大学英语综合教程-1-unit8.pptx

Unit8educationalproblems TextAFableoftheLazyTeenager Pre reading Doyouknowanyfables Whatarethey LionandtheMouse TheHareandtheTortoise TheFoxandtheGrapes TheShepherdBoyandtheWolf TheFoxandtheCrow TheDoveandtheAnt TheFoxandtheStork PictureFableTalking Directions 1 Workingroups2 Rebuildthefablesaccordingtothepicturesandkeywords3 Selectapresenterforyourgroup4 Tellyourfabletotheclassandthemorallesson PictureFableTalking PictureFableTalking DrawaSnakeandAddFeettoItLonglongago severalpeoplehadajarofwineamongthemandallofthemwantedtodrinkitbyhimself Sotheysetarulethateveryonewoulddrawasnakeonthegroundandthemanwhofinishedfirstwouldhavethewine Onemanfinishedhissnakeverysoonandhewasabouttodrinkthewinewhenhesawtheotherswerestillbusydrawing sohedecidedtodrawthefeettothesnake However beforehecouldfinishthefeet anothermanfinishedandgrabbedthejarfromhim saying Whohaseverseenasnakewithfeet PictureFableTalking Goingtoofarisasbadasnotgoingfarenough PictureFableTalking PictureFableTalking TheFoxandtheCrowOnedayacrowstoodonabranchnearhernestandfeltveryhappywiththemeatinhermouth Atthattime afoxsawthecrowwiththemeat soheswallowedandeagerlythoughtofaplantogetthemeat However whateverthefoxsaidtothecrow thecrowjustkeptsilent Untilthefoxthoughthighlyofthecrow sbeautifulvoice Iamsureyourvoiceisevenmorebeautifulthanyourfeathers saidtheFox Won tyousingasongforme QueenofBirds TheCrowwassopleasedshecouldhardlysitstill Sheliftedherheadhigh closedhereyesandopenedherbeaktosing CAW CAW C CAW W W Themeatfelltotheground rightinfrontoftheFox PictureFableTalking Nevertrustaflatter PictureFableTalking PictureFableTalking TheMilkmaidandHerPailAmilkmaidwasgoingtothemarket Shecarriedhermilkinapailonherhead Shedreamtabouttheeggsshewouldbuywhenshesoldthemilk Theeggswillhatch thenshewillsellthechickens Withthemoneysheearned shewouldbuyfineclothesforherself I llbuyanewdress andwhenIgototheball alltheyoungmenwilldancewithme Asshespokeshetossedherheadback Thepailimmediatelyfelloffherhead andallthemilkwasspilt Thegirlwentbackwithoutanything Shefeltverysad ah mychild saidhermother Donotcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched PictureFableTalking Donotcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched ABriefIntroductiontoFable Thetermfablereferstoashortstoryinwhichanimalsorinanimateobjectsspeakandbehavelikehumans usuallytogiveamoralpoint ThetermcomesfromtheLatinfabula atelling ThegreatesttelleroffableswasAesop HewasbelievedtobeaGreekslavewholivedinthe6thcenturyB C AnothergreattelleroffableswasJeandeLaFontaine HewroteinFranceinthe17thcentury LaFontainebasedmanyofhisfablesonthoseofAesop BR ABriefIntroductiontoFable2 Someoftheirbest knownfablesareTheLionandtheMouse TheHareandtheTortoise TheFoxandtheGrapes TheShepherdBoyandtheWolf TheFoxandtheCrow TheDoveandtheAnt andTheFoxandtheStork IntheChineselanguage someidiomscomefromfablessuchasTheFrogintheShallowWell HisSpearagainstHisShield MakingHisMark TypicalfeaturesoffablesShorttalesNotbasedonfactsIntendedtogiveamorallessonNotstateddirectlybutdeducedbyreaders TextAFableoftheLazyTeenager PartDivision Interview Supposeyouareajournalistandyourpartneristheauthorofthetext Youhaveaninterviewwithhim Theinterviewshouldcoverthefollowingpoints 1 thehappeninginthedrugstore thereasonwhytheauthorwentthere adialoguebetweenthesalesgirlandhim2 theauthor sfeelingtothehappening theproblemsAmericanteenagersarefacingsuchasignorance poorabilityofcalculationsandotherthings3 somethingaboutthesonoftheauthor sfriend4 theauthor spurposeofofferingafable Part1 GR QuestionsandAnswers1 QuestionsandAnswers 1 Whydidtheauthorgotothedrugstoreoneday Hewantedtobuysomefilefolders 2 Howoldwasthesalesgirl 3 Whatwasthesalesgirl sreactiontotheauthor smentalarithmetic 心算 Under20yearsold Shewasverysurprisedatit GR QuestionsandAnswers2 5 Whatwastheauthor Hewasateacheratacollege 4 Didthesalesgirlbelievethattheauthordidcalculationsbymagic Whyorwhynot Yes Maybeshebelieveditbecauseshecouldneverdothat 6 WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAmericanteenagers Hethoughttheyareignorantandlackinginknowledgeofworldhistoryandgeography QuestionsandAnswers GR QuestionsandAnswers3 7 Intheauthor sopinion whatwasthemostseriousproblemforAmericanteenagers 8 Whydidtheauthorgiveustheexampleofhisfriend sson 9 Accordingtotheauthor whatwouldhappeniftherewasanidle ignorantlaborforceinamodernindustrialstate Theywereindifferenttotheirignorance Hejustintendedtoshowtheseriousnessoftheproblem Therewouldbemanyproblemsinsocietysuchasplanecrashes computerjamsandbreakdownsofcars QuestionsandAnswers GR QuestionsandAnswers4 10 Whatwastheauthor spurposeofofferingafable HejustwantedtomakeAmericanteenagersunderstandthedangeroftheirignoranceandintellectuallaziness QuestionsandAnswers DR word t1runoutof runoutof useuporfinishasupplyof sth Toourdisappointment ourcarranoutofgashalfwayhome Whentheyranoutoffood thesoldierssetabouthuntingformore DR Nomodestlyt2 1 Whatisthemeaningofthephrase suchanexperience Thephrase suchanexperience means thesalesgirl signorance Nomodestlyeducatedadultcanfailtobeupsetbysuchanexperience 2 Paraphrasethesentence Anyadultwhohasgotaverageeducationwillfeelworriedandunhappyabouttheignorancethegirlshows DR word t2upset modest adj immodest Amodestlittlehouse 1 Notverylarge expensive important etc 2 Nottalkingmuchaboutyourownabilitiesorpossessions Sheisverymodestabouthersuccess 3 Ofpeople especiallywomen ortheirclothes shyaboutshowingmuchofthebody notintendedtoattractattention Amodestdress Adv Modestly Youreallymustbeverygoodatwhatyoudo IsupposeIam Katesaidmodestly DR word t2upset upset vt Theyareterriblyupsetbythebreak upoftheirparents marriage 1 make sb worryorfeelunhappy beupsetby about Pattern 2 makeillinthestomach Theforeignfoodupsetme mystomach 3 knockover causingconfusion Theboyupsettheglassofmilk Herplanswereupsetbythechangeintheweather DR word t2ignorant Collocation ignorant adj knowinglittleornothing Shewasignorantofherhusband sillegalactivities Otherwiseshewouldhavedoneeverythingpossibletostophim ignorantabout of在 方面无知的 Somepeopleareignorantofthefactsaboutglobalwarming 我对计算机一窍不通 I mratherignorantaboutcomputer DR word t3sumup sumup giveabriefsummary ofsth Myteacherwouldsumupthemainpointsofthelessonbeforeheendedtheclass AlicesummedupherChristmasholidaysinoneword Terrible DR word t3accumulate1 accumulate v collect orgathertogether esp overaperiodoftime makeorbecomegreaterinquantityorsize Ihaveaccumulatedmanybooksoverthelastfewyears Dustquicklyaccumulatesifwedon tsweepourroom Collocation 积累大量资料 accumulateahugemassofdata 积累经验 accumulateexperience 积攒一笔财富 accumulateafortune 积聚一大批藏书 accumulateagoodlibrary 两者均可指积聚大量的东西 accumulate强调经年累月地点滴积累 例如 DR word t3accumulate2 Throughtheyearsheaccumulatedsufficientmoneytobuyafarmwhenheretired Hesoonamassedsufficientevidencetosupporthiscase 经过多年积攒 他有了足够的钱在退休时买下一个农场 accumulate amass CF amass指在较短的时间内积聚到大量东西 尤指为自己而积聚 例如 他不久便收集到足够的证据来为他的案子辩护 DR word t3affect1 affect vt Morethansevenmillionpeoplehavebeenaffectedbythedrought 1 haveaninfluenceon 2 causefeelingsofsorrow anger love etc in sb MartinLutherKing sspeechdeeplyaffectedtheaudience DR word t3affect2 Nothingyousaywillaffectmydecision 这里这三个词都作为动词进行比较 affect表示 影响 以被影响的人或物作宾语 大致可分为两种情况 1 使 起变化 没有好或坏的意思 2 对 发生不良影响 例如 affect effect influence CF 无论你说什么都不会影响我的决定 Thesmallamountofrainlastyearaffectedthegrowthofcrops 去年雨少影响了庄稼的生长 DR word t3affect3 Thenewhairdoeffectedastartlingchangeinherappearance Effectn haveaneffecton用作及物动词表示 产生 招致 或 实现 以 改进 变化 等类的词作宾语 例如 这新发式使她的外貌产生了惊人的变化 Suchfilmshaveadangerousinfluenceonchildren Myteacherinfluencedmydecisiontostudyscience Influencen 指对行为 性格或观点等产生潜移默化的影响v 影响可好可坏 Influencesb sth 例如 CF DR word t3idle Theboyisreallyidle hejustsitsaroundthehouseallday idle adj 1 lazy 2 notworking Menareleftidlewhenmachinesbreakdown 3 ofnouse Hiswordswerejustidlethreats hecan tharmus Collocation stand lieidle闲着 Themachinerystoodidleforamonth DR word t3breakdown1 breakdown Theelevatorsinthisbuildingarealwaysbreakingdown Talksbetweenthetwocountriesbrokedownwhenthetwosidesfailedtoreachanagreement 1 stopworking 2 fail 3 destroy reduceorbereducedtopieces Theybrokethedoordown DR word t3breakdown2 Collocation 逃走 逃脱 breakaway 闯入 强行进入 打断 插嘴 breakin 闯入 强行进入 breakinto 逃脱 逃出 突然发生 爆发 breakout 突破 breakthrough 打碎 结束 解散 学校 开始放假 breakup DR word t4drivehome drivehome make sth clearsothatpeopleunderstandit Peterwaslazy Hisparentstriedtodrivehometohimtheimportanceofhardwork Wemustdrivehometohimwherethedifficultieslie 我们必须使他彻底明白困难在哪里 drivesth home tosb Pattern EachofthefollowingpicturesstandsforaKevinHanleyinacertainyear MatchthepicturewiththedescriptionandthentelltheclasshowthisKevinlives Part2 B D G E C F A Kevin2050 Kevin1835 Kevin1928 Kevin1945 Kevin1966 Kevin1990 Kevin2020 GR RearrangetheOrderofthePictures2 A B C D E F G Kevin1835 apoorpeasantinIreland Kevin1928 asteel millworkerinPittsburgh U S A Kevin1945 asoldierfightingtheJapanesearmy Kevin1966 astudentwhostudiesallthetimesoastogetintocollegeandlawschool Kevin1990 acleanerinaJapanese ownedfactory Kevin2020 aporterinahotelforwealthyEuropeansandAsians Kevin2050 livinginaslumandsearchingthroughtrashpilesforfood HowthisKevinlives DR word t6betteroff betteroff richerthanyouwerebefore morecomfortable It sobviousthatthosewhoworkhardarebetteroffthanthosewhodon t 现在 中国人的生活比以前强多了 NowadaysChinesepeoplearebetteroffthantheyusedtobe DR word t7scared scared adj frightened oftenfollowedbyof to that clause Theladyhasalwaysbeenscaredofsnakes I mscaredtoflyinaplane I mscaredthatitmightcrash DR word t10adequate1 adequate adj enough oftenfollowedbytoorfor Isthetransportsystemadequatetodeliverthefoodtoremoteareas 对于初学者来说 这本书也够用了 Fortheuseofbeginners thebookisadequate HerknowledgeofEnglishwasadequateforthejob CF DR word t10adequate2 enough指 能够满足一种欲望或需要 比较偏重数量 并可放在所形容的名词后面 例如 Arethereenoughapplesforeveryone sufficient具有与enough相同的意思 只是更为正式 并较强调程度 Fillintheblankswiththeadequate enoughorsufficient 1 Wehaven tgot informationfromwhichtodrawaconclusion 2 Thepianistgavean performance 3 Thereis foodforsixpeople 4 Ihopeyouwillprove tothejob sufficient adequate enough adequate CF DR Kevin2020 st9 WhatcanweinferfromthefactthatthefactoryinwhichKevin2020 sfatherworksisownedbytheJapanesenottheChineseorpeoplefromothercountries Itcanbeinferredthatintheauthor sopiniontheJapanesearethesymbolofsuccessbecauseoftheirhardwork educationanddiscipline Kevin2020 sfather whoisofcourseKevin1990himself worksasacleanerinafactoryownedbytheJapanese DR Themanexplainst11 1 TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 那人跟凯文解释说 如果一个人没有钱 教育能提供积累金融资本所必需的人力资本 2 Doyouagreewiththatman sopinion Whyorwhynot ThemanexplainstoKevinthatwhenamanhasnomoney educationcansupplythehumancapitalnecessarytostarttoacquirefinancialcapital DR theyworkt12 theyworkandstudyandlearnanddisciplinethemselves Therearethreewordsof discipline inthistext Para 19 Para 20 Para 21 TellthedifferentmeaningsoftheminChinese Thefirst discipline Para 19 means 训练 thesecond Para 20 means 纪律 andthelastone Para 21 means 约束 DR word t12astonish1 astonish vt surpriseverymuch amaze Theyweregreatlyastonishedattheextraordinarybeautyofthepicture Wewereastonishedtohearthathehadpassedhisdrivingtest 这三个词在表示 使 惊异 时 意义相近 一般以事物或人作主语 以人作主语时 一般用被动语态 它们的主要区别在于 astonish特指不可能解释的事发生后使人产生较强的惊异感情 astonish表示惊异的时间较surprise长久 例如 CF astonish amaze surprise DR word t12astonish2 Theywereastonishedat bythenewsofhisescape 他们对他逃跑的消息感到吃惊 Iwasamazedat byhercalmness amaze指带有迷惑或赞美的惊奇 是意义很强的词 例如 我对她的冷静感到惊讶 含有 钦佩 之意 surprise着重因意外之事或特殊的事而产生的突然反应 例如 Herfrankanswersurprisedhim 她坦率的回答使他感到惊讶 CF DR word t12miracle miracle n anamazingorwonderfulevent esp sth thathappensunexpectedly Therewasasevereearthquakeinthatarea butbyamiracle noonewaskilledinit Theteachertoldmethatit dbeamiracleifIpassedtheexamination Itwasamiraclethatthepilotlandedtheplaneinthatsnowstorm marvel 侧重异乎寻常 奇怪 从而使人好奇 miracle 一般指被认为是人力所办不到的奇异之事 wonder 通常指使人惊奇的事迹 人物或景观 主要指人创造的奇迹 DR word t12faculty Forawomanof85 shestillhasallherfaculties 2 alltheteachersofauniversityorcollege Itisamyththatthefacultyofhearingisgreatlyincreasedinblindpeople faculty n 1 mentalandphysicalabilities Aftersevenyearsofstudy hesucceededinjoiningthefacultyofColumbiaUniversity DR SorryPopt12 Sorry Pop Kevin1990says Ihavetostudy 1 Whydoestheboysayso Becausehisdreammakeshimknowtheimportanceofeducationandhehasmadeuphismindtostudyhard 2 Canyouimaginehisfather sreactiontotheboy sanswer Usefulexpressions AR UsefulExpressions1 UsefulExpressions 1 用完了 runoutof 2 一大把 ahandfulof 3 为 感到难过 beupsetby 4 私立大学 aprivatecollege 5 问题的一小部分 atinysliceoftheproblem 6 对 毫不在乎 achillingindifferenceabout 7 跟 竞争 competewith AR UsefulExpressions2 atsomepointsoon wayoflife manualwork drive home ahumblesuggestion asthestoryopens goshoppingfor AR UsefulExpressions3 15 使某人入睡 putsb tosleep 16 固定工资 steadywages 17 他把希望寄托在 身上 hishopeliesin 18 比 的境遇好多了 befarbetteroffthan 19 从废墟中站起来 risefromtheashes 20 跃入眼帘 catchone seye Textanalysis 1 Stylestudy parallelism figureofspeechParallelismistheuseofcomponentsinasentencethataregrammaticallythesame orsimilarintheirconstruction sound meaning ormeter Thismethodaddsbalanceandrhythmtosentences givingideasasmootherflowandthuspersuasiveness becauseoftherepetitionitemploys 1 Planeswillcrash Computerswilljam Carswillbreakdown Line28 2 Heisalwayshot alwayshungry alwaysscared line54 Helivesinaslumwhere 3 thereisnoheat noplumbing noprivacy line79 Forexample Theneighbormaystealyourmoney yourfriendmaycheatyou yourwifemayleaveyou yoursonmayneglectyou butyourdogwillbewithyou whetheryouarerichorpoor Classwork parallelismatleast3sentences AR WritingPractice1 1 2 CauseandEffectEssayWritingCauseandeffectessaysareconcernedwithwhythingshappen cause andwhathappensasaresult effect Causeandeffectisacommonmethodoforganizinganddiscussingideas Thefollowingtipscanhelpyoudraftthistypeofessay AR WritingPractice1 2 Distinguishbetweencauseandeffect Todeterminecauses ask Whydidthishappen Toidentifyeffects ask Whathappenedbecauseofthis Developyourthesisstatement Stateclearlywhetheryouarediscussingcauses effects orboth Introduceyourmainidea usingthete