湖北省宜昌市高中英语 Unit 4 Sharing Period III Grammar 定语从句学案（无答案）新人教版选修7.doc

unit 4 sharing period iii grammar 定语从句一、【学习目标】1、复习和掌握定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用和功能，能准确选择定语从句所需的关系代词或关系副词。2、较好地掌握定语从句的用法，理解定语从句，运用知识点解题。 二、【合作探究】一、走近定语从句定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。先行词: 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用: _作用，引导定语从句。 代替主句中的_，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 在定语从句中充当一个_。 二、走进定语从句1、限制性定语从句：种类先行词关联词例句说明定语从句（人）在从句中做主语或宾语（物）在从句中做主语或宾语who(whom)whichthis is the doctor who saved the boys life.she is the new student (whom / who) i want to introduce to you.please pass me the book which is lying on the table. the novel (which) tom bought is very interesting. can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday? who在从句中做主语在从句中做宾语，可省.但做介词宾语时只能用whomwhich在从句中做主语。which充当宾语时可省which做介词宾语不可省人或物thatthe woman that is playing the piano is miss zhang. id like to see the films that are just on show.they talked for about an hour of things andpersons (that) they remember in the school.that指人做主语that指物做主语先行词分别表示人和物，关系代词要用that.做宾语时可省 定语从句人或物thatill tell you all (that )i know about it .is there anything (that) i can do for you?ive brought everything (that ) you need.this is the best film (that) i have seen .the first place (that) well visit is beijing library. he is the only person that is believable.john is the very person (that) she wants to see.who is the man that is talking with tom ?which of the books (that) you bought is easy to read? 先行词为all, little, much或some, any, every, no 构成的合成代词，关系代词要用that.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时定从用that引导。先行词被the only, the very, the same 等修饰时用that.当主句以who、which开头的特殊疑问句时，定从要用that人或物的whosethe professor whose daughter teaches you english is dr. williams = the professor, the daughter of whom teaches you english is dr. williams.the bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired. =the bike the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired.whose在从句中做定语指某人的也可以用of whom代替whose指物时也可以用of which 代替 whose时间whenhe came at a time when we needed him most.well never forget the day when the peoples republic of china was founded. 在定从中作时间状语地 点wherethis is the room where he put up for the night.这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子。在定从中作地点状语原因理由whyi know the reason why she studies so well .在定从中作原因状语2非限制性定语从句种类先行词关联词例 句说 明非限制性定语从句人物指代主句中的一部分 or整个句子的内容whowhomgeorge, who is my classmate, has won a scholarship. dr. li, whom i know very well, will come here tomorrow. who, whom不能省去，也不能用that代替which指物，不可省去，也不能用that代替which作主语指它前面的整个句子，不可用that代替，强调结果。as指全句,在从句中做主语。as指全句意思，在从句中做宾语。as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，句中或句末。用于the sameas, such as ,asas等结构中。whichasi gave him a new year card, which he enjoyed very much. he studied hard at school when he was young, which led to his success in his later life.he gets up early, as is always his habit.john was admitted into the college, as we had expected. the earth, as is known to all , is round.this is the same book as i lost yesterday.这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。3限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去, 主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标 点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人who (that) whom指物which (that)人和物whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）指物which人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子三、考点聚焦1定语从句三步骤：第一找出_；第二看先行词在定语从句中的_（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的_。2关系代词that 与which的选择(1) 只用 that 的情况归纳4种：即先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰；/ 先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词；/ 先行词同时是人和物并列时；/ 先行词分别被the only 、the very 、the same、the last 修饰。(2) 只用which 情况有两种情况：一是非限制性定语从句，关连词要用which；二是做介词宾语时只能用which。 i said nothing, _.我什么也没说，这让他更生气。 （make）i have the book about_.我有你正在谈论的那本书。(talk)3. 介词+关系代词 （1）能用于介词+关系代词引导定语从句的代词只有which 和whom. the farm _ has taken on a new look. (work)我曾经工作过的那个农场已呈现出一种新面貌。 who is the man _. (shake)正在和我们老师握手的那个人是谁? there are over 3,000 workers, _. (percent)那有三千多名工人，其中百分之八十是妇女。 (2) 当引导词在定语从中作介词宾语时，介词可以提前放在which 或whom 之前，也可放于原来的位置。但含有介词的动词固定词组除外。 this is the room (which / that) lu xun used to live in. = this is the room _. this is the person _.这就是你正在寻找的那个人。 (look)4. as 和which 都可指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，一般情况下可互换。 this elephant is like a snake, as / which anybody can see. he left her, as / which was strange. (1) 引导词代表前面整个主句并在从句中作主语且谓语动词不是系动词时只能用which; he didnt say a word, which surprised us. (不能用as)(2) 下列情况下只能用as: 放于句首；表示“正如，正像”时；用于类似插入语的句式中 (as is said above; as is known to all, as it is ) _ in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. (report) 正如报纸上所报道的，两国之间的谈判正取得进步。 5. 在定语从句中，许多人往往分不清all that 和what, what 实际上只引导名词性从句，它相当于all that两个字，例如： all that i know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place. = _ is that 6. 关系代词做主语时谓语中数的判断: who, which, that 本身没有数和性的变化，它们的数和性应以先行词的数和性而定，从句中谓语动词应与现行词的单复数一致。 all the boys _in the river are from wuhan. (swim) 所有在河里游泳的男孩都来自武汉。 he is one of the students _. (diligent)他是很勤奋的学生之一。 he is the only one of the students _. (pass)他是唯一一个已通过了考试的学生。 7. 定语从句与强调结构or 其它从句的区别(1) 定从与强调结构的区别：判断强调结构的方法是采用删除法，即去掉it is / was + that / who (人)部分，若整个句子结构和意义不受影响则为强调结构。was it during the second world war _ (die)他是不是在二战期间死去的？ - where did you get to know her? - it was on the farm _. (work)是在我们工作的那个农场。 (2) 定从与地点状语从句的区别：看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句。 you should leave the toy _. (find)我应该把玩具放在你能找到它的地方. i still remember the bus stop _. (meet)我依然记得我遇到你的那个公交车站。(3) 定从与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中做成分，做成分的是定语从句，不做成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。 he had to settle the problem _. (leave)他不得不解决他们留下的问题。 word came _ in hainan. (take)有消息说一场可怕的暴风雨将发生在海南。(4) 定从与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中做成分，做成分的是定语从句。 he is such a kind person that everybody likes him. _ he is such a kind person as everybody likes . _三、【合作探究】1. she wore a heavy fur coat in such a hot day, _. (find)这么热的天她穿了一件厚厚的皮毛大衣，我觉得相当奇怪。2. it is widely accepted that children _will become spoiled. (give) 普遍认为习惯了被给予的孩子会被宠坏。3. this is the explanation _ by him. (put)这是他提出的解释。 4. those _ may do as the games show them to and become a threat to society. (addict)那些沉溺于暴力游戏的人有可能会像游戏里展现给他们的那样去做，成为社会的威胁。5. water, _, makes life possible. (seem) 水看似简单，却使生命成为可能。 6. between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ an ice cream. (buy) 在音乐会的两个部分之间有个间歇，此时观众可以购买冰淇淋。7. now you can see weve come to the point _. (need) 现在你可以看到，我们已经到了急切需要改变的地步。 8. the city _