英美文学作家及其作品.doc

。Edmund Spenser The faerie QueeneChristopher Marlowe克利斯朵夫.马洛Tamburlaine/Dr.Faustus/ The Jew of MaltaWilliam Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth /Romeo and Juliet/Sonnet 18:shall i compare three to a summers dayFrancis Bacon弗兰西斯.培根The Advancement of Learning/Novum Organum /Of Studies John Donne约翰.邓恩The Songs and SonnetsGeorge Herbert virtue:sweet day, so cool,so calm,so brightBen John Song-To Celia:drink to me only with thine eyesRobert Herrick To the Virgins,to Make Much of Time:gather ye rosebuds while ye mayJohn Milton约翰.弥尔顿 Paradise Lost/Paradise Regained/Samson AgonistesJohn Bunyan约翰.班扬 The Pilgrims Progress天路历程Jonathan Swift乔纳森.斯威夫特A Modest Proposal/Gullivers Travels/A Tale of a Tub /The Battle of the BooksAlexander Pope 亚历山大.蒲伯 An Essay on Criticism /The Rape of the LockDaniel Defoe丹尼尔.笛福 Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记Henry Fielding亨利.费尔丁 The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling/The History of Jonathan Wild the GreatSamuel Johnson塞缪尔.约翰逊A Dictionary of the English LanguageRichard Brinsley Sheridan理查.比.谢立丹The Rivals /The School for ScandalThomas Gray托马斯.格雷“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” 写在教堂墓地的挽歌Robert Burns罗伯特彭斯A Red,Red Rose:o,my luves like a red,red roseWilliam Blake威廉布莱恩Marriage of Heaven and Hel/songs of Experience/Songs of Innocence;when my mother die i was very youngWilliam Wordsworth威廉.华兹华斯Robert Southey and Coleridgeas the “Lake Poets”Lyrical Ballads.抒情歌谣集/The Prelude序曲/“i wondered londly as a CloudSamuel Taylor Coleridge塞.泰.科勒律治Kubla Khan/The NightingaleGeorge Gordon Byron乔治.戈登.拜伦Childe Harolds Pilgrimage恰尔德.哈罗德游记Don Juan/She Walks in Beauty/Song for the Luddites:as the libery lads oer the seaPercy Bysshe Shelley柏.比.雪莱“Ode to the West Wind”/Prometheus Unbound/Queen Mab/The Cenci/A Song:Men of EnglandJohn Keats约翰.济慈 Ode on Melancholy/“Ode on a Grecian Urn”/“Ode to a Nightingale”/“Ode a Psyche”/ “To Autumn”:season of mists and mellow fruitfulness Jane Austen 简.奥斯汀Sense and Sensibility/Pride and Prejudice/Emma/Persuasion / Mansfield ParkCharles Dickens查尔斯狄更斯The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club /liver Twist/A tale of two Cities/ Great ExpectationsCharlotte Bronte夏洛蒂.布朗蒂Jane EyreEmily Bronte艾米丽.布朗蒂 Wuthering Heights Anne Bronte安妮.布朗蒂Agnes GreyAlfred Tennyson阿尔弗雷德.丁尼生Idylls of the King国王诗歌集Thomas Hardy托马斯.哈代Jude the Obscure/Tess of the DUrbervilles:her narrative endedGeorge Bernard Shaw乔治萧伯纳Widowers House /Mrs. Warrens Profession/Caesar and Cleopatra/St. Joan/Back to Methuselah/Pygmalion卖花女John Galsworthy约翰.高尔斯华绥The forsyte saga/The Man of Property/Form the Four windsWilliam Butler Yeats威廉.巴特勒.叶芝The Lake Lsle of Innisfree/The Wind Among the ReedsT.S.Eliot 埃略特The Waste Land/The Four Quartets /“The Love Song of J. Alfred PrufrockJames Joyce詹姆斯.乔伊斯Ulysses尤利西斯D.H.Lawrence戴维.伯特.劳伦斯Sons and Lovers. /The Rainbow / Women in LoveWilliam Golding威廉戈尔丁 Lord of the Flies 蝇王Samuel Beckett 赛缪尔贝尔特 Waiting for Godot等待戈多Dylan Thomas狄兰托马斯 Death and Entrances死亡与出场Ted Hughes特德休斯Hawk in the Rain 雨中鹰Seamus Heaney谢默斯希尼 Death of a Naturalist一位自然主义者之死Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon/Rip van WinkleEdgar Allan Poe埃德加坡 The Goldbug/Muders in the Rue MorgueRalph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默生 Nature/The America Scholar/Walden Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳萨尼尔。霍桑The Scarlet LetterHerman Melville赫尔曼.麦尔维尔Moby-DickWalt Whitman华尔特.惠特曼 Leaves of Grass/ “Song of Myself.”OHenry欧亨利 The Four Million/The Gift of Magi/the cop and the anthem/the heart of the westHenry James亨利.詹姆斯 The Portrait of LadyTheodore Dreiser西奥多.德莱塞 Sister Carrie/An American tragedy Robert Lee Frost罗伯特.弗洛斯特 New Hampshire/Fire and Ice:some say the world will end in fire/The Road Not Taken/Stoppong by woods on a Snowy EveningEzra Pound埃兹拉.庞德 The Cantos/In a Station of the Metro:the apparition of these faces in the crowdWilliam Carlos William威廉卡洛斯 Paterson/A Red Wheelbarrow:so much dependsLangston Hughes兰斯顿休斯 Dreams:hold fast to dreamsErnest Hemingway欧内斯特.海明威A Farewell Arms、 Whom the Bell Tolls /The Old Man and the Sea/The Sun Also Rises F.Scott Fitzgerald司格特.菲兹杰拉德 The Great GatsbyWilliam Faulkner威廉.福克纳 The Sound and the Fury/The Fable/Light in August/Absalom, Absalam/ Go Down, Moses.Epic:A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Sonnet十四行诗A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.Hemingway Hero Men can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually.Renaissance文艺复兴The Renaissance, which means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion.Humanism人文主义 It emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced theirbeliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.Romanticism (浪漫主义): 1)a movement in literature, philosophy, music and art from late 18th century to early 19th century in Europe. 2)emphasized individual values and aspirations above those of society. 3)the characteristics of Romanticism:Passion / emotion, Individualism Neoclassicism新古典主义1) A revival of interest in the old classical works. 2）All forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers & those of the contemporary French ones. 3）The artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion & accuracy, & that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. The enlighteners also advocated universal education.4）They believed that human beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education. Hemingway HeroMen can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually.Modernism现代主义It is a general term applied to the wide range of experimental trends in the literature of the early 20th century, including symbolism, imagism, stream of consciousness, etc.Heroic couplet英雄偶句诗It is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. The rhyme is always masculine.Byronic heroIts an idealized but flawed character exemplified in the life and writings of Lord Byron.Bildungsroman教育小说It is a novel of growth or development, telling a story about a young person growing from innocence to experience and from immaturity to maturity.Stream of consciousness:意识流It is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an individuals point of view by giving the written equivalent of the characters thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions.Adventures of Huckleberry: “Huck”, a typical American can Boy whom its creator described as a boy with “a sound heart and a deformed conscience”. Through the eyes of Huck, the innocent and reluctant rebel, we see the pre-Civil War American society fully exposed and at the same time we are deeply impressed by Mark Twains thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization. The climax arises with Hucks inner struggle on the Mississippi, when Huck is polarized by the two opposing and the laws of the society against those who help slaves escape. Hemingway once described the novel the one book from which “all modern American literature comes.” The profound portrait of Huckleberry Finn is another great contribution of the book to the legacy of American literature.“The Great Gatsby” was a devastating portrait of the so-called American Dream, which measured success and love in terms of money. -At the end of the story, Nick broods over Gatsbys dream and decides to go back home to the West. Gatsby is a mythical figure whose intensity of dream partakes of a state of mind that embodies America itself. Gatsbys failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the American Dream.What is the literary characteristics of Neoclassicism1)All forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers and those of the contemporary French ones.2) Neoclassicists had some fixed laws &rules for almost every genre of literature, prose should be precise, direct, smooth & flexible. Poetry should be lyrical, epical, didactic, satiric or dramatic, & each class should be guided by its own principles. 3) Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space & action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to & type characters rather than individuals should be represented.The literary characteristics of American modern literature.(1)Theme: In general terms, much serious literature written from 1912 onwards attempted to convey a vision of social breakdown and moral decay and the writers task was to develop techniques that could represent a break with the past. Thus, the defining formal characteristics of the modernistic works are discontinuity and fragmentation. (2) Technical experimentation: An awareness of the irrational and the workings of the unconscious mind are pervasive in much modernistic writing. It rejected the traditional framework of narrative, description, and rational exposition in poetry and prose, in favor of a stream of consciousness presentation of personality, a dependence on the poetic image as the essential vehicle of aesthetic communication, and upon myth as a characteristic structural principle.(3) Compared with earlier writings, modern American writings are notable for what they omit . Modern American writers in general emphasize the concrete sensory images or details as the direct conveyer of experience. They strive for directness, compression, and vividness and are sparing of words. Modern fiction prefer suggestiveness and tend to employ the first person narration or limit the reader to the central consciousness or one characters point of view. This limitation accorded with the modernistic vision that truth does not exist objectively but is the product of a personal interaction with reality. As a result, the effect of modern American writings is surprising, unsettling, and shocking.The literary characteristics of the Realistic Period in American literature.1. Guided by the principle of adhering to the truthful treatment of life, the realists touched upon various contemporary social and political issues. 2. In their works, they introduced industrial workers and farmers, ambitious businessmen and vagrants, prostitutes and unheroic soldiers as major characters in fiction. 3. They approached the harsh realities and pressures in the post-Civil War society either by a comprehensive picture of modern life in its various occupations, c1ass stratifications and manners, or by a psychological exploration of mans sub-consciousness. 4. The three dominant figures of the period are William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James. Together they brought to fulfillment native trends in the realistic portrayal of the landscape and social surfaces, brought to perfection the vernacular style, and explored and exploited the literary possibilities of the interior life.What are the characteristics of Victorian literature?1. As a product of its age, it naturally took on its quality of magnitude and diversity. It was many-sided and complex, and reflected romantically and realistically the great changes that were going on in peoples life and thought. 2. Victorian literature has the high-spirted vitality, the down-to-earth earnestness , the good-natured humor and unbounded imagination are all unprecedented.What are the basic characteristics of Modernism in literature?1.Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. One characteristic of English Modernism is the dehumanization of art. 2.The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. 3.The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective. They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. In their writings, the past, the present and the future are mingled together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.The father of English poety 英国诗歌之父 乔叟The pioneer of English drama 马洛The father of America shor