高效优质千亩核桃示范园建设项目建议书2-2.doc

tired so they pet out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping-bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!Lesson28 No parking 禁止停车Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with motorists. when he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn motorists to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!Lesson29 Taxi! 出租汽车！Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. The taxi is a small Swiss aeroplane called a Pilatus Porter. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. Captain Fawcetts first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.Lesson30 Football or polo? 足球还是水球？The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children, but there werent any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank. Lesson31 Success story 成功者的故事Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1938 he bought a small work-shop of his own. During the war Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. By the end of the war, the small work-shop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their sons bicycle! Lesson32 Shopping made easy 购物变得很方便People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater than ever before-especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop-assistant was her daughter. The girl gave her mother a free dress once a week !lesson33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.Lesson34 Quick work 破案“神速”Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more. At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train. Ted was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen !Lesson35 Stop thief! 捉贼！Rov Trenton used to drive a taxi. A short while ago, however, he became a bus-driver and he was not regretted it. He is finding his new work far more exciting. When he was driving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag full of money. Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves. The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police. The thieves car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested. Lesson36 Across the Channel 横渡海峡Erna Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five oclock in the morning. Erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes lo set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. Ernas father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Erna intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. Most of Ernas school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Ernas mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.Lesson37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway-line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called Olympic City. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.Lesson38 Everything except the weather 惟独没有考虑到天气My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.Lesson39 Am I all right? 我是否痊愈？While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington. When the doctor answered the phone, Mr Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr John Gilbert. He asked if Mr Gilberts operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. Then Dr Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. No, the patient answered, I am Mr John Gilbert. Lesson40 Food and talk 进餐与交谈Last week at a dinner-party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs Rumbold. Mrs Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation. A new play is coming to The Globe soon, I said. Will you be seeing it ? No, she answered. Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year ? I asked. No, she answered. Will you be staying in England? I asked. No, she answered. In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner. Young man, she answered, if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner ! lesson41 Do you call that a hat? 你把那个叫帽子吗？Do you call that a hat ? I said to my wife. You neednt be so rude about it, my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror. I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror. We mustnt buy things we dont need, I remarked suddenly. I regretted saying it almost at once.You neednt have said that, my wife answered. I need not remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday. I find it beautiful, I said. A man can never have too into the cave hoping to find buried treasure. The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep. They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk. In spite of this, many people are confident that The Revealer may reveal something of value fairly soon.Lesson56 Faster than sound! 比声音还快！Once a year a race is held for old cars. A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels. Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. After a great many loud explosions, the race began. Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them ! A few cars, however, completed the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour-much faster than any of its rivals. It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it. The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting. Lesson57 Can I help you, madam? 你要买什么，夫人？A woman in blue jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to高效优质千亩核桃示范园建设项目建议书一、 项目概述1.1项目名称：高效优质千亩核桃示范园建设项目1.2项目地址：石台县矶滩乡太胜沟汀西村的荒山边角地1.3承办单位：石台县矶滩乡志昌核桃生产专业合作社1.4建设内容：千亩核桃园一期500亩基地1.5项目投资: 总投资263万元，其中自筹123万元，申请政策性扶持资金140万元。1.6投资回收期：5年1.7项目法人代表： 联系电话：二、 项目背景2.1符合国家产业政策和行业发展规划核桃是特产于我国的著名干果，名列世界四大干果之首，是与板栗、红枣齐名的“木本粮食”，营养丰富，食用价值和药用价值极高。据分析，核桃除含有丰富的碳水化合物、脂肪外，还含有多种维生素及铁、锌、等微量元素。本草纲目记载它具有益气补血、调脾养肺之功效，自古享有“长寿果”之美誉。尤其是本项目引进河南省灵宝市农科院研发的新品种9818早实核桃（TF-1），通称“薄皮核桃”，更受国内外消费者喜爱，市场上十分畅销，需求量不断增加，价格亦连年上升，目前已成为我国果品外销创汇的热门货。2.2项目由来和基本情况石台县是个“九山半水半分田”的深山区，大面积的山场已绿树成荫，但其经济产出率相对漫长且较低，山脚地的产出就显得脆弱，因而，调整林业产业结构，大力发展高效林业已为国家所重视，种植核桃已成为我国一些地区农村调整林业结构、增加农民收入的一条新的致富路子。千亩核桃示范园选址于石台县矶滩乡太胜村和沟汀村地域，境内有风景旖旎的秋浦河、省级森林公园目连山风景区、百丈崖风景区，S221省道穿境而过，交通十分便捷，项目建成后，不仅能使林业增效、林农增收、改善美化生态环境，而且对发展特色旅游，增加旅游新亮点，有着立竿见影的作用，其发展前景十分诱人。石台县2002年被国家认定为扶贫开发工作重点县，而贫困地点大多山坡地产出率较低，本项目选定符合中国农村扶贫纲要精神，发挥山场资源丰富的优势，开发山坡地，迅速发展周边地区没有的（仅有山核桃）薄皮核桃新品种，在5至7年内，形成核桃生产产业化，必将对石台县脱贫致富奔小康产生极其巨大的影响。三、项目建设的意义和市场预测3.1项目建设的有利条件建设千亩高效优质核桃园，有着“天时地利人和”的有利条件。随着国家大幅度增加对林业和生态建设的投入，安徽省委、省政府提出林业的第二次创业，以发展经济果林作为整合林业的“六大重点工程”之一，实现林业经济跨越性发展；石台县委、县政府提出“绿色石台”的工作理念，在“十一五”规划中，制定了调整农业产业结构，大力发展经济林的目标。本项目法人代表黄志仓抓住这一良机，针对本地水果难保管，品种良莠不齐，效益产出低的弱势，于2007年外出考察核桃生产，在河南省灵宝市农科院结识了张兴华教授，在他的指导下，选用新品种9818早实核桃(TF-1)，第三年盛果期亩产可收获800-1000斤，2008年春季引进5000株苗，栽植近90亩的山脚地上，现已开花结果，为了保证明年座果率，近期已组织人员全部摘除育果。先期种植核桃成活率高且已挂果的事实，足以证明，项目区气候温暖湿润，四季宜人，光照、水、气充足，有利于薄皮核桃的生长和发育，山坡地土层肥沃、含丰富的有机物质和矿物质，是核桃集约经营的理想地。项目区的群众勤劳、纯朴，栽培林果的历史悠久，且易接受新事物。2007年冬和2008年春，在项目区第一批种植点，当地群众自动加入核桃生产合作社，将各自山地以100元至300元的不同地价投股种植新品种核桃。因而人们都说薄皮核桃人缘好，开端好，种植前景更好。3.2市场预测。随着人们健康理念的增强，对营养安全食品的要求亦日渐提升。核桃是高热能营养食物，又是无胆固醇的绿色保健食品。尤其是本项目栽植的薄皮核桃，其营养价值、药效价值高于本地生产的山核桃。在国内、国际市场非常走俏，需求量不断增加，价格连年上升，专家预测未来很长一段时间内核桃市场都会呈现出供不应求的局面。市场供不应求，价格居高不下，而消费者却认同高价格去购买薄皮核桃，这将产生供需矛盾。联合国粮农组织预测，核桃需求量将以每年10%的速度增长，到2010年需增加45万吨才能满足市场需求。目前我国人均核桃占有量不足200克，是美国的30%，计划2015年我国人均消费将达到500克。因此，发展核桃生产是有广阔的市场和发展空间的。四、项目建设地址与规模4.1建设地址核桃栽植区域涉及矶滩乡太胜村和沟汀村。即从太胜村的横山至沟汀村下街这一连片山坡地。2008年春季首批栽植的核桃已开花挂果的事实，说明项目区的土壤、气温、光照、雨水等自然条件完全适宜此核桃品种的生长。4.2建设规模新建500亩高效核桃园示范基地，购进苗木3.5万株新建场房150m2(生产资料以及工具仓库)购置耕整林地机械设备10台套购置防治病虫害设备10台套修建林区道路3公里，作业林道5公里购置运输拖拉机2台五、投资估算与资金筹措5.1投资估算基础设施建设投资31万元按规划布局需新建厂房150平方米（含仓库），每平方米造价800元计算，需投资12万元，修建林区道路投资19万元，合计31万元。生产投资和管理投资155.7万元A、苗木款79万元B、耕整林地机械设备10台套6万元C、防治病虫害设备10台套，计0.7万元D、运输拖拉机2台，计3万元E、整地挖穴栽植、抚育以及病虫害防治等用工支出35万元F、购置化肥农药等生产资料支出23万元G、管理人员工资以及3个常年性用工支出9万元H、培训、作业设计、技术服务、宣传以及交通车旅费等，需6.1万元5.2资金筹措建设高效优质核桃园500亩是本项目的主题内容，总投资为263万元。2008年春、冬两季已先后调进苗木栽植近200亩，目前长势良好，累计投资123万元，全部为自筹资金，2009年冬季再植300亩高效核桃园，需要140万元资金投入，请求政府给予政策性扶持，以帮助解决眼前难关。六、效益分析6.1经济效益项目建成后第3年即可挂果收获，5年进入丰果期。单株产量可达10-15公斤，每亩可产核桃半吨，价值12000元，生产成本仅1600元，利润收入就可达到10000元，500亩就可实现利润500万元，因而本项目确定5年收回投资是完全有把握的。况且利用林间种木耳，林间养鸡以及农业观光连锁收入都未计入其中。由此可见，迅速扩建高效核桃园，着手核桃深加工，使之规模化、产业化，必将加快我县农民脱贫致富步伐，也将成为我县特色经济增长的新亮点。6.2社会效益本项目实施三年内可解决1030人次季节性就业。项目完成达到稳产后，年创产值600万元，可缴纳地方和国家税金50万元，势必对当地积累大量的发展基金增添后劲，同时参与项目建设的群众将直接从项目中获得丰厚收入和劳动报酬。农民从中得到实惠，看到希望，必将齐心奔小康，建设新农村。6.3生态效益利用荒坡地种植核桃树，能有效降低土壤地表冲涮，减少水土流失，绿化了荒山荒地，美化了环境，改善了生态。利用核桃林养殖鸡等禽类，种植香菇、木耳等，其肥水又为核桃树增添养份，既维护了生态平衡，又提高了林地生产力；既美化了环境，又增添了生物多样性，形成生态环境的综合利用和相互补充的良性循环。七、方案设计和技术要点7.1方案设计总体目标是以科技示范基地为中心，全面开展核桃的综合利用，以示范为龙头，辐射全乡乃至全县，到2010年在矶滩乡初步建立千亩核桃科技示范园，让周边地区看到亮点，自愿种植薄皮核桃。迅速发展和建立高效优质的核桃基地，实行统一规划，结合开展积极推广先进技术、引种试验、培育推广并举，同时，积极谋划核桃深加工，力争5年内实现核桃产、加、销一条龙的产业化规模效益。7.2技术要点按照该品种的生物学特性和生态习性，主要从种、栽、水、肥、管、病虫害防治、水保等常规实用技术，结合一些成功的先进技术在实施中运行。A、常规造林技术B、水平带垦挖技术C、正方形穴严格优质配置，整地技术D、水肥管理技术E、合理栽培技术F、修剪、病虫害防治技术G、造林关键技术H、生根粉及菌根技术I、施肥技术J、改良品种嫁接技术八、组织管理与经营模式A、项目区由乡政府成立专项领导小组负责对核桃林的指导管理，积极引导群众调整农业产业结构，加大对核桃栽培的宣传推广。B、经营模式。项目采取群众投山入股，引资承包经营的管理体制，实行风险共担，利益共享。劳动人员经过培训，管理人员通过聘请。作业施工人员在当地根据需要随时选聘，实行先培训后作业，并请经济林专家指导培训。C、工程管理。制定护林管理公约，确定管护人员。D、财务管理。项目资金实行统一管理，统一使用，独立核算，严格审批的程序，努力减少不必要的开支。九、结论9.1建设目标明确，符合国家产业政策。9.2规模适度，布局合理，技术先进适用。9.3项目区基础条件好，项目建设有保证。9.4项目管理体系健全，能保证项目的实施和运作。9.5综合效益显著，市场前景广阔。综上所述，该项目是切实可行的，盼请有关部门予以批准实施。附件：薄皮核桃相关知识及市场背景链接：一、薄皮核桃核桃有那些特点？ 薄皮核桃核桃有以下几个突出的特点1、薄皮核桃核桃早实性很强。当年嫁接的苗，80%以上当年开花，有的座果，如果嫁接时间早，座果的核桃可在树苗上成熟。2、薄皮核桃核桃树生长快，丰产性很强。核桃苗定植第二年，大部分树都可结果，第三年大部分树结果在5斤左右，水肥条件好的地块有的树可结果10斤左右，个别树已有穗状或串状结果枝形成，桃由此逐年进入丰产期，第五年起进入盛果期，比较瘠薄的山坡地亩产一般在600800斤，水肥条件好的地块亩产可过1000斤，是国内目前唯一亩产过千斤的核桃品种。3、薄皮核桃核桃坚果品质上等，各项质量指标均达到国家核桃坚果品质的优级果标准。平均单果重14克，果形端正，大小均匀，果面光滑，麻点少，壳厚1毫米（此厚度最具商品价值，太厚出仁率低，太薄无法运输），手指可捏破，内褶壁退化，横膈膜膜质，易取整仁，出仁率63.8%（大部分优良品种出仁率在50%左右，达到60%以上的很少），果仁饱满，颜色浅，无涩味，风味香，口感好。4、薄皮核桃核桃树日常管理简单，省工省钱。一般的果树都需要修剪整形，产量才能有保证。而薄皮核桃核桃树萌生的侧枝越多，产量越高，因而不需要修剪整型，任其自然生长即可。它的病虫害也比较少。每年用于管理、防病治虫的农药、人工等的花费比葡萄、苹果、桃等浆果类树要省得多。5、薄皮核桃核桃抗病力强。2004年夏季雨水较多，在山东省东平县大阳镇“香玲”核桃树的炭疽病发病率达50%以上，个别树达100%，而未喷杀菌药的薄皮核桃核桃树发病率仅有5%。6、薄皮核桃核桃抗拒自然灾害能力强。它耐旱、耐涝、耐瘠薄、抗风、抗冰雹、抗冻。核桃坚果外长者较厚的青皮，被冰雹击伤后，对坚果影响不大，不会降低核桃的商品价值。任何一种果树在花期和座果期都怕“倒春寒”，薄皮核