中考英语复习专题9：动词.doc

。中考四轮复习第一轮 专题9：动词动词就是用来描述主语的动作行为或者状态的词。动词在句子中作谓语，是句子中不可缺少的成分。1、 动词的分类 根据动词的意义以及在句子中的功能，动词可分为实义动词，系动词，助动词，情态动词。1. 实意动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不用再跟宾语。及物动词本身意义不完整，其后要跟宾语才能表达完整的意义。e.g. I like the novel very much. My father works in a TV Station.【注意】用的动词即可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。e.g. The bird can fly. 此时fly作不及物动词，表示飞行。 They are flying lites. 此时fly是及物动词，表示放飞。2.系动词 系动词就是指连系主语和表语的动词，主要用于说明主语的身份，性质，特征和状态。系动词只有主动形式，常见的系动词有：be动词am、is、are感官动词sound、taste、smell、feel、look表示“变化”的系动词become、go、come、turn、grow、get、fall等表示“状态”的系动词keep、stay、remain等e.g. She is beutiful. Your idea sounds great. The cake tastes nice. Everyone body wants to stay in healthy.3. 助动词助动词本身没有意义，不能单独用作谓语，只能和实义动词在一起构成谓语动词，表示时态、语态、语气等特征。主要的助动词有be、do、have、shall、will等。be具体形式有am,is,are,was,were。帮助构成现在进行时。过去进行时以及被动语态。have具体形式有have.has,had。帮助构成现在完成以及过去完成时。do具体形式有do,does,did。帮助构成否定句，疑问句等。will,shall帮助构成将来时的结构。shall仅用于主语是第一人称时，will可以用于各种失态中。e.g. My mother was reading a newspaper at nine oclock last night. The trees are planted every year. I have finished my homework. Do you often go to the movies on weekend? We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.4. 情态动词情态动词表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法。情态动词本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，需要与主要动词一起构成谓语。初中阶段我们学到的情态动词有：can表示“能力”，可以用在否定句中表示推测。may表示“许可”，语气比较委婉，可以用在肯定句中表推测，肯定语气小于must。must表示“必须”，语气比较强烈，还可用在肯定句中表示推测，肯定的语气很强。have to强调受客观原因所迫不得已而不得不做的事情。主要是第三人称单数时，要用has to。have to变为否定句或者疑问句时要借助于助动词do，does。couldcould既是can的过去时，本身也是情态动词，语气比较委婉。shall用于表示征求对方意见时，语气比较委婉，多和第一人称搭配。should表示“应该” ，否定形式为shouldnt“不应该”need可以用作情态动词，还可以用作实义动词，need to do sth.需要做某事had better后跟动词原形。had better do sth.最好做某事，had better not do sth.为否定形式e.g. Can you give me some suggestions? May I come in? In Englandtraffic must keep to the left. He has to pass an examination before he can start work.【注意】Must I . 提问的时候肯定回答用Yes,you must.否定回答用No,you neednt.情态动词表推测时的用法 must：在肯定句中表示推测，语气比may强烈， 可译成“一定”“肯定”。 情态动词表推测的用法 may：用在肯定句中表示推测，语气比must弱 可译成“可能”“也许” can：用在否定句中表示推测，形式为cant 可译成：“不可能”2、 动词短语由两个或者两个以上的词构成额短语，相当于一个动词，这就是短语动词。常见的短语动词有以下的几种形式：动词+介词look at 看laugh at 嘲笑point at 指着worry about 担忧ask for 请求hear from 收到某人来信动词+副词put off 推迟put out 熄灭pick up 捡起turn off 关闭grow up 长大look out 当心stay up 熬夜动词+名词+介词make friends with . 和某人交朋友give ones life to 献身于动词+副词+介词stay away from 远离get along with 进展，相处动词+介词+名词go to school 去上学go to bed上床睡觉keep in touch 保持联系 3、 非谓语动词我们把在句子当中起名词、形容词或副词作用，充当谓语之外的其它句子成分的动词称为非谓语动词。二非谓语动词共分为三种：1.动词不定式（to+动词原形）可用作名词、形容词或副词2.现在分词和过去分词（现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成；过去分词有”动词原形+ed”构成.注意不规则变化）可用作形容词或副词(现在分词: 表主动, 进行; 过去分词: 表被动, 完成)3. 动名词（动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成”）可用作名词或形容词三非谓语动词的作用主语表语宾语定语状语宾补不定式动名词现在分词过去分词不定式1、作主语（it 做形式主语, 注意for/of sb 区别)Its very exciting to have a Chinese friend. Its important to eat a balanced diet. It takes about 25 minutes to walk .Its very hard for him to study two languages.Its very nice of you to help me.2、作宾语(总结后接不定式做宾语的动词: ask, decide, expect, learn, manage, pretend, plan, refuse, want)I want to learn about artThese children may find it hard to think for themselves3、作表语Perhaps one of the most polite ways is to ask someone, “Would you mind doing this or Would you mind not doing that.”4、作定语Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.Let me tell you the way to my house.Would you like something to drink?want to do sth.想要做某事would like/love to do sth.想要做某事hope to do sth.希望做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事agree to do sth.同意做某事plan to do sth.计划做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事need to do sth.需要做某事prefer to do sth.宁愿做某事promise to do sth.承诺做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事5、作宾语补足语有的动词后接带to的动词不定式作补语；有的动词后接不带to的动词不定式。(help后可以接do 也可以接to do)1）能以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，allow，tell，invite， wish，want， encourage， advise， persuade， order等。2）用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有see，hear，watch，notice，observe，listen to，look at，feel，let，have，make等。但是，这类句子变为被动语态时，不定式符号to仍保留。My mother wants me to drink it.6、作目的状语常用结构为to do, in order to do, 例如： He ran so fast to catch the first bus. I come here to say good-bye to you.7、与特殊疑问词构成复合宾语decide，find out，forget，know，learn，remember，wonder等动词常接“疑问词+ 动词不定式”这个结构，用作宾语。疑问词一般是what，who（m），where，how，whether，why，whichI dont know where to go.He cant decide what to buy.We wonder how to deal with it. 不定式的否定形式My mother always tells me not to stay out late.too.to. 太.以至于不能.动名词1. 动名词作主语(谓语动词用单数形式)Eating dangshen and huangqi herbs is also good for this .Knocking into players and falling down would be dangerous2. 动名词作宾语总结: enjoy /practice /end up /finish/consider/keep /be busy/ stand/imagine/mindhold on to/thanks for/be used to/ preferto/pay attention to/be good at/look forward to/ have difficulty (in)/have trouble (in)/have confidence (in)Do you mind opening the window?My father enjoys watching TV.备注: 有些动词即可用动名词作直接宾语，也可以用不定式作直接宾语，两者有着截然不同的意义。（1）like，love，prefer，hate.等表示喜爱、厌恶、偏好的情感动词，后跟不定式表示“仅一时的爱憎情感或指特定或具体某次行为”；后跟动名词表示“抽象性的一种倾向、爱好或习惯性的动作” 2) 动词remember，forget，stop，go on，try，cant help等既能以动词不定式又能以动名词作宾语，但表达的意思却不同。与动词不定式连用时，表示未完成的动作。例如：remember 后用动名词表示 “记起过去做过的一件事”；后用动词不定式表示“记住要去做某一件事情”。 3）动词need, want, require,以及 be worth之后动名词的主动语态含有被动的意思，相当于不定式的被动语态。 My hair needs cutting.finish doing sth.结束做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事practice doing sth.练习做某事be used to doing sth.习惯做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事have fun doing sth.做某事很开心remember doing sth.记得做过某事forget doing sth.忘记做某事consider doing sth.考虑做某事be worth doing sth.值得做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事现在分词1现在分词作后置定语(表示动作正在发生，与被修饰词是主谓关系)Look at this group of people playing beach volleyball !There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood.2现在分词作表语My hobby is collecting old coins.3. 现在分词作宾补see，hear，watch，notice，observe，listen to，look atI saw they playing football on the playground yesterday.4. 现在分词作状语(弱化讲解,程度不好的班级可以不讲)过去分词1过去分词作定语(与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已经完成含有被动意义)David Smith of North London has a pot-bellied pig named Connie.2被动语态由be +动词过去分词构成When was it invented?3过去完成时由had+动词过去分词构成By the time I got outside, the bus had already left四中考非谓语动词常考考点1.it作形式主语、宾语的用法2感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；3动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用4一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；5有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。 练习题1.Its important the piano well.( 2009 徐州）A. Of him to play B. for him to play C. of him playing D.for him playing 2. Are you enjoying _ in Changsha?Yes, I am. Very much.A. to liveB. livingC. lives D. lived3 Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. has4. Could you give us a hand, please?Sure. What would you like me _?A. do B. doesC. to doD. doing5. So much work usually makes him _ very tired.A. to feelB. feelsC. feelingD. feel6.Would you please tell me _ next?-Think it over. Youll find a good way .(2008沈阳）A、When to do B. how to do C.what to do D.where to do 7.Many people think its very important_us_learn English well. 贵阳 A. for, to B. to, to C. with, for8.Betty is often seen _the old man with his housework.咸宁 A. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helps9. -Linda, I am very thirsty. -Lets go to the nearest supermarket_some drinks, OK? 重庆 A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buyingI.按照所给单词的适当形式填空:1.Helikes_(play)soccer, thisishishobby.2.Sheprefers_(dance)to_(sing)asolo.3.Iamfeelingsick.Idontfeellike_(eat)ordrinkinganything.4.Shedislikes_(eat)meat, shewantstobeslim(苗条).5.MrsGreenshates_(travel)byair. Shealwaysfallsasleepduringtheflight.6.Schoolboysenjoy_(play)computergames, whileschoolgirlsenjoy_(chat)online.7.Wouldyoumind_(take)theseexercise-bookstotheteachersofficeforme?8.Hestarted_(learn)ChineseKungfuattheageoffive.9.Haveyoufinished_(copy)thenewwordsonthevocabularylist?10.Thepianistpractices_(play)thepianoeverynight.11.Whentheteachercamein,studentsallstopped_(talk).12.Thekidsarehavingfun_(make)modelplanes.13.Jimhadtrouble_(learn)Chinese.14_(swim)isfarmorecomfortablethan_(run)inhotsummer.II.动词不定式1.Whatdoyouwant_(be)whenyougrowup?2.He toldtheboys_(notplay)soccerontheroad.3.Tonyaskedhisgrandpa_(give)himatoycarforhisbirthday.4.Hedecided_(make)decisionsbyhimselffromnowon.5.Theworkersplan_(build)thebridgeintwoyears.6.Iamreallysorry_(hear)that.7.Wouldyoulikesomething_(drink)?8.Werelookingforsomewhere_(havefun).9.Ihavenoideawhichway_(choose)?10.Idontknowwhat_(say)andhow_(do).11.Ittookthemhalfanhour_(reach)thehotel.12.Theteaistoohot_(drink).13.Heused_(be)apoliceofficer,sohewassupposed_(face)thedangerandchallengeeveryday.14.Letme_(have)alookatyourphotos.一、用can, may, must, need, have to, had better的适当形式填空：1. You _ return the library book on time.2. I _ (not) find the way to the hospital. _ you show me the way?3. _ I finish the work right now? No, you _ (not). You _ do it later.4. He said he _ (not) come tonight.5. Her mother was ill. She _ stay at home and look after her.6. Its time for class. You _ stop playing football or you _ be late for class.7. We _ start right now, or they would get there first.8. The cloud is lifting, so it _ (not) be a rainy day tomorrow.二、选择填空：1.Excuse me. Will you please tell me the way to the railway station? Oh, sorry, but I dont know. You _ go and ask that policeman. A. mayB. must C. would D. should2. John _ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. mayB. can C. has to D. must3.This book _ Lucys. Look! Her name is on the books cover.A. cant beB. may be C. mustnt be D. must be4. _ I finish the work today? No, you _.A. Must, cantB. Must, neednt C. May, needntD. Can, mustnt5. _ we ask you some questions? Sure, go ahead! A. Will B. Shall C. Must D. Need6.You must come back every month. Yes, I _. A. mustB. shouldC. will D. can7.Where is Tom? He hasnt come to school today. I think he _ be ill.A. has to B. had better C. can D. must8. Whats the time now? Its still early. You _ worry about the time.A. may not B. dont have to C. cant D. dont need9. _ I visit Lucy on Sunday, Mum? Yes, you _.A. Must, can B. May, may C. Need, need D. May, need10.Computers _ process difficult problems very quickly. A. can B. must C. should D. need单项选择：( ) 1. Lily is upset these days. Do you know how to _ her _?A. cheer; up B. cheer; on C. pick; up D. put; away( ) 2. Please _these test papers to each student.A. give off B. give out C. give up D. give in( ) 3. All the students must _your homework before ten oclock, or you will be punished.A. hand out B. hand in C. hand over D. hand on( ) 4. Would you please _ the music a little, Lily? I am learning English.A. turn up B. turn down C. turn off D. turn on( ) 5. Attention, please! The plane will _ in a minute. Every passenger, please fasten(系) your safety belt. A. take up B. take off C. take over D. take down( ) 6. This math problem is very difficult, so I cant _it _.A. work; out B. point; out C. set; up D. try; on( ) 7. If you dont know the meaning of the word, you can _ it _ in the dictionary.A. look; up B. look; into C. make; up D. dress; up ( ) 8. The old man _ cancer at last.A. died from B. died of C. goes through D. ends with ( ) 9. -What does your mother _? -She is tall and beautiful.A. look after B. look like C. look at D. look for( ) 10. I dont know how to _my sad feeling. Can you help me?A. do with B. deal with C. run after D. go over( ) 11. I _ my English teacher this morning while I was eating breakfast.A. came about B. came from C. came across D. came over( ) 12. -Shall I take you to the shopping