b. Many people wanted to be a fashion designer. c. Getting a job was very difficult. d. She didnt like to change the job again. 5In most American cities, the rent for a one-bedroom apartment（一门卧室的公寓） was $250 or more per month in recent years. In some smaller cities the rent was less, but in larger cities it was more. The most expensive rents in the U.S. were in New York City, where you had to pay at least $700 a month to rent a one-bedroom apartment in most parts of the city. Renters and city planners are worried about the high cost of renting apartments. Many cities now have rent-control laws to keep the cost of renting low. These laws help low-income（低收入的） families who cannot pay high rents. Many cities have rent-control laws, but why are rents so high? Builders and landlords （房主） blame rent controls for the high rents. Rents are high because there are not enough apartments to rent, and they blame rent controls for lack of apartments. Builders want more money to build more apartment buildings, and landlords want more money to repair their old apartment buildings. But they cannot increase rents to get this money because of the rent-control laws. As a result, landlords are not repairing their old apartments, and builders are not building new apartment buildings to take the place of the old apartment buildings. Builders are building apartments for high-income families, not low-income families, so low-income families not live in old apartments. Builders and landlords say that rent-control laws really hurt low-income families.Many renters disagree（不同意） with them. They say that rent control is not the problem. Even without rent controls, builders and landlords will continue to ignore low-income housing（住房） because they can make more money from high-income housing. The only answer, they think, is more rent control and government help for low-income housing. 1According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true?（D）a. In a small city, the rent for a one-bedroom apartment was less than $250.b. In most of the American cities the rent for a one-bedroom apartment was at least $250. c. New York has the highest rent for a one-bedroom apartment. d. In most American cities the rent for a one-bedroom apartment is at most $700. 2The purpose of the law mentioned（提到） in Paragraph 2 is _.（D）a. to help city builders with a low income solve（解决） the housing problemb. to help people who are not highly paid get a higher income c. to prevent city planners from living in the open aird. to prevent people with a low income from the difficulty of renting apartments 3What is the main idea in Paragraph 3?（C）a. The rent-control laws are harmful to low-income families. b. Builders and landlords have some responsibility（责任） for the high rents.c. Builders and landlords blame rent-control laws for the high rents. d. The rents are high for lack of enough apartment buildings. 4Which of the following is NOT the reason of high rents for apartment buildings according to builders and landlords?（B）a. Renters cannot find enough apartments to rent. b. Rent-control laws should be responsible（对有责任的） for the high rents. c. Builders and landlords are unable to increase rents to get more money for more buildings. d. Builders and landlords are interested in low-income buildings. 5What is the writers attitude (态度) toward the rent-control law in the last paragraph?（A）a. The law is not responsible for the high rents. b. The law is helpful to low-income people. c. The law is not concerned with low-income people. d. The law is only of benefit to the government. 6Many people believe that societys idea of crime (犯罪) is based on the way it is reported in newspapers. To examine whether there are differences in the amount of space that newspapers use to report crime stories, the New York Times and the new York Daily News were chosen for study. In all, 74 stories were examined closely by counting each piece of information that dealt with three factors (因素): the crime, the offender（罪犯）, and any actions taken by government officials in dealing the case. An examination of the information from the comparison of these three factors showed there were few differences between the two newspapers. Each newspaper gave nearly half of the total amount of information per story to report the details of the crime itself. The News gave a little more (51 percent) than the Times (49 percent), but this difference is too small to be important. In reporting information about the offender, the News gave 17 percent of its space, compared to the Times 15 percent, a difference that again is not large enough to be important. However, the examination of the results of the study showed that the Times gave a larger part of its stories (22 percent) to the official actions of the criminal justice systems (刑事司法系统) agents than did the News (16 percent). This difference is not large, but it is greater than those found for the other two. Therefore, newspapers that are considered “conservative（保守）,” such as the New York Times, may report more of what happens after the crime. Although other studies like this ought to be done to decide if these results are correct, for now it may be concluded that the publics idea of the criminal justice may be affected by newspapers.1Two newspapers are used to find out _. Da. whose stories are truerb. if crime stories are liked by the publicc. how much space each newspaper uses to report crime storiesd. whether the way a newspaper reports a crime can affect publics idea of it 2The Times gave _ of the total mount of information per story to report about the offender. Aa. 15%b. 17%c. 51% d. 49%3The biggest difference between these two newspapers in reporting crimes is _. C a. the details of the crime itselfb. the information about the offenderc. the official actions of the criminal justice systems agents d. the political voice4A reader of the Times may learn more of _. Aa. the real happeningb. the police actionsc. the opinions of the publicd. information of the offender 5This study of two newspapers _. C a. can totally prove the belief that publics idea may be influenced（影响）by newspapersb. is of no importancec. is productive（多产的）yet n