2019_2020学年高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionLesson3NaturalDisasters练习北师大版.docx

Lesson3NaturalDisasters课时过关即时巩固一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.The agricultural land is hilly and the (irrigate) is poor.答案:irrigation2.A few children will tend to suffer from (separate) from their parents.答案:separation3.A new railway is being (construct).答案:constructed4.They are focused on increasing their personal wealth by any (mean).答案:means5.In England,the (change) weather is a topic which is often talked about.答案:changeable二、短语填空earn ones livingwipe outin advanceget overa range of1.Before visiting him,I called him up .答案:in advance2.When he was very young,he began to by selling newspapers.答案:earn his living3.He is trying to the difficulty at present.答案:get over4.Whole villages were by the floods.答案:wiped out5.The two men discussed issues.答案:a range of三、阅读理解AThe Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.For thousands of years,Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru,far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter,a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island.However,because it was very remote,Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit,bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A ten-year civil war started,which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.Naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island.In fact,it was found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate,which is a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began mining the phosphate.A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground;it is a strip mine.When a company strip-mines,it removes the top layer of soil.Then it takes away the material it wants.Strip-mining totally destroys the land.Gradually,the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.In 1968,Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.Unfortunately,the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition,they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000,Nauru was almost financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.1.What might be the authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To seek help for Naurus problems.B.To give a warning to other countries.C.To show the importance of money.D.To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.解析:主旨大意题。文章第一段提到瑙鲁前后的变化以及该段最后一句“.othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.”可知作者的写作目的是为了引起其他国家的重视,以示警告。故选B项。答案:B2.What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?A.Rich and powerful.B.Modern and open.C.Peaceful and attractive.D.Greedy and aggressive.解析:细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“.usedtobeabeautifulplace.”以及第二段第一句“.livedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization.”可知瑙鲁在欧洲人到来之前是一个安静而美丽的地方。答案:C3.The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from .A.soil pollutionB.phosphate overminingC.farming activityD.whale hunting解析:细节理解题。文章第四段提到一家英国矿业公司发现瑙鲁含有丰富的磷酸盐后开始开采,第五段又说明了其实这种露天矿的开采破坏了土壤的表层,最终使得“thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon”。因此可以看出其生态灾难是由过度的采矿引起的,故B项正确。答案:B4.Which of the following was a cause of Naurus financial problem?A.Its leaders misused the money.B.It spent too much repairing the island.C.Its phosphate mining cost much money.D.It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“.theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.”可知领导人使用资金不当,致使瑙鲁陷入财政困难。故选A项。答案:A5.What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?A.The ecological damage is difficult to repair.B.The leaders will take the experts words seriously.C.The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.D.The phosphate mines were destroyed.解析:推理判断题。结合文章最后一段倒数第二句专家所说的修复瑙鲁(岛)需要花的钱和时间,以及最后一句“Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.”可以推断一旦造成生态破坏,是很难修复的。故选A项。答案:ABPeople all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution.Pollution is caused either by mans release of completely new artificial substances into the environment,or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance,such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives,is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance,or the ecological balance as is also known.Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed(处理)of.But while more and more new and complex goods are produced,there will be new,dangerous waste to be disposed of,for example,the waste products from nuclear power stations.Many people,therefore,see pollution as only part of a larger and more complex problem,that is,the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods.Others again see the problem mainly in connection with agriculture,where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more on their land to feed our ever-increasing population.However,the land itself is gradually becoming worn out as it is being used,in some cases,too heavily,and artificial fertilizers cannot restore the balance.Whatever its underlying reasons are,there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies,individuals and governments would make more efforts.In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste.Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of;drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused.This not only causes a litter problem,but also is a great waste of resources,in terms of glass,metals and paper.Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need,but also to throw away much of what we do buy.Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying,excessive consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.6.The main cause of pollution is .A.our ever-increasing populationB.increased amounts of a natural substanceC.the release of artificial or natural substances into the environmentD.the production of new industrial goods解析:由短文中心含义可知,污染的原因在于随意排放各种物质。原文第一段第二句清楚地说明了这一点。答案:C7.In the writers view,the more new goods are produced,.A.the less pollution there will beB.the harder pollution can be preventedC.the more easily pollution can be controlledD.the more pollution there will be解析:文中第二段首句表明我们在生产各种生活用品时,肯定会产生破坏生态平衡的废物。再由第二段第二、三句可见,生产的新产品越多,造成的污染就越大。答案:D8.Much of the pollution could be controlled if only .A.people would pay more attention to the problemB.governments would take effective measuresC.all sides concerned would make more effortsD.farmers would use less artificial fertilizers解析:由文中第三段第一句可知只有各方齐努力,才能控制污染。答案:C9.Many people see pollution as only part of .A.our daily lifeB.the environmental balanceC.the consumption of goods by manD.the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods解析:文中第二段第四句表明答案为D项。答案:D10.People can help solve the problem of pollution by .A.making anti-pollution advertisementsB.reducing unnecessary buying,excessive consumption and careless disposal of the products we useC.asking the governments to control the wasteD.cutting down the use of oil解析:由文中第三段最后一句话可知B项正确。答案:B四、完形填空War,money and power are a few things that countries and people are concerned about.Though I agree that 1 things are important,I believe that everyone should start to 2 more on a growing problemglobal warming.Global warming will not only 3 our country and our generation,but also the entire 4 and future generations.It is 5 because the weather has been a lot warmer over the past few years,which 6 the melting(融化) of the ice in the Antarctic.This will soon cause water levels to 7 and flood parts of the world.Many people 8 this problem because they feel as if they cant do anything about it and have more 9 things to worry about.If we all 10 so,then our ozone layer(臭氧层) will be 11 and the planet will no longer be able to make life continue to exist.We should do our best to limit the use of our planets 12 resources(资源) and keep our air clean.13,future generations will suffer from our 14.Some might feel that they cant stop global warming from 15.But if every single person does his or her part in keeping the air clean,then it will become a 16 effort.Sure,there are some things that cause pollution and that we wont be able to 17change.This may include cars burning oil,but we can 18 adjust some of these things.People can start carpooling(合伙用车),taking the bus,riding their bikes,or 19 just walking.If everyone takes 20 now,I believe we can start seeing remarkable results within a few years.1.A.oneB.someC.otherD.those解析:根据第一句中的“War,moneyandpower”及第二句中的things可知。答案:D2.A.dependB.focusC.hangD.remark解析:作者认为每个人都应更关注全球变暖问题。focuson.“注意力集中在”;dependon“依赖,依靠”;hangon“坚持,别挂断”;remarkon“对做出评论”。答案:B3.A.annoyB.interruptC.affectD.confuse解析:全球变暖不仅会影响到我们的国家和我们这一代人,还会影响annoy“使心烦”;interrupt“打断”;affect“影响”;confuse“使困惑”。答案:C4.A.worldB.continentC.industryD.climate解析:由句意的递进“全球变暖不仅会影响到我们的国家和我们这一代人,而且会影响全世界和下一代”可推断出;修饰词entire也暗示了这一点。world“世界”;continent“大陆,大洲”;industry“工业”;climate“气候”。答案:A5.A.failingB.completingC.changingD.occurring解析:因为在过去几年里气候不断变暖,温室效应一直在发生。fail“失败”;complete“完成”;change“改变”;occur“发生”。答案:D6.A.lies inB.results inC.suffers fromD.escapes from解析:全球变暖导致冰川融化。liein“在于”;resultin“引起,导致”;sufferfrom“遭受,患(病)”;escapefrom“逃离”。答案:B7.A.reduceB.riseC.dropD.move解析:冰川融化导致海平面“上升”。reduce“减少,降低”;rise“上升,升高”;drop“落下,掉下”;move“搬动,移动”。答案:B8.A.ignoreB.makeC.increaseD.discuss解析:因为他们觉得似乎他们不能做什么,故由语境可知应为忽视(ignore)。答案:A9.A.popularB.suitableC.importantD.difficult解析:人们认为他们对全球变暖这个问题不能做什么,他们觉得有更重要的事情要担心。popular“流行的”;suitable“适合的”;important“重要的”;difficult“困难的”。答案:C10.A.doB.keepC.likeD.find解析:承接上文,如果我们都这样做。do指代动词,指不关心全球变暖,而去担忧别的事情。答案:A11.A.protectedB.strengthenedC.destroyedD.surrounded解析:臭氧层遭到破坏,人类就不能在地球上生存。protect“保护”;strengthen“增强”;destroy“破坏”;surround“环绕”。答案:C12.A.unlimitedB.naturalC.recycledD.industrial解析:我们应尽力限制使用我们星球上的自然资