状语从句考点归纳.ppt

AdverbialClause 状语从句考点 一 状语从句的定义 功能 分类 定义 在复合句中作状语的从句 功能 状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词 形容词或副词 或整个主句 分类 按意义可分为时间 地点 原因 目的 结果 条件 方式 比较 让步等状语从句 从句的位置放在句首 也可放在句末 放在句首时 从句后面常用一个逗号 放在句末时 从句前一般不用逗号 状语从句 时间状语从句 条件状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句 让步状语从句 地点状语从句 方式状语从句目的状语从句比较状语从句 考什么 连接词 语序 省略 语气 二 能力要求 1 了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语从句中经常使用的连词2 能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句的逻辑关系 从而能够使用恰当的连词完成交际 3 能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的用法区别 一 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 1 基本类 before after when while as since till until once assoonas etc Itwillbetwomonthsbeforehecomesback Itistwoyearssincehesmoked 2 名词类 由名词词组充当引导词 themoment theminute thesecond theinstant etc 一 就 everytime eachtime thelasttime thefirsttime etc I lltellhimtheminute that hegetshere IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter 3 副词类 由副词充当引导词 immediately directly instantly etc 一 就 4 句型类 nosooner than hardly scarcely when etc 一 就 e g IwillgiveyouananswerimmediatelyIfinishmywork Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton e gShehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted Scarcelyhadhegonewhensheappeared 注意 用于句首时应引起部分倒装 且前部分一般用过去完成时 下课的时候 webeganourwriting Johnsings 边走 我们看电视的时候 hewaswritingacomposition Whenthelessonwasover ashewalks WhilewewerewatchingTV 注意 1 when as while的区别 when 持续性 非持续性动词都可as 当 一边 一边 随着while 持续性动词 进行 2 till until和not until小结 1 until till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时 主句的动词是延续性动词 表示动作或状态一直持续到until till所表示的时间 意为 某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止 如 Wewaiteduntilhecame 2 用于否定句时 主句谓语动词是非延续性动词 从句为肯定 意为 某动作直到某时间才开始 如 Hewon tgotobedtill untilshereturns 3 till不可以置于句首 而until可以 如 UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit 4 not until句型中的强调和倒装说法 ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit 3 连接词before的小结 一 含义1 Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland 2 Wehadn trunamilebeforehefelttired 3 Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit 4 BeforeIcouldgetinaword hehadmeasuredme 才 不到 就 趁 还没来得及 二 Before从句中谓语不用否定式 如 Beforetheyreachedthestation thetrainhadgone 三 1 句型Itwillbe was 段时间 before 还要过多久才 如 Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry 2 句型Itwillbe was 一段时间 before 不多久就 如 Itwasn ttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry 4 Since的句型 句型Itis 段时间 since 时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起 如 Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinourclass 她离开我们班有三年了 Itisthreeyearssincehelivedhere 二 条件状语从句 1 引导词 if unless aslongas solongas incase that onconditionthat provided providingthat ifonly onlyif granted granting given assuming supposing supposeetc I vewaitedhereforabouthalfanhour Imyselfcoulddriveacar A OnlyifB IfonlyC IfD Only Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofadifferentkind theyhuntthemforfood A IfB whileC unlessD as 2 非真实条件句中应用虚拟语气 Eg Ifyou 接受 yourteacher sadvice youwouldn thavefailedtheexam 3 真实条件句中的时态 e g Ifit 下雨 tomorrow Iwillnotgoout hadtaken rains unless与if not的用法 Ifyoudon tstartatonce youwillmissthetrain Unlessyoustartatonce youwillmissthetrain unless在意义上相当于if not常可以换用 Incasehecomes letmeknow Youcangoout as solongasyoupromisetobebackbeforeeleven Iwillcomeagaintomorrowprovided that Ihavetime if Supposing that itrainstomorrow whatshallwedo if Unlessyoutellhimyourself he lllosefaithinyoucompletely We llletyouusetheroomonconditionthat providedthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy because 直接原因 非推断 语气最强 回答whysince 通常放句首 译为 既然 as 不谈自明的原因 语气最弱 for 放句中 引导后半句表原因 三 原因状语从句 1 引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because since 和as 所引导的从句可以放在主句之前 也可放在主句之后 其中because语势最强 since次之 as又次之 1 在强调句中强调原因状语从句 只能用because引导 不可用as或since 2 because可以引导表语从句 而as since不可以 这时主语一般都是it this that Itwas hewasillthathedidn tgowithus It s heistoolazy 3 since表示 既然 只能放主句前 youarehere youmustdoit because 用because as since填空 because Since 1 Johndidn tcometoschool beingillyesterday A becauseofB becauseC sinceD as2 Mum canIgoouttoplayfootballwithjessica No youcan t yourhomeworkisbeingdone A beforeB untilC asD when3 Thesetwoareasaresimilar theybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason A tothatB besidesthatC inthatD exceptthat 2 复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句 这些连词有 now that seeing that considering that forthereasonthat byreasonthat forfearthat that等 如 Now that Since youmentionit Idoremember Now that heisabsent you llhavetodotheworkbyyourself Now Since therainhasstopped let sstart Seeing that alltheguestshavearrived let shavedinner Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners theyaredoingquiteagoodjob 3 原因状语从句原因状语从句通常由because as since nowthat considering that seeing that 等词引导 because语气较强 用以回答why问句as语气较弱 较口语化 所表示的原因较明显 since语气较弱 常表对方已知的事实 相当于汉语的 既然 for放句中 引导后半句表原因 nowthat既然 表示原因放在句首 consideringthat考虑到 鉴于 句首 seeingthat鉴于 由于 既然 因为 句首 1 so that 与such that 的区别 so adj adv thatso adj a an 可数名词单数 thatso many much few little 名词 that e g Itissohotthatwecan tsleep Itissointerestingabookthatshehasreadittwice such a an adj 单数可数名词 thatsuch adj 复数名词 不可数名词 thatsuch alotof lotsof 名词 that Itissuchaninterestingbookthatshehasreadittwice Therewassuchdeliciousfoodthathehadtoomuch 引导状语从句的连接词有sothat so that such that 四 结果状语从句 用so such填空 Therewere manypeopleintheroomthatwecouldnotgetin Hemade anexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim Sheis lovelyagirlthateveryoneinherclasslikesher Hehas poorfurniturethatotherscannotfindaplacetosit so such so such Hiscourageissuchthathedoesn tknowthemeaningforfear Such表示程度高Soterriblewasthestormthatsomeoldhousesweredestroyed Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken Sosuch在句首倒装 Sothat引导结果状语从句表示实现的一件事或一个事实 从句谓语动词一般不和情态动词连用 且从句前多有逗号与主句分开 例如 Hedidn tstudyhard sothathefailedintheexam 他没有用功学习 结果考试没有通过 Hetooknonoticeofhim cothatheflewintoarage 我没有理睬他 于是他在怒起来 注意 五 让步状语从句 由though although as 虽然尽管 evenif eventhough wh ever nomatterwh whether引导 mostofthepeopleagreed somewerenotwillingtoaccepted Wewouldn tloseheart weshouldfailtentimes Although evenif Although和though均可以引导主步状语从句 间为 虽然 尽管 但是although较though正式 更多有于句首 二者昀不可以与but边用 但可以与副词yet still nevertheless等连用 Although though hewasill sill yet hewentonworking 注意1 as引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装 其结构为 Youngasheis hecanreadandwriteinseveralforeignlanguages Childashewas hehadtosupportthefamily 表语名词提前并常省去冠词 n adj adv v as 主语 谓语 注意2 1 TherewasneveranytimeforKatetofeellonely shewasanonlychild A eversinceB nowthatC eventhoughD evenas2 youlikeitornot youwillhavetogiveupsmoking A IfB WhetherC HowD Why3 Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight ssleep muchworkyouhavetodo A howeverB nomatterC althoughD whatever4 Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurant youlike A WheneverB whereverC whateverD however 六 地点状语从句引导词 where whereverI llgowhereverhegoes I llgowherehewent Canyoutellme areyoufrom Itisnotimportant Icamefrom A when wheneverB where whereverC theplace whereD wherever where 我要去他去的地方 他去哪我就去哪 地点状语从句与定语从句的区别1 Wheredoyouplantowork I vemadeupmymindtogo I mmostneeded A totheplaceB towhichC thatD where2 Iwillgotoacountryforaholiday therearealotofflowersandtrees A intheplaceB whereC whichD wherever辨析 Gobackwhereyoucamefrom Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom 七 目的状语从句引导词 so sothat inorderthat that totheendthat incase forfearthat lest等 其谓语动词常与情态动词can could may might should would连用 340 1 I dliketoarrive20minutesearly Icanhavetimeforacupoftea A assoonasB asaresultC incaseD sothat2 Johnmayphonetonight Idon twanttogoout hephones A aslongasB inorderthatC incaseD sothat TheShanghaiesearemakinggreateffortstobeautifythecity moreoverseascompanieswillcome A inorderthatB soastoC solongasD onconditionthat Hestudiedhardtotheendthathemightpasstheentranceexamination Takeyourraincoatincaseitrains Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthelasttrain Idarenotgothereforfearthathemightseeme 八 方式状语从句引导词1 as 象 一样 正如 按照 asif asthough 好象 宛如 YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays Itlooksasifitmightsnow isgoingtosnow Heactedas thoughnothinghadhappened Hewalkedasifhewas weredrunk Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn tgrownup Leaveitasitis Hestatedthaefactsastheywere Heis asitwere awalkingdictionary 事实上 按现在的样子 按原样子 插入语 仿佛 好象 注意2 2 在非正式文体或口语中 也可用theway that as inthewayinwhich how like等来引导 如 Jeandoesn tdoitthewayIdo SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone Youcandothejobhowyoulike Thelandlordwaswatchinghimlike justas acatwatchesamouse Doy