湖北省安陆市高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解暑假自练（一）.doc

湖北安陆市2017高考英语阅读理解暑假自练.阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014江西省南昌两校高三上学期第四次联考】the american newspaper publisher arthur sulzberger sr died at the age of 86.mr sulzberger led the new york times for more than three decades，before passing the business to his son.he took over the paper in 1963 when it was in financial trouble，and transformed it into the heart of a multibillion dollar media empire.his family announced he had died at his home in southampton，new york state，after a long illness.his son，arthur sulzberger jr，said in a statement that his father，whom he referred to by his childhood nickname of punch，was “one of our industrys most admired executives”“punch，the old marine captain who never backed down from a fight，was an absolutely fierce defender of the freedom of the press，” he said.the new york times was bought by mr sulzberger srs grandfather adolph ochs in 1896.during mr sulzbergers tenure，the new york times won 31 pulitzer prizes.born in new york city,5 february 1926，sr served in marine corps during world war and korean war，joined the new york times in 1951 after graduating from columbia college，took over as publisher in 1963 after his brotherinlaw died suddenly，stepped down in 1997 and passed stewardship to his son，arthur sulzberger jr.he oversaw a huge circulation boost at the paper，and increased its parent companys annual revenues (年收入) from $100m in 1963 to $1.7bn by the time he stepped down in 1997.he also led the paper through highlevel clashes with the political establishment.in 1971，the times published a series of stories saying that politicians had systematically lied over the us involvement in vietnam.the source was thousands of leaked government documents known as the pentagon papers.the nixon administration demanded that the paper stop publishing the stories on grounds of national security.but the paper refused，and then won the subsequent court case by arguing that the first amendment of the us constitution (宪法) guaranteed free speech.the case is seen as a landmark in the history of free speech in the us.mr sulzberger said he read more than 7,000 pages of the pentagon papers before personally deciding to publish them.his family still holds a controlling stake (控股权) in the new york times.he was a strong believer in family ownership of newspapers.he once joked：“my conclusion is simple.nepotism works.”1when did arthur sulzberger sr die?ain 1997.bin 2012.cin 1963.din 1971.2punch，the old marine captain was actually_.aarthur sulzberger jrbadolph ochscarthur sutzberger srs fatherdarthur sulzberger sr3which of the following is true according to the passage?aarthur sulzberger sr took over the new york times from his brotherinlaw.barthur sulzberger jrs grandfather bought the new york times.carthur sulzberger sr resigned when the new york times was in financial trouble.darthur sulzberger jr took over the new york times after graduating from columbia college.4in the political case in the 1970s，mr sulzberger_.afailed the case in the endblost the controlling stake in the new york timescgave in to the governmentd succeeded in guarding free speech of the paper5what does the underlined word “nepotism” probably refer to?afriendship.bpolitics.cfamily ownershipdfreedom of speech.语篇解读本文介绍了纽约时报前总裁arthur sulzberger sr的生平。1解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句中的“arthur sulzberger sr died at the age of 86” 和第四段第一句中的“born in new york city,5 february 1926”可知，他出生于1926年，去世时86岁，由此可知他在2012年去世。答案：b2解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“his son，arthur sulzberger jr，said in a statement that his father，whom he referred to by his childhood nickname of punch，was one of our industrys most admired executives”可知punch，the old marine captain指arthur sulzberger sr。答案：d3解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“sr served in marine corps.took over as publisher in 1963 after his brotherinlaw died suddenly”可知，a项正确。b项中的“arthur sulzberger jrs grandfather”错误；根据第一段最后一句可知c项错误；根据第四段可知d项错误。答案：a4解析：考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“national security.but the paper refused，and then won the subsequent court case”可知，d项符合题意。答案：d5解析：考查词义猜测。根据画线词前面的“he was a strong believer in family ownership of newspapers.”可推测，画线词指的应是family ownership。答案：c。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。recognized as the largest desert in the world, the sahara runs across north africa, covering over 3 million square miles from the atlantic coast to the nile river valley. except for an occasional oasis(绿洲), this vast land is mainly made up of sand, stones, and worn out mountains. the burning sun causes daytime temperatures to rise to 70 degrees in the shade, and days without rain commonly last for years.paintings found on the walls of caves in the sahara desert suggest that a few thousand years ago, large quantities of plants grew there and covered the desert floor. many curious and unusual insects, birds and animals got enough food that allowed them to grow and reproduce. at that time, huge river systems and many oases supported growing communities(社团，社区) where a large number of people lived.research scientists believe that the land became a desert for several reasons. for centuries people there have wandered from place to place in search of food, water and grazing(吃草)land for their animals. these people have always considered the number of animals they have as a sign of wealth. it is considered more important to have 100 sick and starving animals than 15 healthy ones. the large herds (群)have been allowed to go freely and graze on desert plants and grass. over time, large sections of land have been left uncovered. in addition to allowing overgrazing, these people cut down whatever trees they could find and used them for firewood. the sand was unable to hold on to the great heat of the day, so nightting temperatures often drop below freezing and nothing was left to hold the soil together.scientists have been studying different ways to bring back the green desert. through research and experiments, they hope to be able to produce plants that will once again support the life there. huge holes filled with much water lie under the desert surface. scientists believe this rainwater simply flew down through the sand over hundreds of years and collected in the big, rocky holding tanks. by making use of the suns power, scientists in the sahara have made experiments in which they got huge amount of electricity. this electricity was then used to operate drilling machines and pumps to pull the rainwater from the underground tanks. by drilling the hole one mile deep into the floor of the desert, one machine was able to recover more than 80 gallons of icecold water each second, or 288,000 gallons per hour.scientists have had some success turning this wasteland into useful farmland. today the desert is dotted with huge wheat fields watered by a system of pipes that carry water from the underground tanks. farmers have also learnt that plants grow better if seeds are planted next to stones. studies show that stones provide protection from the sun, allowing seeds to grow in a shady and cool environment. in addition to that, greenhouses have been built to protect plants from the sunshine so that less water is needed. another idea is to grow plants that can live on a diet of salt water, since the ocean is so near to the desert.1. what will probably happen if the local people continue their customs and traditions?a. the desert will continue to be enlarged.b. tourists will begin traveling to north africa.c. more oases will begin to appear across the desert.d. the number of healthy animals will become larger. 答案解析：答案为a。本题为推理题。结合前三段可知，撒哈拉沙漠原本是绿洲，后由于人类过度放牧（overgrazing）、滥砍乱伐（these people cut down whatever trees they could find ）导致了沙漠的形成和扩大，因此可以推断，如果当地人继续沿袭他们的老传统，会导致沙漠继续扩大。故答案为a。2. which of the flowing statements is a fact presented in the passage?a. the desert is rich in beautiful color and scenery.b. camels can go for days without drinking any water.c. the sahara will one day become a beautiful garden.d. large river systems once supported many communities.答案解析：答案为d。本题为推理题。考生需看清题意，要求选择与原文符合的事实。由第二段最后一句话 “at that time, huge river systems and many oases supported growing communities where a large number of people lived.”可知，答案为d。由第一段 “except for an occasional oasis, this vast land is mainly made up of sand, stones, and worn out mountains.”可知，a选项错误；b选项未提及；c选项也不是事实。故答案为d。3. the author of the passage provides evidences (证据)that scientists are .a. pleased by the progress but do not have the money to continueb. discouraged by the poor results of their experiments c. hopeful about the chances of life coming back to the desertd. troubled by the lack of water found underground 答案解析：答案为c。本题为推理题。由最后两段可知，科学家一直在研究让沙漠变绿洲的办法，并且已经付诸实践，取得了一定的成效，故可推断，科学家满怀希望想使撒哈拉沙漠恢复生机。故答案为c。4. which of the following is the best summary of this passage?a. drilling machines help to water the desert floor and make plants and animals alive.bscientists have been able to turn this large wasteland into a successful farming community.c. so much soil has become sand that the desert will never be able to support life as it once did.d. the desert no longer supports plenty of life, but researchers hope to change it with new scientific techniques. 答案解析：答案为d。本题为主旨大意题。本文揭示了撒哈拉沙漠形成的原因，重点是介绍科学家依靠科学技术试图让这片沙漠变成绿洲的方法。故答案为d。【山东省潍坊市2014高考英语3月模拟试题】eresearchers at the university of kansas say that people can accurately juage 90 percent of a strangers personality simply by looking at the persons shoes“shoes convey useful information about their wearers，the authors wrote in the new study published in the journal of research in personalitylead researcher omri gillath said the judgments were based on the style，cost，color and condition of someones shoesin the study，63 university of kansas researchers looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the studys participantsvolunteers in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes，and then filled out a personality questionnairesome of the results were expected：people with higher incomes most commonly wore expensive shoes，and flashier shoes were typically worn by outgoing peoplehowever，some of the more specific results are strange enoughfor example，“practical and functional shoes were generally worn by more “pleasant people，while ankle boots were more linked with aggressive personalitiesthe strangest of all may be that those who wore uncomfortable looking” shoes tend to have “calm” personalitiesand if you have several pairs of new shoes or take extreme care of them，you may suffer from “attachment anxiety，spending lots of time worrying about what other people think of your appearancethere was even a political calculation in the mix with more liberal(主张变革的)types wearing “shabbier and less expensive” shoesthe researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personalities，but researchers noted that volunteers were also likely to be unaware that their footwear choices were showing the deep side of their personalities【小题1】what does this text mainly tell us?ashoes call hide peoples real personalitiesbshoes convey false information about the wearercpeoples personalities call be judged by their shoesdpeople know little about their personalities【小题2】the participants were asked to aprovide pictures of their shoesblook at pictures of different shoescdesign a personality questionnairedhand in their commonly worn shoes【小题3】which of the results is beyond peoples expectation?awealthy people often wear expensive shoesbpleasant people like wearing uncomfortable shoescaggressive people are likely to wearankle bootsdfashion shoes are typically worn by outgoing people【小题4】people suffering from“attachment anxiety” tend to awear strange shoes bworry about their appearancechave a calm character dbecome a political leader【小题5】the author wrote the text in order to ainform us of a new study bintroduce a research methodcteach how to choose shoes ddescribe different personalitie考点：考查科学调查类短文阅读。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。explaining chinas peaceful growth to the american politicians and public will top president hu jintaos agenda when he visits the united states from september 5 to 8.“ this will be conductive to the development of sinous relations and chinas relationships with the rest of the world.” he yafei, director of the department of north american affairs, said at a news briefing yesterday.it will be hus first state visit to the us after he became president in 2003. he will meet us president george w.bush and legislators in washington dc and business people in seattle, and deliver a speech at yale university in new haven. also on the list of areas of concern for hu and bush may be trade, taiwan, energy and nuclear issue on the korean peninsula.chinas favorable balance of trade with the us derives from different economic structures in the two countries. the two economies supplement and benefit each other instead of competing, and the us should loosen its grip over its exports, especially high-tech products, to china, he said.after his us trip, president hu will travel to canada and mexico from september 8 to 13, and back to new york on september 14 to attend the world summit and other activities in celebration of the 60th anniversary of the united nations.hu will wrap up his tour on september 16 at the un in a show chinas support for the world body and multilateralism.at yesterdays news briefing, he also disclosed that the fourth round of sixparty talks on korean peninsula nuclear issue will be resumed in the week of september 12.1. the underlined