湖北省安陆市高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解暑假自测自练（二）.doc

湖北安陆市2017高考英语阅读理解暑假自测自练（二）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014江西省九江市高三年级模拟考试】many people think of the brain as a mystery.they dont know much about intelligence and how it works.when they do think about what intelligence is，many people believe that a person is born smart，average，or dumband stays that way in the whole life.but new research shows that the brain is more like a muscleit changes and gets stronger when you use it.and scientists have been able to show just how the brain grows and gets stronger when you learn.everyone knows that when you lift weights，your muscles get bigger and you get stronger.a person who cant lift 20 pounds when he/she starts exercising can get strong enough to lift 100 pounds after working out for a long time.thats because the muscles become larger and stronger with exercise.and when you stop exercising，the muscles shrink and you get weaker.thats why people say “use it or lose it！” but most people dont know that when they practice and learn new things，parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise.inside the cortex (皮层) of the brain are billions of tiny nerve cells，called neurons.the nerve cells have branches connecting them to other cells in a complicated network.communication between these brain cells is what allows us to think and solve problems.when you learn new things，these tiny connections in the brain actually multiply and get stronger.the more you challenge your mind to learn，the more your brain cells grow.then，things that you once found very hard or even impossible to dolike speaking a foreign language or doing algebra (代数)seem to become easy after learning them for a period of time.the result is a stronger，smarter brain.scientists started thinking that the human brain could develop and change when they studied animals brains.they found out that animals that lived in a challenging environment were more “perspicacious”they were better at solving problems and learning new things.1. according to the first paragraph，_.athe function of our brain is like that of the musclebuntil now its impossible to explain the brains mysterycmany people believe ones intelligence is naturally determineddones brain grows stronger as the age increases2training muscles is compared to_.ausing the brainbconnecting things in your brainclifting weightsddoing research about the brain3what is paragraph 3 mainly about?athe complex structure of the brain.bhow changes in the muscles affect the brain.cthe importance of the brain.dhow the brain becomes stronger by learning new things.4what does the underlined word “perspicacious” in the last paragraph probably mean?astrong.bsmart.cpopular.dactive.5the following paragraph will most probably talk about_.athe differences between animals brains and humans brainsbthe relation between human brains and musclescscientists findings about animals brainsdhow to make your brain smarter through selfdevelopment语篇解读科学研究发现，经常学习能促进大脑的发育，正如经常锻炼能使肌肉更强健一样。1解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“many people believe that a person is born smart，average，or dumband stays that way in the whole life.”可知c项正确。答案：c2解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“but new research shows that the brain is more like a muscleit changes and gets stronger when you use it.”可知答案。答案：a3解析：考查段落大意。本段详细描述了大脑如何通过练习和学习新事物而发生变化，从而变得更敏捷。答案： d4解析：考查词义猜测。根据破折号后面的“they were better at sloving problems and learning new things”可知，该词应为“敏锐的”之意。答案：b5解析：考查推理判断。最后一段提出科学家是从研究动物的大脑得出的结论，因此下一段最可能进一步描述这些研究成果。答案：c.。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。not all memories are sweet. some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. often they relive these experiences. now american researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. the pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. they hope it might reduce , or possibly erase(抹去), the effect of painful memories. in november, experts tested a drug on people in the us and france. the drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. so far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased. the research has caused a great deal of argument. some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers troubling memories after war. they say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. some memories can ruin peoples lives . they come back to you when you dont want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. they usually come with very painful emotions, said roger pitman, a professor of psychiatry at harvard medical school. this could relieve a lot of that suffering. but those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity (特质). they also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. all of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. im not sure we want to wipe those memories out, said rebecca dresser, a medical ethicist(论理学家).some people fear that although the drug would first be uesed in only very serious cases, it would become more and more common. “ people always have the ability to misuse science,” said joseph le doux, a new york university memory researcher.” all we want to do is to help people have better control of memories.”1. whats the main idea of this passage? a people often suffer from bad memories. b american researchers are trying to develop a pill. c forget bad memories, and be happy. d the researh has caused a heated argument.答案解析：答案为d。本题为主旨大意题。第一段引出话题人们想忘记痛苦的回忆，第二、三段介绍科学家研究可以消除痛苦回忆的药物，该研究引起了人们的激烈争论，有人支持，有人反对，文章的重心着重于人们的争论，文章的大意就是“研究引起了激烈的争论”。 故答案为d。2. the underlinded word “ it “ in para 4 refers to _a the new drug b the research into the drugc the bad memory d the chemical drug答案解析：答案为b。本题为词义推理题。结合划线的 “it” 出现的语境 “the research has caused a great deal of argument. some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.” 可以推断，“it”指代的是“the research”，再结合前面第二、三段的内容可知，“it”指代的是对药物的研究，故答案为b。3. which of the opinions is not the opinion of the supporters?a the pill can erase all the memories of the pastb some memories can ruin peoples lives. the pill can relieve emotional suffering.c the pill can also help many other types of people who suffer from terrible memories.d the pill can prevent or treat troubling memories in soldiers after war.答案解析：答案为a。 本题为细节题。由第四段 “supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers troubling memories after war. they say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.” 和第五段 “some memories can ruin peoples lives . they come back to you when you dont want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. they usually come with very painful emotions,” 可知，b、c、d选项是支持者的意见。 a选项 “药物可以抹去所有过去的回忆”表达有误。故答案为a。4. which of the opinion is not the opinion of the opponents? a our memories give us our identity.b the memories help human avoid mistakes of the past.c the drug should be used in only very serious cases.d people may not be sure whether they want to wipe the memories out.答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节题。由第六、七段可知，a、b、d选项都是反对者的意见。由最后一段首句 “ some people fear that although the drug would first be uesed in only very serious cases”可知，c选项是文中的一个事实，不是反对者的意见，故答案为c。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项。with the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the united states today is the death penalty (死刑). many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, while others think there is no enough proof that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.the argument advanced by those opposed （反对） to the death penalty is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is tile mark of a bad society and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime (罪行) anyway.in our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary action. throughout recorded history there have always been those peculiar persons in every society who made terrible crimes such as murder. but some are more dangerous than others.for example, it is one thing to take the life of another in time of blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of different degree. while it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion. but the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them. their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder. for example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in california, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100, 000 population. since 1964 the death penalty has been done only once, and the murder rate has risen to10.4 murders for each 100, 000 population. the sharp climb in the states murder rate, which began when killings stopped, does not happen by chance. it certainly shows that the death penalty does deter many murderers. if the law about death penalty is vetoed (否决), some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. this is really a life or death matter. the lives of thousands of people must be protected.1. the main purpose of this passage is to _.a. speak for the majority b. support a vetoc. speak ill of the government d. argue for the value of the death penalty答案解析：答案为d。本题为文章的主旨大意题。由第一段的 “many argue that , while others think .”和最后一段的首句 “the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion.”可知，本文讨论死刑的价值。2. which of the following is among the heated arguments across the usa besides death penalty?a. air pollution. b. the war against iraq.c. equal rights. d. election of president.答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节题。从第一段的首句 “with the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the united states today is the death penalty (死刑).”可知，除了人权问题，在美国讨论最热烈的问题是死刑。3. the numbers in the last paragraph show that _.a. if they stick to death penalty, the number of murders will be reducedb. death penalty almost stopped from 1954 to 1963c. the population of california has risend. death penalty is of little value答案解析：答案为a。本题为推理题。从最后一段的第二句 “but the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them.” 和最后三句 “if the law about death penalty is vetoed (否决), some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. this is really a life or death matter. the lives of thousands of people must be protected.”都是在强调死刑可以保护人的生命，故答案为a, 如果国家坚持死刑，谋杀案件的数目会减少。由本段的第四句话 “for example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in california” 可知，1954年到1963年期间，死刑时不时地在california执行，并不是废除了，故选项b错误。c选项在文中未提及，d选项与本段的中心意思违背。4. it can be inferred that the writer thinks that _.a. the death penalty is the most important problem in the united states todayb. the second type of murderers (in paragraph 4) should be sentenced to deathc. the veto of the law about death penalty is of little importanced. the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be discussed答案解析：答案为b。本题为推理题。细读第四段， 由“it is one thing blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan in the style of a butcher. thus, murder is a matter of different degree. while it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.”可知，作者认为谋杀分为 “blind anger （盲目的愤怒）” 和 “coldly plan in the style of a butcher （冷酷的屠夫式的谋杀），谋杀的程度不一样，如果是第一种就仅仅让谋杀者与社会隔离即可，而不是后一种谋杀者的命运，言外之意就是后一种谋杀应该判死刑。故答案为b。结合前面几题的分析，第一段作者认为除了人权问题，在美国讨论最热烈的问题是死刑。故选项a错误。从最后一段倒数第三句话 “if the law about death penalty is vetoed, some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect.” 可知，如果死刑被否决，一些本可以挽救的生命就会被谋杀，可见死刑的否决对保护人的生命有着重要的意义，c选项的意思与此相反，故错误。d选项与最后一段的首句 “the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion.” 表达相反，故错误。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。maggie was very glad that james was not a frequent visitor to the house. so far as the children were concerned, they had a mystery about him that stirred their imagination. he stirred maggies anger, however, so that she often said to her husband, “its mercy that brother of yours doesnt come often.” in fact james came once a year, unexpectedly, around eight oclock in the evening, and he stayed for six hours of close discussion with his brother. his arrival was a signal to the children that their bedtime would be delayed. not that he ever spoke to them or played with them. he took no notice of them, as if he was unable to see children, at least until the time came for him to go. instead, after his first greeting and a careless kiss, james took no notice of maggie either, except to add, “youll be getting on with the supper, maggie.” such was his regard for her. maggie paid him back in her own way. she kept the children up, the four of them, to keep her company, she said, but of course they sang and made a noise and broke the endless sound of jamess voice. very late, they dropped off to sleep in their chairs. then, when james was about to go, maggie woke them up and so more or less forced him to part with four shillings before he left. that gave her some satisfaction, for james, though rich, was mean. he always went home by the last train, just after two oclock. maggies children secretly stared at their uncle. they could not forget that he had, in their mothers words, “lost two wives and taken a third, ” they wondered about those two unfortunate lost ladies. they asked each other what their fate had been, and if neither could ever be found again. james never brought his third wife with him nor ever mentioned her. the children decided that he must be so frightened of losing her that he never allowed her outside the door. 1. the underlined word “mercy” in the text most probably means _. a. loss b. wonderc. lucky thing d. terrible thing 答案解析：答案为c。本题为词义猜测题。由第一段的内容可知，maggie非常高兴james不常来她家，james的到来只会让maggie生气，于是她对她丈夫说：“你的弟弟不常来真是一件不错的事情。” 故 “mercy” 意思就是 “lucky thing(幸运事)”。故答案为c。2. maggie never prepared anything special for james because _. a. he was a man difficult to please b. she never knew when he was coming c. she was too busy looking after her children d. he never stayed long enough for a meal 答案解析：答案为b。本题为推理题。文中虽没有提及maggie从不为james 准备特别的东西，但是可以根据文中第二段首句 “in fact james came once a year, unexpectedly, around eight oclock in the evening” 推断，james一年只来一次，而且是