自考英美文学选读课件(超级完整版).ppt

AnthologyofEnglishandAmericanLiterature 英美文学选读 Whatisliterature Isitnecessaryorimportantinmodernsociety 什么是文学 今天我们还需要文学吗 主讲内容 一 考试主要题型 特点和应考策略 二 以讲解关键词的方法作全书梳理 包括各个时期重要的文学理念 核心观点 三 结合真题对重点作家做总结和预测 第一讲 考试题型分析及应考策略 一 考试题型分析1 选择题 40 25 40 22 英国 18 美国 主要考查 基本知识点 理解 10 趋势 选择题难度上升 主观题难度下降 2 阅读 4 4 要求指出 A 作者和作品出处 1分 B 作品中具体某个词或词组的确切意义 1分 C 表述该选段的思想内容 2分 09年真题 41 WhereforefeedandclotheandsaveFromthecradletothegraveThoseungratefuldroneswhowouldDrainyoursweat nay drinkyourblood Questions A Identifythepoetandthetitleofthepoemfromwhichthestanzaistaken B WhatfigureofspeechisusedinLine2 C Whomdoes drones referto 3 简答 6 4 内容的跨越比较大 既有阅读理解部分的延伸 也有某一时期的文学思潮 还有对某一断代史的简论 答对率非常低 4 讨论 2 10 考查 文学流派与作家解析 作品主题 人物 情节 叙事方法等分析 二 应试技巧 主观题 基本方法 核心观点 实际问题答题时最好用A B C或123等符号将答案分割成几点 英文的书写与拼写语法 做简答题或论述题的答题要点 A 关于历史时期的介绍1 时间 来源 0 5分 1分 2 历史背景 不需要扩充 1 2分 3 该时期中最重要的创作思想以及影响该时期的大背景 2 3分 4 代表作家以及代表作品简介 1分 5 影响 0 5 1分 B 论述题中人物性格分析的答题要点 1 利用题目发挥 0 5 1分 2 该任务的代表时期 属于哪个阶层 1 2分 3 作品中人物经历的有关情节 2 3分 4 该人物的直接性格分析 1 2分 5 该人物的文学性格分析 3 4分 6 作用 影响 语言风格等 0 5 1分 C 论述题中关于作家的分析1 利用题目发挥 0 5 1分 2 该作家所处的历史背景 1 2分 3 该作家的语言风格 1 2分 4 该作家说写的典型作品及创作主题 2 3分 5 关于典型作品的有关情节 1 2分 6 影响 0 5 1分 英美文学选读答题套语 Sb launchespossiblythesharpestandthefiercestattackupontheveryfoundationsofthecorruptfeudalism capitalistworld Thepenetratinghitattheveryheartofcapitalismisdrivenhome nootherthan nothingmorethan isdiscernible Lengthyaccountsaregivento Sb perceptivelystatesthat Sth bearssomeresemblancewith drawsinfluencefrom inessenceprolificplayapivotalrolein Thesignificanceof liesratherintheportrayalof Itaffordsthereadersawholegalleryofvividportraitsofthepeopleofallstratum givesanencyclopediccreationof showsagenuinesympathyfor everycharacterone screativefingertouchedcamealive leavesunforgettableimpressionsonthereaders mind Thegreathumoristsoftheworldarefewinnumber andMarkTwainisofthatchoicecompany 评分标准 1 答出参考答案多数要点且某些要点有较好发挥 可给满分 2 考生答非所问不给分 3 内容和语言综合考虑 语言表达不好的要适当扣分 原则如下 a 语言通顺 表达清楚 语法错误和拼写错误很少 基本根据内容评分 b 语言基本通顺 有少数语法错误和拼写错误 扣该题分值的20 c 语言不通顺 表达不连贯 有较多语法错误和拼写错误 扣该题分值的40 d 语言很不通顺 无法表达连贯的意思 扣该题分值的60 常考不衰的重点 文艺复兴的文学特色及其核心作家 英国浪漫主义与美国浪漫主义 自然主义 意象主义 现实主义 现代主义 英国 必考的作家 Shakespeare Milton Defoe Fielding Shelley Austen Dickens Hardy T S Eliot Hawthorne Whitman MarkTwain Dreiser Pound Hemingway Faulkner 考过的是否会重考 1 任何考题都有可能在其他题型中重考 2 选择题有可能重考 3 考过的问答题不会重考 但同一作家可重考 复习建议 把握英国重点部分 死记美国所有部分1 思考 理解 2 比较记忆和联想记忆 关键词个章节时代介绍 重要引语 作家作品名称的拼写 参考资料 原教材辅导书 近5年真题 最新考纲要求 调整后的 英美文学选读自学考试大纲 将于2009年4月考试试行 一 关于考核知识点的调整考核知识点中的各章概述内容仍为考核内容 对知识点中的作家只保留对如下主要作家的考核 二 关于考核要求的调整考核要求中每章概述内容不作调整 该时期的重要作家 只包含对考核知识点中保留的重要作家的相关内容的考核 5分钟巧记所有作家 英国小沙弥在看非州的Swift吹笛子 布来克 澳雪 在旁边 华华叫 吵得 狄更斯和哈代不得安宁 气得 萧伯纳踢死 T S 了劳伦斯美国挥霍的梅姑娘 看见 James骑马D答D答响 后面跟着 肥仔老罗和发福的海明威 大纲调整后的特点 二 大纲调整后的特点 一 新大纲更加突出了英美各个文学时期的时代特点 如 文艺复兴时期的戏剧和诗史 浪漫主义时期的诗歌等 从这个意义上讲 命题的重点突出了 二 新大纲中考核的作家 都是每一个文学时期文学潮流的最具代表性的作家 都是对该时期文学的发展起到决定作用的作家 从这个意义上讲 命题的焦点集中了 三 新大纲中所保留的作家的作品大多是广大考生耳熟能详的作品 从这个意义上讲 考试的难度降低了 三 大纲调整后的复习方法 一 概述 考试大纲调整以后 可命题的作家的数量减少了 但命题的深度会增加 同时 由于作家数量的减少 这也意味着在每一章的概述部分和作品选读部分的命题点会增多 二 每章概述部分的复习重点在对这部分的复习中 重点关注每一个文学时期的界定以及其标志性事件 另外每一个文学时期的时代特点和突出文学成就也是考查的重点 还有本时期同时存在的文学流派的特点也是重点内容 三 每章重点作家的复习重点作家的文学史上的地位和贡献 作家的代表作以及代表作的中心大意和所反映的社会现实 作家的写作风格和写作特点也是命题的重点 四 每章作品选读的复习重点作品选读前面的斜体字部分的简介和概括 作品中的名句 作品选读中的注释部分 小说作品中的人物关系 第二讲 英美文学的发展脉络 TheRenaissancePeriod 1 Itmarksatransitionfrom tothe world 2 Itreferstotheperiodbetween and 3 a revivalorrediscoveryofancientGreekandRomanculture b introductionofHumansim c newideasprosandconsintheinterestoftherisingbourgeoisie d thedevelopmentofearlyscience e thereligiousReformationorreligiousstruggleinthefolklife f theshapingofnationalism Humanisma Emphasisofmanandindividual manisthemeasureofallthings b HumaniststrytoexalthumannatureandregardhumanbeingsasgloriouscreaturescapableofIndividualdevelopmenttowardperfectionwithlifetoquestion exploreandenjoy c Emphasisofhumanvalues dignity ambitionsandthepresentliferatherthantheafterlife TheAchievementoftheElizabethanDrama 1 ItistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance ItisnotuntiltheElizabethanage undertheinfluenceoftheRenaissance thatdramawasdevelopedintoamatureartform Andgreatdramatistslike appearedonthestage 2 Byimitatingtheromances embracingthemysteriesofGermanlegend andcombingthepoeticfancywiththefactsofdailylife theymadeavividdepictionofthesharpconflictsbetweenfeudalismandtherisingbourgeoisie 3 Thedrama with asthemaster standsoutasamonumentoftheRenaissance whichisunrivaledforpurecreativepowerbyanyotherproductofthatepoch Representatives Chaucer Spenser Marlowe Shakespeare Bacon JohnDonne JohnMilton TheNeoclassicalPeriod Startsfrom to The18thcenturyEnglandisalsoknownastheageof ortheageof Howtodefine1 TheEnlightenmentMovement2 Neoclassicism3 theRealisticNovelWhatistheliterarycharacteristicsofNeoclassicism Neoclassicism 1 Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks AllformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreek Romanwriters thoseofthecontemporaryFrenchones Theartisticidealsshouldbeorder logic restrainedemotion accuracy thatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity Seekproportion unity harmony graceinliteraryexpressions inanefforttodelight instruct correcthumanbeings primarilyassocialanimals Thus apolite urbane witty intellectualartdeveloped TheEnlightenmentMovement 1 The18th centuryEnglandisknownastheAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason 2 AprogressiveintellectualmovementwhichflourishedinFrance sweptthroughthewholeWesternEuropeatthetime 3 ThemovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15th 16thcenturies 4 Toenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodemphilosophical artisticideas 5 celebratingreasonorrationality equality science 6 FamousamongthegreatenlightenersinEnglandwerethosegreatwriterslikeJohnDryden Alexanderpope soon theRealisticNovel Anewlyrisingliteraryformcontrarytothetraditionalromanceofaristocrats GivesarealisticpresentationoflifeofthecommonEnglishpeople IsanaturalproductoftheIndustrialRevolutionAmongthepioneerswereDanielDefoe SamuelRichardson HenryFielding LaurenceSterne TobiasCreorgeSmollott OliverGoldsmith WhatistheliterarycharacteristicsofNeoclassicism 1 AllformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreekregularityinconstructionshouldbeadheredto typecharactersratherthanindividualsshouldberepresented Representatives JohnBunyan Pope Defoe Swift Fielding Johnson Sheridan Gray TheRomanticPeriod 1 EnglishRomanticismisgenerallysaidtohavebegunin withthepublicationofof andtohaveendedin 2 Culturalbackground TheideasofRousseau B Theliterarysources TheRomanticMovementexpressedamoreorlessnegativeattitudetowardtheexistingsocialandpoliticalconditionsthatcamewithindustrializationandthegrowingimportanceofthebourgeoisie C Theliteraryviews 1 arebellionagainstneo classicism 2 expressonimagination 3 prioritiesbeengiventopassion emotionandfeeling 4 beingclosetonatureforitspuritywhilethesocietyiscorrupting 5 tremendousinterestinsomethingremoteintermofspaceandtime 6 supremacyoffreedom 3 Literaryforms A PoetryA TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry Blake Wordsworth Coleridge Byron ShelleyandKeatsarethemajorRomanticpoets Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution B Theoryofpoetrya Theyexplorednewtheoriesandinnovatednewtechniquesinpoetrywriting b Theysawpoetryasahealingenergy thebelievedthatpoetrycouldpurifybothindividualsoulsandthesociety c Thenaturalworldcomestotheforefrontofthepoeticimagination Natureisnotonlythemajorsourceofpoeticimagery butalsoprovidesthedominantsubjectmatter d Romanticsalsotendtobenationalistic B ProseTheRomanticperiodisalsoagreatageofprose Coleridge Hazlitt Lamb andDeQuinceyweretheleadingfigures C NovelA Austenisofthe18th centuryinhermoraloutlook Herviewoflifeisatotallyrealisticone Themajorthemeofhernovelsisloveandmarriage B WalterScottisthemostpopularnovelistofhisday Waverley OldMartality TheHeartofMidlothian RobRoy andIvanhoeareamongthemostpopularonesofhisnovels Heisthefirstmajorhistoricalnovelist C Gothicnovel a Nature Gothicnovel atypeofromanticfictionthatpredominatedinthelateeighteenthcentury wasonephaseoftheRomanticmovement b Subjectmatters Itsprincipalelementsareviolence horror andthesupernatural c Works WorkslikeTheMysteriesofUdolphobyAnnRadcliffeandFrankensteinbyMaryShelleyaretypicalGothicromance D DramaShelley sPrometheusUnboundandTheCenci Byron sManfredandColeridge sRemorsearegenerallyregardedasthebestverseplaysduringthisperiod HowisRomanticismdifferentfromNeoclassicism a Neoclassicistsupheldthatartisticidealsshouldbeorder logic restrainedemotionandaccuracy andthatliterature shouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity andthus literaryexpressionsshouldbeofproportion unity harmonyandgrace b Romanticismtendedtoseetheindividualastheverycenterofallexperience includingart andthus literaryworkshouldbe spontaneousoverflowofstrongoffeeling thevalueoftheworklinkliedintheaccuracyofpresentingthoseuniquefeelingsandparticularaltitude c Inaword NeoclassicismemphasizedrationalityandformbutRomanticismattachedgreatimportancetotheindividual smind emotion imagination temporaryexperience Representatives WilliamBlake WilliamWordsworth Coleridge Byron Shelley Keats Austen TheVictorianPeriod 1 TheVictorianPeriodroughlycoincideswiththereignofQueenVictorianfrom1836to1901 themostgloriousintheEnglishhistory 2 Towardsthemid 19thcentury Englandhadreacheditshighlypointofdevelopmentasaworldpower 3 Darwin sTheoriginofspeciesandTheDescentofManshooktheoreticalbasicoftraditionalfaith 4 FamousnovelistslikeCharlesDickens WilliamMakepeaceThackery CharlotteBronte EmilyBronte Mrs GaskellandAnthonyTrollope WhatarethecharacteristicsofVictorianliterature Asaproductofitsage itnaturallytookonitsqualityofmagnitudeanddiversity Itwasmany sidedandcomplex andreflectedromanticallyandrealisticallythegreatchangesthatweregoingoninpeople slifeandthought Victorianliteraturehasthehigh spirtedvitality thedown to earthearnestness thegood naturedhumorandunboundedimaginationareallunprecedented WhatwerethecommonthingssharedbythenovelistsofVictorianPeriod Althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewandwithdifferenttechniques thenovelistsofthisagesharedonethingincommon thatis theywereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople Theywereangrywiththeinhumansocialinstitutiions thedecayingsocialmorality WhatweretheliterarycharacteristicsofEnglishcriticalrealism Englishcriticalrealismofthe19thcentury flourishedinthefortiesandintheearlyfifties ThecriticalrealistsdescribedwithmuchvividnessandartisticskillthechieftraitoftheEnglishsocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint Therealistsnotonlygaveasatiricalportrayalofthebourgeoisieandalltheruiningclasses butalsoshowedprofoundsympathyforthecommonpeople HumorandsatireaboundintheEnglishrealisticnovelsofthe19thcentury Thecriticalrealistsdidnot duetotheirworldoutlook andcouldnotfindawaytoeradicatesocialevils Representatives Dickens TheBronteSisters Tennyson RobertBrowning GeorgeEliot ThomasHardy TheModernPeriod Thesocial ideologicalbackgroundoftheModernEnglishLiterature TheinfluencesofthetwoWorldWarsonEnglishliterature Ideologically theriseoftheirrationalphilosophyandnewsciencegreatlyincitedmodernwriterstomakenewexplorationsonhumannaturesandhumanrelationships So aftertheFirstWorldWar allkindsofliterarytrendsofmodernismappeared AftertheSecondWorldWar avarietyofmodernism orpost modernism likeexistentialistliterature theateroftheabsurd newnovelsandblackhumor rosewiththespuroftheexistentialistideathat theworldwasabsurd andthehumanlifewasanagony 2 WhatisModernism A Modernismwasacomplexanddiverseinternationalmovementinallcreativearts originatingabouttheendofthe19thcentury B Modernismroseoutofskepticismanddisillusionofcapitalism C Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho analysisasitstheoreticalbase D Modernismis inmanyaspects areactionagainstrealism WhatarethebasiccharacteristicsofModernisminliterature Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho analysisasitstheoreticalbase OnecharacteristicofEnglishModernismis thedehumanizationofart Themajorthemesofthemodernistliteraturearethedistorted alienatedandillrelationshipsbetweenmanandnature manandsociety manandman andmanandhimself Themodernistwritersconcentratemoreontheprivatethanonthepublic moreonthesubjectivethanontheobjective Theyaremainlyconcernedwiththeinnerbeingofanindividual Intheirwritings thepast thepresentandthefuturearemingledtogetherandexistatthesametimeintheconsciousnessofanindividual WhydowesayModernismisareactionagainstRealism Modernismis inmanyaspects areactionagainstrealism Itrejectsrationalism whichisthetheoreticalbaseofrealism A Itexcludesfromitsmajorconcerntheexternal objective materialworld whichistheonlycreativesourceofrealism B Byadvocatingafreeexperimentationonnewformsandnewtechniquesinliterarycreation itcastsawayalmostallthetraditionalelementsinliteraturesuchasstory plot character chronologicalnarration etc whichareessentialtorealism Asaresult theworkscreatedbythemodernistwritersareoftenlabeledasanti novel anti poetryandanti drama HowdoyoudefineModernEnglishPoetry The20thcenturyhaswitnessedagreatachievementinEnglishpoetry A Intheearlyyears thepoemsofPoundandEliotandYeatsmarkedtheriseof ModernPoetry whichwasarevolutionagainsttheconventionalideasandformsoftheVictorianpoetry B Withthecomingofthe1950s therewasareturnofrealisticpoetryagain advocatingreason moraldisciplineandtraditionalforms HowdoyoudefineModernEnglishnovels Thefirstthreedecadesof20thcenturyweregoldenyearsofthemodernistnovel Instimulatingthetechnicalinnovationsofnovelcreation thetheoryoftheFreudianandJungianpsycho analysisplayedaparticularlyimportantrole Oneoftheremarkablefeaturesoftheirwritingswastheircontinuousexperimentationonnewandsophisticatedtechniquesinnovelwriting whichmadetremendousimpactsonthecreationofbothrealisticandmodernistnovelsinthiscentury Modernistnovelscametoadeclineinthe1930s AftertheSecondWorldWar modernismhadanotherupsurgewiththeriseofexistentialismwhichwasreflectedmainlyindrama Thedevelopmentof20thcenturyEnglishdrama A Themostcelebrateddramatistsinthelastdecadeofthe19thcenturywereOscarWildeandGeorgeBernardShaw who inasense pioneeredthemoderndrama thoughtheydidnotmakesomanyinnovationsintechniquesandformsasmodernistpoetsornovelists B The1930switnessedarevivalofpoeticdramainEngland OneoftheearlyexperimenterswasT S Eliotwhoregardeddramaasthebestmediumofpoetry C TheEnglishdramaticrevolution whichcameinthe1950sundervariousEuropeanandAmericaninfluences developedintwodirections theworking classdramaandtheTheaterofAbsurd Representatives BernardShaw Galsworthy Yeats T S Eliot Lawrence JamesJoyce AmericanLiterature TheRomanticPeriod TheRomanticPeriod oneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature stretchesfromthetheendofthe totheoutbreakof Itstartedwiththepublicationof andendedwith Itisalsocalled A TheRomanticmovementwhichhadflourishedearlierinthecenturybothinEnglandandEuropeprovedtobeadecisiveinfluencewithoutwhichtheupsurgeofAmericanRomanticismwouldhardlyhavebeenpossible B Althoughforeigninfluenceswerestrong Americanromanticism exhibitedfromtheveryoutsetdistinctfeaturesofitsown Americanromanticismwasinessencetheexpressionof arealnewexperience andcontained analienquality C PuritaninfluenceoverAmericanromanticismwasconspicuouslynoticeable D ThemostclearlydefinedRomanticliterarymovementintheperiodisNewEnglandTranscendentalism 美国文学特点 pluralistic多元化 manifestations表现形式 Varied多样 Individualistic个人主义 Conflicting矛盾Romanticism的特点 frequentlysharedcertaingeneralcharacteristics moralenthusiasm faithinthevalueofindividualismandintuitiveperception andapresumptionthatthenaturalworldwasasourceofgoodnessandman ssocietiesasourceofcorruption 浪漫主义之间大部分是相通的 都注重道德 强调个人主义价值观和直觉感受 并且认为自然是美的源头 人类社会是腐败之源 WhatisTranscendentalism a asamoralphilosophy transcendentalismwasneitherlogicalnorsystematized Itexaltedfeelingoverreason individualexpressionovertherestraintsoflawandcustom 不讲逻辑 不讲系统 只强调超越理性的感受 超越法律和世俗束缚的个人表达 b theyspokeforculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety 呼吁文化复兴 反对美国社会的拜金主义 C theybelievedinthetranscendenceof Oversoul anall pervadingpowerforgoodnessfromwhichallthingscomeandofwhichallthingsareapart 相信精神上的超越 相信无所不能的善的力量 强调善为万物之源 d itcouldexerciseahealthyandrestorativeinfluenceonthehumanmind Gobacktonature sinkyourselfbackintoitsinfluenceandyou llbecomespirituallywholeagain Thenaturalimplicationofallthiswas ofcourse thatthingsinnaturetendedtobecomesymbolic andthephysicalworldwasasymbolofthespiritual ThisinturnaddedtothetraditionofliterarysymbolisminAmericanliterature f representatives Emerson爱默生 believedthatmanwasapartofabsolutegood 人性本善Thoreau梭罗 behelddivinityinthe unspottedinnocence ofnature 自然才是神圣的 洁白无瑕 Representatives Irving Emerson Hawthorne Whitman Melville TheRealisticPeriod TheAgeofRealism HowtodefinetheRealisticPeriodinAmericanliteraryhistory Theperiodrangingfrom1865tol914hasbeenreferredtoastheAgeofRealisminthe1iteraryhistoryoftheUnitedStates whichisactuallyamovementortendencythatdominatedthespiritofAmericanliterature especiallyAmericanfiction fromthe1850sonwards RealismwasareactionagainstRomanticismoramoveawayfromthebiastowardsromanceandself creatingfictions anditpavedthewaytoModernism Insteadofthinkingabouttheirrational theimaginative realiststoucheduponsocialandpoliticalrealitiesandpressuresinthepost Civilwarsociety ThreedominantfiguresareWilliamDeanHowells MarkTwain andHenryJames WhatisRealism A RealismemergedasaliterarymovementinEuropeinthe1850s B Inartandliterature Realismreferstoanattempttodescribehumanbehaviorandsurroundingsortorepresentfiguresexactlyastheyactorappearinlife C InreactiontoRomanticism realisticwritersshouldsetdowntheirobservationsimpartiallyandobjectively Theyinsistedonaccuratedocumentation sociologicalinsight andavoidanceofpoeticdictionandidealization Thesubjectsweretobetakenfromeverydaylife preferablyfromlower classlife D RealismenteredAmericanliteratureaftertheCivilWar WilliamDeanHowells MarkTwain andHenryJameswerethepioneersofrealismintheU S TheliterarycharacteristicsoftheRealisticPeriodinAmericanliterature Guidedbytheprincipleofadheringtothetruthfultreatmentoflife therealiststoucheduponvariouscontemporarysocialandpoliticalissues Inth