美国经济小论文纯英文.doc

As we know, the strongest economic country is America .Since we learned from the class we must have known more about it .Over the 200 years, from 1776 up to now, the country has advanced a lot and become the most eye-catching nation. To some extent, the United States is leading the times .Not even me, I think the majority of us, want to ask the same question “Why does the development of American economy go so leaps and bounds ?what advantages factors help them? And what we should do to develop our economy can catch up with them?” Americas rise has provided us with a lot of meaningful experience. We should learn from it and promote our own country. Of course, there are many other measures that contribute to the rise of America .Then I will explain the reasons in the following parts 1. Industrial revolution.Its no doubt that the developments of American economy are begin with industrial revolution. Science and technology are the first productivity and of great importance to the development of society. Without exception, Americas development largely depends on science and technology. The industrial revolutions were so important to it.There are five develop stage of industrial revolution.First development was the introduction of the factory system ,which gathered many workers together in one workplace and produced goods for distribution over a wide area .The first factory in the United States is generally dated to 1793. It was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, that combined carding, roving and spinning operation. An English man named Samuel Slater came to American to build a cotton cloth factory. He built the machinery from memory, because it was a crime to carry factory plant out of England. The success of Slaters factory started a process of change that turned the northeastern region of the United States into an important manufacturing center. The making of textiles also meant increased demand for cotton, grown in the southern region of the United States. As a result, the nation became a major cotton producer.Second development was the “American system” of mass production which originated in the firearms industry about 1800. The new system required precision engineering to create that were interchangeable. This, in turn, allowed the final product to be assembled in stages, each worker specializing in a specific operation. The cotton gin -that rapidly removed the seeds from the bolls of the cotton. The “moving assembly line” made possible a major saving in labor costs by improving efficiency. During the first half of the 20th century, mass production of consumer goods such as cars, refrigerators and kitchen ranges.Third development was the application of new technologies to industrial tasks. Large water wheels and water turbines drove the machinery of early factories. As the steam engine was perfected, it provided an alternative source of energy, first for mobile operations such as powering steamboats and locomotives, then for factories. The textile industry, the dominant American industry for many decades, completed the switch to steam power after 1860.The economic activity increased as a result of new inventions. Such as sewing machines, the telegraph, railroads, food-processing plant, the telephone, the perfection of the electric light bulb, the phonograph, the camera, moving picture and many others devices.The fourth development was the emergency of new forms of business organization, notably the bank and the cooperation, which facilitated the growth of industry. The first American commercial bank appeared in the 1780s and more banks soon followed. For many years, the only paper money consisted of “bank notes” that represented a particular banks promise to pay. Banking policy was highly controversial and early attempts to establish a national or central bank were short-lived. Not until 1863 did the United States create a truly national banking system with a standard paper currency.Then we can draw a conclusion as follows. In the first revolution, America went on very well because of its natural resources. And in a very short time, regional economy developed. It is deserved to be mentioned that the governments policies were so powerful, such as establishing national banks, encouraging technological advancement and so on. These really made great contributions to the nations rise.During the second revolution, Americans took the most use of new energies, such as electricity. On the one hand, it directly promoted the progress of heavy industry. On the other hand, it made mass production possible and laid a foundation for economic monopoly. It not only added a lot financial income but also strengthened the economic system. Whats more, the world science and technology center moved from Europe to America. Then, America began to lead the world industrial revolutions. The most meaningful reason for its improvement might be that Americans are good at absorbing advanced technology and innovating breakthroughs. Therefore, American productivity and enterprise management system are in continuous innovation process. As a result, in the science and technology, America has being playing a leading role around the world.2. Free enterpriseMost Americans think that the rise of their nation as a leading producer of manufactured goods, food and services could not occurred without the economic freedom capitalism-which many prefer to call free enterprise.A most important factor is capital. On my point of view, they can divide to two main parts. One is money borrower, the people who need money to buy the land and build the factory. As a result, investor appeared-the other part. They find that they could make money by lending it to those who wanted to start or to expand a business. That led to the creation of an important part of the current economic scene: the selling of stock, or shares, in a business. So the stock trading was greatly increased in the vigorous free-market climate of the young America.Then many places are called stock exchanges are appeared, the best-known is perhaps he New York Stock Exchange, located in the Wall Street area of New York City, the nations largest city and a major business center. The government has conducted many economic policies to promote the development .American lost no time in industrializing their new nation and in building trade with other countries .it attracts and absorb foreign investment, establishing a financial reserve system to make the market creative and powerful. Besides, Americans do well in paying attention to adjusting measures to economically underdeveloped areas. There they implement a diversified economy. Having experienced the Great Depression, the government strengthened the intervention to the market and improved the economic system.3. Conclusion The rise of the United States is a result of so many reasons from every aspect. However, the process is not as right as rain. America has faced quite a few difficulties and problems. Americans are not defeated. They just keep moving and creating their own mythologies.Although China is quite different from the United States, we Chinese can still learn from its exp