从目的论的角度看电影美国队长3字幕翻译毕业设计.docx

本 科 生 毕 业 设 计 （论文）论文题目：从目的论的角度看电影美国队长3字幕翻译从目的论的角度看电影美国队长3字幕翻译A Study of Captain America: Civil War Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of Skopostheorie Abstract With the development of society, the communication among different countries becomes more and more closely, the increasing foreign films in China become more and more popular. The living standards have improved, and the demand of the entertainment needs a high level. Because of the difference in culture and language among different countries,the work of translation become more difficult. The translation level of film subtitle in China on low level, the audiences can not appreciate the films very well. Thereby, people can not give high praise to those films which have not good film subtitle. Obviously, the film subtitle is quite important to the film, influencing the audiences feeling to the film. This thesis makes an attempt to provide a case study of Captain America: Civil War from the perspective of Skopostheorie. The study of the film Captain America: Civil War follows the main principle of theories-Skopos rules. The study of the film Captain America: Civil War follows the main principle of Skopostheorie rule. According to the three rules of the Skopostheorie includes Skopos rule, coherence rule, and fidelity rule, the thesis has analyzed many aspects. First, the thesis will introduce the development of the Skopostheorie, next it analyzes the Skopostheorie works on the film Captain America: Civil War. In the end, this thesis makes a conclusion of the Skopostheorie in the film Captain America: Civil War for the whole paper. This thesis has a reference for the translation of film subtitle according to the Skopostheorie, creating a better condition for the audience to appreciate the films. Key words: Skopostheorie；film subtitle translation；principle； strategy 摘 要 随着全球一体化的不断发展，各国之间的联系不断加强，在影视这样一方面，逐渐变得明显。人们的生活不断提高，在影视娱乐这一方面的需求也不断增加，但由于文化和语言的不同，对影视的翻译造成 不少的困扰，从而影响观众的欣赏。我国的翻译水平并不是很高，有些影视作品的翻译让观众很头疼，搞不清楚影视所表示的具体含义，从而对该影视作品的评价并不是很高。很明显，影视字幕的翻译显得非 常重要，对该影视的评价有很大的影响。 本文以目的论的角度以美国队长3为例来对影视字幕的翻译进行研究。以目的论的角度分析影视字幕的翻译，主要是遵循“目的论”的原则，来对影视美国队长3进行探讨研究。论文根据目的论的三原 则和翻译的特点，即“目的原则”、“连贯原则”，和“忠实原则”对影视进行层次分析。首先分析目的论的发展，然后再分析目的论在影视中的体现，最后对本文的总结概括。通过目的论在翻译中的作用，来更好 的对影视作品的字幕进行翻译，让观众更好的欣赏影视作品。 关键词：目的论；字幕翻译；翻译原则；翻译策略 CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction1Chapter 2 Skopostheorie42.1 Definition Of Skopostheorie42.2 Development Of Skopostheorie42.3 Three Rules Of Skopostheorie52.3.1 Skopos Rule52.3.2 Coherence Rule62.3.3 Fidelity Rule7Chapter3 Study on Subtitle Translation83.1 Definition of Subtitle Translation83.2 Characteristics of Subtitle Translation83.3 Functions of Subtitle Translation103.4 Constraints of Subtitle Translation11Chapter4 Analysis of Translation of Subtitle Translation of Captain America: Civil War124.1 Introduction to Captain America: Civil War124.2 The Skopos of subtitle Translation of Captain America: Civil War134.2.1 Conveying Film Information134.2.2 Gaining Commercial Value144.3 The Directors Intention and the Expectation of Target Audience144.4 Analysis of Subtitle Translation of Captain American: Civil War Based on Skopostheorie154.4.1 Analysis of Subtitle Translation from Skopos Rule164.4.2 Analysis of Subtitle Translation from Coherence Rule164.4.3 Analysis of Subtitle Translation from Fidelity Rule174.5 Translation Methods in Subtitle Translation of American Captain: Civil War184.5.1 Omission and Amplification184.5.2 Domestication and Foreignization194.5.3 Literal Translation and Free Translation21Chapter5 Conclusion23Reference24A Study of Captain America: Civil War Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of SkopostheorieChapter 1 Introduction Nowadays, the trend of globalization has become irreversible. The increasing of foreign films in China seems to be more popular than before. Film can be regarded as a kind of art to spread some information as valuable culture in target area where the film has been accepted. Due to the difference culture among difference countries, the audience can not appreciate the film quite well without the same language and culture. Therefore, the subtitle translation become very necessary for those audiences who have problem on film appreciation. In China, the subtitle translation is in low level for the subtitle translation is still in original situation. The subtitle translation started in 1949, and has more than half century history for now. In the past few decades, the films and television works had been imported rapidity in China. By comparison, Western country has long history in subtitle translation study than China, the subtitle translation work is a new area for China so that the subtitle translation has a good prospect. But for now, the subtitle translation work isnt optimistic, the translators have their own imperfection for the different culture quality so that the translation level is limited. As for the audience, the film which hasnt good subtitle translation will influence audience to appreciate it.There is no doubt that the translator plays an important role in film translation industry. the film has many functions here are two functions.Obviously, to improve the commercial value is the first objective. the subtitle translation level has the direct effect for the audience to enjoy the film. The second function of the film is entertaining the audience to spirit need. The subtitle translation plays a quite important role in film industry. If subtitle translation is not good, the film can not get optimistic commercial value, and the audience could not enjoy the film. Hopefully, this thesis can give some advises for the translation work to improve the poor situation in subtitle translation. As for the original step of the subtitle translation in China, the work doesnt look optimistic. The translators focus on the traditional aspect, for example the literature and the poem ,so that they have not enough experiences to hand the aspect of the film translation. China is still in low position in film translation including the practical operation,theory building. For the reasons why we have such condition, the researcher think the literature translation more valuable than the subtitle translation. For most of the translators, they have no specific theory playing an important role on subtitle translation. In their view, the subtitle translation is a kind of skill. Because the translators have to finish the subtitle translation work in very short time before the film on the screen, but they do no have enough time to process the subtitle translation. For the further progress, China should pay more attention on the theory of the translation and absorb the latest works of translation from western countries. The most effective way to make the big progress of the translation is absorbing the great translation theory ,and then to create Chinese subtitle translation which is based on the practice. All in all, Chinese subtitle translation level is in low position, and has not the perfect translation theory to guide the subtitle translation. On the other hand, China has a big market in subtitle translation and has a optimistic prospect. According to the status of the subtitle translation, the thesis has listed some significances of the study in subtitle translation. Firstly, China has the unique culture connotation to show the world. And to let the world get to know China well. And also subtitle translation has the important significance to put into the strategic of going global. Operating different subtitle translation can promote the culture exchange. Secondly, the Chinas subtitle translation is on the going and needs more theoretical basis to give the way for the subtitle translation. As for the third part, studying the subtitle translation can make Chinese movie to go out around the world so that the Chinese movies will have more opportunities to show the unique culture to the world on the big world platform. This thesis from the perspective of Skopostheorie, tries to study the subtitle translation of Captain America: Civil War. The Skopostheorie is the guide in the process of subtitle translation. The thesis will give two way to analysis the subtitle translation based on the perspective of Skopostheorie. (1)literature descriptive and inductive method: This thesis mainly summarizes the relevant literature and presents us a systematic pectination of it. Firstly, to collect the useful resources from the net. And then, to summarize and inductive the resources that has collected. (2) Combining theoretical analysis with case analysis: to analysis the film Captain America: Civil War systematically. In order to study the subtitle translation more deeply, we need to watch the film over and over again based on the Skopostheorie. The different countries have different ways to express the meanings, Only watching the film over and over again, will get the meanings closer and closer. This thesis is divided in five chapters. The first is the introduction about the research background,significance of study, research methodology and the structure of the thesis. Chapter two is about the Skopostheorie, including the definition of Skopostheorie, development of Skopostheorie and the three Rules of Skopostheorie. Chapter three is about the study on subtitle translation, including the definition of subtitle translation, the characteristics of subtitle, the constraints of subtitle translation and the functions of subtitle. Chapter four is a case study about the analysis of translation of Captain America: Civil War. In this chapter we will introduce the film Captain America: Civil War. and then try to analyse the film based on the Skopos theory and the translation methods. Chapter five draws a conclusion of the thesis. 3Chapter 2 Skopostheorie2.1 Definition Of SkopostheorieSkopostheorie was originally put forward by the German scholar Han J.Vermeer in 1978. Skopos is a Greek word for aim or purpose and was introduced into translation theory by Vermeer as a technical term for the purpose of a translation and the action of translating.(Munday,2001:78). According to Vermeer, the prime principle deterring any translation process is the purpose(Skopos) of the overall translation action. Or to put it another way, the ends justify the means(Reiss & Vermeer, 1984:101). And the prime rule that translators should abide by is Skopos rule and Skopos here mainly refers to the communicative function of the target text.2.2 Development Of Skopostheorie Skopostheorie was originally put forward by the German scholar Han J.Vermeer in 1978. The emergence of this theory reflects the overall shift of translation ,which is from the original dominant linguistic and theory to pay more attention to the function and translation theory social-cultural factors. The history of the Skopostheorie can be divide to three stage:the embryonic stage, developmental stage and mature stage. In 1970s, Katharine Reiss officially kick of the early research for Skopostheorie. According to the original text, Katharine Reiss has divided it into the information text, the expression type text, operation text and sound text. Depending on the purpose and characteristics of each text, Katharine Reiss think it should take a different translation strategies and methods. Reiss view made the translation theory break away from the traditional static language analysis model, which is a great step forward in the history of translation, for the birth of Skopostheorie. In the developmental stage, HansVermeer is the representative. Vermeer think the translation is the human behavior that has purpose. The process of translate also has the specific aim or goal, and in the target language context will emerge the result and effect. Soon, Justa Holtz Manttari has further improve the theory translation action, and based on Vermeers theory has put forward the effects from the client and consignor to the process of translate. Justa Holtz Manttari also has emphasized the translators choice and the readers condition so that made the research of translation get rid of the limit of the text. In the mature stage, Christine Nord had further improved the Skopos theory, and put forward the fidelity rule according to the function translation theory.Christiane Nord had absorbed the most great part of the Skopos theories, and created his own translation pattern.The research of the Skopos translation become more and more mature.2.3 Three Rules Of Skopostheorie The Skopostheorie is the most important part of the function translation theory. According to the Skopostheorie, the translation is kind of culture interaction action based on the original text, and has clear purpose. The aim of the translation is to make people who have some problems in communication to achieve communication. The translation action is to express some information that the author wanted to the target people. The Skopostheorie has three rules: Skopos rule, coherence rule,fidelity rule.2.3.1 Skopos Rule The Skopos rule is the basis rule in Skopostheorie. Vermeer had mentioned that Skopos determines the act of translation.that is, “the end justifies the means” (Reiss and Vermeer 1984: 101). Vermeer explains the Skopos rule as follows: Each text is produced for a given purpose and should serve this purpose. The Skopos rule thus read as follow: translate/interpret/speak/write in a way that enables your text translation to function in the situation in which it is used and with the people who want to use it and precisely in the way they want it to function (Vermeer 1989: 20). The main aim of the translation act is determine the translation act process and the methods. In other words, the translation not necessary be fidelity. Vermeer think the text has created on specific purpose, and should serve for that. The translator to choose strategy of translation is determined by lots of the inside text and outside text. One of the address design can show the way target text has been accepted. The different strategy of the translation can serve different purpose, the translation proper, paraphrase or re-editing can handle different needs of communication. All in all, the purpose of the translation act determine the translation methods and the choice of translation strategy. The Skopostheorie can summarize three parts for the final purpose of the translation act: translators purpose, the communication purpose of translation text, the specific purpose. Among these purpose, the communication purpose of translation text is more important usually. 2.3.2 Coherence Rule The coherence rule requires the translation text correspond with the standard of intra-textual coherence, which is the translation text has the characteristics of readability and acceptability. and also make it easy for receiver to understand. According to the coherence rule, the translator should make a meaningful text for the target reader, which means the receiver should understand the translation text. the best translation text could blend in the context of the target language. The translator deliver the translation text after the original text has been processed accord to the standard of coherence rule. In other words, the translation text fit the receivers context so that the translation text will be acceptable and has the characteristics of readability and acceptability.Inter-textual coherence requires the target language and original text should be coherence. The meaning of the translation text should be close to the original text for the translation should express the original text information. In the process of the translation, the translators understanding for the original text will affect the inter-textual coherence between the original text and translation text. Whether inter-textual coherence exists in text has been determined by the translators understanding of the original text. 2.3.3 Fidelity Rule Fidelity rule was mentioned by Christiane Nord. Nord had found two defects of Skopostheorie. firstly, people from different area have different view about the quality of translation text for the different culture background. If the Skopos rule require the purpose of translation text against the original text, the resolve is follow the Skopos rule. Therefore, Nord had mentioned the fidelity rule to deal with the contradict between cultural difference and translation act. The fidelity rule requires that translator should have an loyalty to the another. Translator should respect author, the translation text should be close to original text. Thereby, the fidelity rule mainly focus on the relation between translator, client, receiver and participator. The three rules have constituted Skopostheorie, but the coherence rule and fidelity rule must obey the Skopos rule. As for the standard of translation, the adequacy is the best way to evaluate not equivalence.711Chapter3 Study on Subtitle Translation3.1 Definition of Subtitle Translation As for the definition of subtitle translation , there are many definitions to film subtitle. As Gottlieb Henrik defines: “film subtitle is the reading in a different language of verbal messages in filmic media presented on the screen in synch with the shape of one or more lines of written text original verbal message”. According to Merriam Websters Collegiate Dictionary, film subtitle is a printed statement or fragment of dialogue appearing o