浙江省余姚市高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解精炼（三）.doc

余姚市（浙江）2017高考英语阅读理解一轮精炼阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2014绍兴统考)when people first walked across the bering land bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal science. robert wayne of the university of california, los angeles, and jennifer leonard of the smithsonian institute, used dna materialsome of it unearthed by miners in alaskato conclude that todays domestic dog originated in asia and accompanied the first humans to the new world about 10, 000 to 15, 000 years ago. wayne suggests that mans best friend may have enabled the tough journey from asia into north america. “dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge, ”said wayne. “they can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and theyre useful to eat. ”researchers have agreed that todays dog is the result of the domestication(驯化)of wolves thousands of years ago. before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of north americas domestic dog was that natives domesticated local wolves, the descendants(后代)of which now live with people in alaska, canada, and the lower 48. dog remains from a fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected dna from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层)until fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. the miners donated the preserved bones to the american museum of natural history in new york city, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. after borrowing the bones from the museum, leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the alaska dogs. they found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 a. d. , before vitus bering and aleksey chirikov who were the first known europeans to view alaska in 1741. “the bones of dogs that wandered the fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of pure native american dogs, ”leonard said. the dna of the fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendants of wolves from north america. along with the fairbanks samples, the researchers collected dna from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本)from mexico, peru, and bolivia that existed before the arrival of columbus. in the case of both the alaska dogs and the dogs from latin america, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of europe and asia. this supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the new world with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge. leonard and waynes study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the bering land bridge to slowly populate the americas. wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep, ”wayne said. “they didnt feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource. ”【文章大意】本文是科普性文章。说明了在几千年前狗陪同人们一起跨过白令大陆桥进入北美大陆, 并且在此繁殖起来。而通过检测发掘出的狗骨头的dna也证实了这一点。1. the underlined word“remains”is closest in meaning to“”. a. leftover foodb. animal wastec. dead bodiesd. living environment【解析】选c。词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句话“leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected dna from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost”说明是在永冻层发现的狗的骨头, 所以remains应该是尸体。故c正确。2. according to the study described in paragraph 4, we can learn that. a. ancient dogs entered north america between 1450 and 1675 a. d. b. the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native american dogsc. the bones discovered by the gold miners were from north american wolvesd. the bones studied were not from dogs brought into north america by europeans【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据“they found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 a. d. , before vitus bering and aleksey chirikov who were the first known europeans to view alaska in 1741. . . ”可判断出被研究的骨头不是欧洲人带到北美的狗的骨头。所以d正确。3. what can we know from the passage? a. native americans domesticated local wolves into dogs. b. scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in the 1920s. c. latin americas dogs are different from north americas in genes. d. ancient dogs entered north america across the bering land bridge. 【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第一段“when people first walked across the bering land bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal science. ”可知d正确。4. what does the passage mainly talk about? a. the origin of the north american dogs. b. the dna study of ancient dogs in america. c. the reasons why early people entered america. d. the difference between asian and american dogs. 【解析】选a。推理判断题。文章第一段提到狗和人们一同跨过the bering land bridge, 第二、三、四、五段研究狗的dna“to conclude that todays domestic dog originated in asia”, “researchers have agreed that todays dog is the result of the domestication of wolves thousands of years ago”, 所以文章中心是谈论北美的狗的起源。【2014高考英语综合能力测试题】few of us act alone in the world. most things are done with the help or ideas of other people. group projects are very popular in high schools, because they often allow you to do a bigger, more interesting project than you could do alone. with group work, you can actually learn more from others. group projects in high schools also give you a chance to get to know kids you may not otherwise meet or talk with - maybe the quiet kid in the third row, the boy who lives down the street, or the girl youre sometimes scared to say “hi” to. group projects are also a great way to practice skills you are not so sure of, such as working on a deadline, staying organized, or being patient. if youre a little nervous when talking in front of a group, a joint project can help you become more comfortable with it. maybe your group will cull you to tell the whole class about your project. if so, youll know your whole group is rooting for you! here are some tips for making group projects really work. you might think the first step is to figure out who will do what, but actually it s getting to know one another a little. take a few minutes to chat. even if you know each other well, it can help to take a minute to think about .your skills, and share your strengths and weaknesses. the second step is to go over basic rules from your teacher and create other rules that are helpful to your group work.31. it can be inferred from the text that in the world _. a. only few people may act alone in the world b. we must depend on others in everything we do c. one cannot practice without going to high schools d. it is almost impossible for one to work without cooperation with others32. according to paragraph l, with 90up projects, you can _. a. learn to respect others b. avoid making mistakes c. do a better job and learn more from others d. save more energy in doing something33. the underlined word “cull” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to“_”. a. warn b. pick c teach d. believe34. the author thinks that the first step of group projects is to _. a. know your goal b. make a plan for the work c. know the detail of the work d. communicate with each other35. what would be the best title for the text? a. group projects in society b. group projects in high schools c. the importance of group projects d. how to carry out group projects【参考答案】31-35 dcbdb本文阐述了学校团队活动的重要意义及步骤。在团队中会使人克服孤单，发挥集体优势，提高工作效率；团队活动还能帮助人提高工作能力，发挥自己的优势。31. d。推理判断题。根据第一段前两句few of us act alone in the world. most things are done with the help or ideas of other people.可知答案。32. c。推理判断题。根据第一段后半部分allow you to do a bigger, more interesting project than you could do alone. with group work, you can actually learn more from others.可知答案。33. b。词义猜测题。根据第二段最后三句知，如果你在一个团队成员面前讲话有点紧张，那么团队活动可以帮助你越来越适应当众讲话。或许你的团队会挑选你把你们小组的活动讲述给全班同学听。如果是这样，那么你就会知道你的小组一直在鼓励你。34. d。细节理解题。根据第三段的but actually its getting to know one another a little.可知答案。35. b。主旨大意题。文章开头的两段介绍了小组合作的意义，下文介绍了小组合作的步骤，故选项b最具有概括性。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中，选出最佳选项。【2014质量检测】it must be something that many american companies hold a baby contest. of course, babies are wonderful, and many parents would be the first to agree. companies really bring in much money.walgreens baby contestif you play the new baby milestones challenge contest by babycenter & walgreens, you could win $1,000 in walgreens & b gift cards and certificates. you can play the instant winner if you get a $25 walgreens gift card, but you also have to write down your email address and receive all their sales and other information for the contest.kids and babieskids and babies are accepting entries for may 2014 free photo contest. baby photo galley with theme albums and age group albums is moved to the new website cute baby gallery. check kidsandb for their baby photo contest blogs latest update. the grand prize is $25,000. the catch: winners are decided by the visitors coming to the site and voting for their favorite babies, so you have to advertise their site for them.pp has a website only for their members, but if you are into baby photos, it is well worth surfing. you could receive offers on free samples, money-saving coupons (优惠券), and chances to win the latest contests.avonavon is another company that has a baby photo contest this spring. avon is advertising their newest collection. it is avons only collection for the photos of babies. babies age: newborn to 2 years. just go to tinyt and upload your recent babys photos. the first place baby will be featured in a tiny tillia storybooks and win a $5,000 u.s. savings bond. ten beautiful girls will win $300 worth of tiny tillia products.the tip is to run a search engine for all the latest contests going on and start entering them today. you could be lucky and win enough to put your baby through college! have fun! 21. what is the basic condition for you to play the instant winner in walgreens & b?a. getting a gift card.b. getting a certificate.c. winning 1,000 dollars.d. receiving information for the contest22. if you want your baby to win the 2014 free photo contest, you will _.a. have to spend $ 25,000 b. take your baby to the gallery in mayc. upload more photos of your babyd. have to help to advertise their site 23. what can we learn from this passage?a. free photo contest will be held in march, 2014b. avon is a website that will hold a baby photo contestc. p accepts the photos of all kinds of people babiesd. parents can upload their one-year-old babys photos to tinytillia. com24. in the last paragraph, the author advises parents to _ .a. try their best to take good care of their babyb. enter the contests as soon as possiblec. encourage their kids to go to college when they grow upd. find more tips for winning the contests21. a. 细节理解题。由第三段第三行可知。22. d. 细节理解题。由第五段最后一行可知。23. d. 细节理解题。由倒数第二段第三行可知。24. b. 写作意图题。由最后一段可知。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中，选出最佳选项。【2014质量检测】five years ago, david smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “i was a clothes addict.” he jokes. “i used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so i could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” today david wears casual clotheskhaki pants and a sports shirtto the office. he hardly ever wears a necktie. “i am working harder than ever.” david says, “and i need to feel comfortable.”more and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. in the united states, the change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. in the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on friday（but only on friday）. this became known as “dress-down friday” or “casual friday”. “what started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant maisly jones.why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? one reason is that its easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code.” “a lot of young people dont want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so its hard to hire people if you have a conservative（保守的）dress code.” another r